U-Eleanor Maccoby uyisengqondo esiphezulu mhlawumbi eyaziwayo ngokuphanda kwakhe ngezihloko ezifana nophuhliso, iimboli zesini, nophuhliso loluntu. I-PhD yakhe yanikezelwa ngomsebenzi awawenzayo kwiBB Skinner yokufunda ibar eYunivesithi yaseHarvard. Kwakuyixesha lophando lwakhe kwaye wasebenza eHarvard ukuba inzala yakhe yokuphuhliswa kwabantwana yayitshitshiswa.
Waqhubeka waba ngumntu ovelele oye waba nefuthe elihlala njalo kwintsimi yengqondo.
Eyaziwayo kakhulu:
- Uphando nophuhliso lwezesayensi
- Uphando malunga nemisebenzi yesini kunye nesondo
- Izifundo ekuqwalaseleni ukhetho
- Uphando malunga nefuthe lomtshato
- Umfazi wokuqala ukusilela isebe leengqondo zeStanford
Ubomi bokuqala kunye neMfundo
U-Eleanor Emmons Maccoby wazalwa ngoMeyi 15, 1917 eTacoma, eWashington. Wayengowesibini kwiintombi ezine ezizalwe ngabazali bakhe, u-Eugene noViva. Watshata nomfundi ogqirha ngengqondo ogama lakhe linguNathan Maccoby ngethuba lomnyaka wakhe ophakamileyo wekholeji kwaye isibini esitshatileyo saza safumana abantwana abathathu. Ufumene idigri ye-bachelor's degree esuka kwiYunivesithi yaseWashington waza wafumana idigri ze-master and doctorate yakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan.
Umsebenzi
UMaccoby wasebenza kancinci ngeengcali zokuziphatha kwengqondo uBF Skinner ngaphambi kokuba anikwe isikhundla kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard ngu-psychologist uRobert Sears. Uphando lwakhe lwangaphambili lwaluquka uphando malunga nefuthe loomabonwakude kubantwana kunye nophando kwiindlela zokukhulisa abantwana.
Ekugqibeleni, uMaccoby waqala ukuvakalelwa kukuba ubulili bakhe buchaphazela ukukwazi kwakhe ukufumana ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe eHarvard, ngoko ke wagqiba ekubeni athathe isikhundla kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford njengoprofesa wengqondo.
Ucwaningo lukaMaccoby luye lwagxila kwi-psychology yokuhlukana kobulili. Umsebenzi wakhe ugxininise iimpembelelo zezinto eziphilayo ezibangele ukungafani phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini kwaye ziphakamisa ukuba iimpembelelo zentlalo, ezenkcubeko kunye nabazali aziyizona zigqibo eziphambili zendima kunye nokukhetha.
Njengengxenye yomsebenzi wakhe noCarol Jacklin, uMaccoby waqaphela ukuba uninzi lweencwadi abaye bahlolisisa ngazo ngokwabelana ngesondo lwalukhutshwe ngokucacileyo. Ngoxa uphando lwalukho malunga nokungafani kwesini, ininzi yalo yayingashicilelwa kwaye ingabandakanywa kwimibhalo yesandla yokugqibela. Abaphandi banquma ukwenza ukuhlaziywa ngokucokisekileyo kwesi sifundo, kubandakanye uphando olupapashiweyo nolusashicilelweyo njengenxalenye yohlalutyo lwabo. Incwadi ekhuphayo, "I-Psychology of Sexual Differences," ngoku ixutywa njengesiqhelo, esicatshulwa ezinye iimpapasho ezingaphezu kwama-5 000.
Umsebenzi wakhe ngexesha lama-1990 wawujolise kakhulu kwimpembelelo yokuqhawula umtshato kwabantwana. Uphando lwakhe olude kwindlela umtshato owenziwe ngayo kwiintsapho zamkhokelela ukuba abhale iincwadi ezimbini ngesihloko, kuquka ukuhlukanisa umntwana (olwabhaliweyo nguRobert Mnookin) kunye ne- Adolescents After Divorce (ebhaliweyo kunye noKristuy Buchanan kunye noSanford Dornbusch).
Iincwadi ezikhethiweyo zika-Eleanor Maccoby
Ezinye zeempapasho zakhe ezaziwa kakhulu zivela kwiminyaka ye-1950 kunye nemisebenzi eninzi yakutshanje. Enye yeetekisi zakhe zokuqala malunga nokuphuhliswa kwabantwana kwakuyi "Iipatheni zokuKhulisa abantwana," ezipapashwe ngo-1957. Le ncwadi yakhula ekufundeni kwakhe okukhulu ngokukhulisa abantwana, eyayiyimisebenzi yokuqala yokuhlola ubudlelwane bomzali nabantwana.
Ezinye iincwadi zibandakanya umsebenzi we-1974 othi "Ingqondo yezoThathaka zoSondo" kunye nencwadi ka-1998 ethi "Iingqumbo ezimbini: Ukukhula Ngaphandle, Ukuza kunye."
Igalelo kwiNzululwazi
Umsebenzi kaMaccoby wanceda uphando loovulindlela malunga nezesini kunye nokwahlukana kobulili. Ufumene izibhengezo ezininzi kunye nomsebenzi wakhe, kuquka ne-G. Stanley Hall Award (1982) kunye ne-American Psychology Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award (1996).
Phakathi kwezinto ezininzi ezifezekileyo, wakhonza njengomongameli weCandelo 7 le-APA ukususela ngo-1971 ukuya ku-1972 kwaye wayengowesifazane wokuqala ukuba abe ngumongameli weSebe lezeNgqondo kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford.
Icandelo lesi-7 le-American Psychological Association linika igalelo egameni lakhe, iSigqibo seMaccoby, kubabhali beengqondo abenza iminikelo ebalulekileyo kwindawo yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo. Kwisifundo esinye sichaza i-100 yezona zengqondo zengqondo yekhulu le-20, iMaccoby ibekwe kwibala 70.
Amanye amawonga awunqobileyo kwikhosi yakhe ibandakanya iSafa sase-Stanford University iWalter J. Gores yokugqwesa ekufundiseni, iNkcazo ye-APA evelele kwiSayensi, kunye ne-National Academy of Science.
U-Eleanor Maccoby waphendukela kwiminyaka eyi-100 ubudala ngoMeyi 15, 2007.
> Iingcaciso
Umbutho weSayensi yeNzululwazi. U-Eleanor Maccoby uthetha iingqondo zezophuhliso, izifundo zesini. Umgcini. 2014; 27 (2).