I-Neurogenesis kunye neNzululwazi yeBritish Regeneration
Ubulumko obuqhelekileyo sele bucebise ukuba asikwazi ukukhulisa iiseli ezintsha zengqondo; ukuba sizalelwe nazo zonke iiseli zengqondo esiza kuba nazo kwaye ukuba kanye loo maseli egciniweyo aphelile, ahamba kakuhle.
Le nkolelo yanikezelwa, ngokuyinxalenye, kukuba iinjongo ezithile (ukunyakaza) kunye nemisebenzi yengqiqo (ingcinga) ihlala iyancipha ukudala esiyifumanayo. Kodwa ngaba le nto ibonisa ukuba yonke inqabileyo xa sisondela kwixesha elizeleyo kwaye asikwazi ukhetho kodwa silinde ukuhla kwehla?
Iibhendi zeBongo kunye neHippocampus
Nangona ubuninzi beeseli zethu zengqondo zenziwa ngelixa sisesibelethweni , kukho iinxalenye ezithile zobuchopho eziqhubekayo ukudala iiseli ezintsha ze-neural phakathi kwasebuntwaneni. Kuze kube sekudlulileyo amashumi emva nje, ubuchopho bukwazi ukuhlaziywa kwakhona bubangelwa inkolelo yokuba i- neurogenesis- ukuzalwa kweeseli ezitsha zengqondo-yaphela emva kolu nqanaba.
Uphando olutsha luboniswe ngenye indlela kwaye lubonisa ukuba, ngokwenene, inxalenye enye yengqondo iyaqhubeka nokudala iiseli ezintsha kwixesha lobomi bomntu.
Ngethuba lokugqibela kwee-1990, abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseRockefellers eNew York City baqhuba izifundo apho iimfumi ze-marmoset zijojowe nge-tracer chemicals ezingakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kweeseli zengqondo ezahlukileyo ezihlukileyo kunye nokwahlula okutsha. Into abayifumene kukuba i- hippocampus (ummandla wengqondo ehambelana nemikhumbuzo, ukufunda kunye nemvakalelo) yaqhubeka yokwakha iiseli ezintsha ngaphandle kokubandezeleka kwexesha okanye ixesha.
Uphando oluthile lusetyenziswa ukutshatyalaliswa kwekhabhoni-14 (oluvavanya ubudala kunye nenkqubo yentuthuko yamaselula) yaqinisekisa ukuba iiseli kwi-hippocampus, ngeli xesha zifa, zatshintshwa ngokutsha ngokutsha. Kuphela ngokwakhiwa kwala maseli apho i-hippocampus inako ukugcina imisebenzi yayo ephambili.
Oko kwasibonisa kuthi kukuba inani lamaseli amatsha, kunye nexesha apho zidalwe khona, liqala ukuhla ngokukhula. Xa kuthethwa oko, isantya sokunciphisa sasingabonakali ukuba sihambelana kwaye siyahluka ngokuphawulekayo ukusuka kwisifundo.
Oko Uphando lusitshela
Uphando luboniswa kubalulekile njengoko kubonisa ukuba kukho izinto ezinokuvuselela nokuvimbela inkqubo ye-neurogenesis yabantu abadala. Kuye kwathetha ngeendlela ezinokuthi zonyango izifo ezinokukhubazeka ezifana nezifo ze-Alzheimer's kunye ne-Parkinson kunye nokuguqula umonakalo obangelwa kukulimala kwengqondo.
Ngandlela-thile, iziphumo azizange zimangalise okanye zingalindelekanga. Nangona kukho impikiswano ekuchasene nayo, ukukwazi kwethu ukugcina iimemori ezihlala njalo kunye nolwazi lokugcina ixesha elide likhonza njengobungqina benkqubo yokuvuselela. Namhlanje, siyaqonda ukuba i-neurogenesis yabantu abadala ayinakwenzeka kuphela, yinto eyenzekayo yendalo.
Izinto ezichaphazela i-Neurogenesis yabantu abadala
Ngethuba sisekho iminyaka ekungagcini iinkqubo ze-neurogenesis yabantu abadala, siqala ukufumanisa izinto ezinokuthi "ziphakamise" inkqubo.
Omnye wabo usebenza. Uphando lwezilwanyana lwangokokuqala olwenziwa ngabaososayensi kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago lubone ukuba ukuvuthwa kwe-aerobic kukhokelela kokubangela ukwanda kwemveliso yeseli kwi-hippocampus kwaye kwanda kwimiba yolwazi lwezofuzo.
Oko oku kusitshoyo kukuba akusebenzi nje kuphela umsebenzi wengqondo ephuculayo, iiseli ngokwabo zikwazi ukugcina ulwazi lokufunda kunye nememori.
Iziphumo zaxhaswa ngophando oluvela kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania eyabika ngo-2010 ukuba umsebenzi obenziwayo ophakathi kwabadala abadala abangama-120 ukwandise ubungakanani bobuhle be-hippocampus ngamaphesenti amabini kwaye ngokufanelekileyo baphendule ukulahlekelwa kweli cell to age one to two years.
Ukongezelela ekusebenziseni umsebenzi, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba iindawo zokufunda eziphuculweyo zingaba negalelo ekusindeni kwamaseli endala kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha. Ngamafutshane, xa usebenzisa ubuchopho bakho, ngakumbi uya kukwazi ukugcina umsebenzi ophezulu wengqondo.
Kwiphepha le-flip, kukho iziganeko ezichithwa ngqo kwi-neurogenesis. Oyintloko phakathi kwale minyaka. Siyazi, umzekelo, ukuba ngamaxesha amaninzi abantu abadala bafikelela kuma-80s, ubuninzi beepesenti ezingama-20 ze-neural connections kwi-hippocampus ziya kulahlekelwa. Naphezu kokuzilolonga kunye nezinye izinto, ukuphuhliswa kweeseli ezintsha akunakwenzeka ukuqhubeka nokulahlekelwa ngabantu abadala.
Uninzi lweengqwalasela zophando lwexesha elizayo luya kuba nenjongo yokutshintsha ukulinganisela phakathi kwezi mpahla kunye nokulahleka njengoko sikwazi ukuchonga ngakumbi izinto zangaphandle nezangaphakathi ezichaphazela i-neurogenesis yabantu abadala.
> Imithombo:
> Erickson, A .; Voss, M; Prakash, R. et al. "Ukuqeqeshelwa ukuqeqeshwa ubukhulu be-hippocampus kunye nokuphucula imemori." PNAS. 2010; 108 (7): 3107-22; INGXELO: 10.1073 / pnas.10159850108.
> Ernst, A. kunye noFrisen, J. "I-Neurogenesis yabantu abadala -Bantu abaqhelekileyo kunye nabayingqayizivele kwiimpawu." PLoS Biol. 2015; 13 (1): e1002045; INGXELO: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.pbio.1002045.