Ama-neurons ahambisa njani iimpawu kuwo wonke umzimba? Enye inxalenye yale nkqubo yokudlulisa iquka into eyaziwa njengento enokuyenza . Isenzo esinokuthi siyinxalenye yenkqubo eyenzeka ngexesha lokudubula kwe- neuron . Ngethuba lokusebenza, inxalenye yelungu le-neural livule ukuvumela ion i-charge ezingenayo ngaphakathi kweseli kwaye ihlawulise ionons.
Le nqubo ibangela ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kwixabiso elifanelekileyo le-fibre ye-nerve. Xa umrhumo ufinyelela +40 mv, umtsalane usasazeka kwi-fiber ye-nerve. Le ntshukumo yombane iqhutywe phantsi kwentsholongwane ngokusebenzisa uluhlu lwezenzo ezinokwenzeka.
Ngaphambi kweNkqubo yokuSebenza
Xa i-neuron ingathumeli iimpawu, ngaphakathi kwe-neuron inexabiso elibi elimalunga necala elihle ngaphandle kweseli. Iikhemikhali ezichithwe ngombane ezibizwa ngokuba yi-ions zigcina i-balance balance and negative balance balance. I-calcium iqulethe iindleko ezimbini ezintle, i-sodium ne-potassium iqulethe ixabiso elihle kunye ne-chloride iqulethe.
Xa ekuphumleni, i-membrane yeseli ye-neuron ivumela ioni ezithile ukuba zidlule ngelixa zikhusela okanye zikhawulelise ezinye ioni ukuba zihambe. Kulo rhulumente, ion i-sodium ne-potassium ayinakukwazi ukuwela kalula kwi-membrane. Ion potassium, nangona kunjalo, ziyakwazi ukuwela i-membrane ngokukhululeka.
Ion i-negative ngaphakathi kweseli ayikwazi ukuwela umqobo. Iseli kufuneka isebenze ioni zezothutho ukwenzela ukuba igcine i-polarised state. Le ndlela iyaziwa ngokuba yimpompo ye-ion pump. Kuzo zonke ioni ze-potassium ezidlula kwi-membrane, ion i-ioni ze-sodium ziphephelwa ngaphandle.
I- potentium l ye-neuron ibhekisela kummahluko phakathi kwamandla ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-neuron.
Ubungakanani bokuphumla kwe-neuron ye-average bujikeleze -70 millivolts, ebonisa ukuba ngaphakathi kweseli i-70 millivolts ngaphantsi kweyaphandle kweseli.
Ngethuba leNkqubo yokuSebenza
Xa isicatshulwa sithunyelwa sisuka kumzimba weselfowuni, iziteshi zesodium zivuliwe kwaye iiseli zesodium ezilungileyo ziyangena kwiseli. Emva kokuba iseli sifinyelele kumbindi othile, isenzo esinokuthi sizomlilo, sithumele umbane kagesi phantsi kwe-axon. Izenzo ezinokuthi zenzeke okanye zingenzi; akukho nto into efana nendiza "yokukhetha" ye-neuron. Lo mgaqo ubizwa ngokuba ngumthetho wonke-okanye-akukho .
Oku kuthetha ukuba i-neurons isoloko ishisa ngamandla abo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ubungqina obugcwele besignali buqhutywe kwi-fiber yesibindi kwaye badluliselwa kwiseli elandelayo kwaye isignali ayibonakali okanye ilahleke ngakumbi xa ihamba ukusuka kumthombo.
Emva kweNkqubo yokuSebenza
Ngoko kwenzeka ntoni ngaphakathi kwe-neuron emva kokuba isenzo esenzekayo senzeka? Emva kokuba i-neuron ikhuphe, kukho ixesha elichasayo apho kungenakwenzeka khona esinye isenzo. Ngeli xesha, iziteshi ze-potassium ziyavulwa kwakhona kwaye iziteshi ze-sodium zivale, ngokukhawuleza zibuyise i-neuron ekuphumeni kwayo. Emva kokuba i-neuron ibuyele ekuphumeni kwayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba esinye isenzo esinokuthi senzeke kwaye sithumele isignali phantsi ubude be-axon.