Ingqondo yengqondo yindawo ekhethekileyo ejolise kwindlela i-biology, i-psychology, ukuziphatha, kunye neentlalo zichaphazela impilo kunye nokugula. Eminye imigaqo kuquka i-psychology yezokwelapha kunye namayeza okuziphatha ngamanye amaxesha asetyenziswa ngokuthe tye kunye nexesha lempilo yengqondo.
IzeMpilo kunye nokugula ziphethwe ziintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Nangona ukugulana kunye nokugula okuqhelekileyo kuqhelekileyo, kukho izinto ezininzi zokuziphatha nezengqondo ezinokuchaphazela impilo kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango.
Uqwalaselo olukhawulezayo lwezeMpilo yengqondo
- Insimba yengqondo yezempilo ijolise ekukhuthazeni impilo kunye nokuthintela nokunyangwa kwezifo nokugula.
- Iingcali zengqondo zengqondo zijolise ekuqondeni indlela abantu abasabela ngayo, ukujamelana nokuphulukana nokugula.
- Abanye oogqirha bezengqondo bezempilo bazama ukuphucula inkqubo yokunakekelwa kwempilo kunye nendlela kaRhulumente yokunakekelwa kwempilo.
ICandelo lama-38 lama- American Psychological Association lizinikele kwi-psychology yezempilo. Ngokwahlulo, ugxininiso lwabo lubona ukuqonda kakuhle impilo kunye nokugula, ukufunda iimeko zengqondo ezichaphazela impilo kunye negalelo kwinkqubo yokunakekelwa kwempilo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wezempilo.
Insimba yengqondo yezempilo isaselula kakhulu, ikhulayo phakathi kwee-1970 ukujongana nensimi eshintshileyo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ukulindela ubomi kwakuphantsi kakhulu kwiminyaka eyi-100 edlulileyo, kwaye iinkxalabo zempilo zihlala zijoliswe kwizinto ezifana nokucoceka okusisiseko kunye nokuphepha kwezifo ezithathelwanayo.
Namhlanje, ukulindeleka kobomi e-US kuneminyaka engama-80, kwaye izizathu ezibangela ukufa zizifo ezingapheliyo ezihlala zidibaniswa nendlela yokuphila njengentliziyo yesifo kunye nesifo.
Iingqondo zezempilo ziye zavela ukuze zincede ukujongana nale nguqulelo kwimpilo. Ngokujonga iipatheni zokuziphatha eziphantsi kwesifo nokufa, iingcali zengqondo zengqondo zinethemba lokunceda abantu baphile ngcono - kunye nempilo.
Ingaba njani i-Psychology yezoMpilo ihluke kwezinye iindawo zeengqondo?
Ngoko yintoni eyenza i-psychology yezempilo ibe yodwa? Ngayiphi indlela ekuncedeni ngayo ukuqonda kwethu impilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle? Ngenxa yokuba iingqondo zengqondo zigxininisa indlela ukuziphatha kuchaphazela ngayo impilo, kuyindawo ekhethekileyo yokunceda abantu batshintshe iziphatho ezenza igalelo kwimpilo nakwimpilo. Ngokomzekelo, oogqirha beengqondo abasebenza kule ndawo bangaqhuba uphando olwenziweyo malunga nendlela yokukhusela ukuziphatha okungafanelekanga njengokubhema nokujonga iindlela ezintsha zokukhuthaza izenzo ezinempilo ezifana nokusebenzisa.
Ngokomzekelo, ngelixa abantu abaninzi beqonda ukuba ukutya ukutya okuninzi kwishukela akuyona into enhle kwimpilo yabo, abantu abaninzi bayaqhubeka beziphatha ngendlela enjalo kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni imiphumo emfutshane kunye nexesha elide. Iingcali zempilo yengqondo zijonga kwiimeko zengqondo ezichaphazela ezi zigqibo zempilo kwaye zihlolisise iindlela zokukhuthaza abantu ukuba benze ukhetho olungcono lwempilo.
Izifo ezinxulumene neengqondo kunye neendlela zokuziphatha
Ezinye izifo ezihambelana nemeko yengqondo okanye yokuziphatha ziquka:
- Stroke
- Isifo sentliziyo
- HIV / AIDS
- Cancer
- Iziphene zokuzalwa kunye nokufa kwabantwana
- Izifo ezithintekayo
Ngokomnye uphando malunga nesiqingatha sabo bonke abantu abafa eUnited States banokudibaniswa neendlela zokuziphatha okanye ezinye izinto ezinobungozi ezinokuthintelwa.
Iingcali zengqondo zengqondo zisebenza kunye nabantu, amaqela kunye noluntu ukunciphisa le miba engozi, ukuphucula impilo yonke, nokunciphisa ukugula.
Imiba ekhoyo kwiNgqondo yezeMpilo
Nangona i-psychologists zempilo ibandakanyeka kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ezi zilandelayo zimbalwa zezinto ezikhoyo kwi-psychology yezempilo:
- Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo
- Ulawulo lobunzima
- Ukuyeka ukutshaya
- Ukuphucula ukutya kwansuku zonke
- Ukunciphisa ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo
- Ukunyamekelwa kwezibhedlele kunye noxanduva lweengxaki kwizigulane eziphelileyo
Ukuqonda i-Biosocial Model kwi-Psychology yezeMpilo
Namhlanje, indlela esemqoka esetyenziswa ngaphakathi kwengqondo yezempilo iyaziwa njengemodeli ye-biosocial.
Ngokwale mbono, ukugula kunye nempilo kubangelwa intlangano yezinto eziphilayo, ezengqondo nezentlalo.
- Izinto zezinto eziphilayo ziquka iimpawu zobuntu kunye neemeko zobomi.
- Izizathu zengqondo ziquka ukuphila, iimpawu zobuntu, kunye namaqondo oxinzelelo.
- Iinkalo zentlalo zibandakanya izinto ezinjengeenkxaso zentlalo, ubudlelwane beentsapho kunye neenkolelo zenkcubeko.
Unokunceda njani iPhysics Psychology?
Ingqondo yengqondo yintsimi ekhula ngokukhawuleza. Njengoko inani elinyukayo labantu lifuna ukuthatha ulawulo lwempilo yabo, abantu baninzi bafuna ulwazi olunxulumene nempilo kunye nezibonelelo. Iingcali zengqondo zengqondo zijolise ekufundiseni abantu malunga nempilo yabo kunye nentlalo-ntle, ngoko bafanelekile ngokufanelekileyo ukuzalisa le mfuneko yokukhula.
I-Psychology yezempilo inokuzuza abantu ngabanye ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Abaninzi abaqeqeshiweyo kule ntsimi basebenza ngokukodwa kwiinkalo zokukhusela kwaye bagxile ekuncedeni abantu ukukhusela iingxaki zempilo ngaphambi kokuba baqale. Oku kungaquka ukunceda abantu bagcine ubunzima obunempilo, baphephe ukuziphatha okumazi okanye okungekho mpilweni kwaye bahlale benombono ontle wokulwa nokuxinezeleka, ukudandatheka kunye nokuxhalabisa.
ILizwi
Ukuba unzima ukwenza utshintsho olusempilweni ebomini bakho, ukujongana nokuqala kokugula, okanye ukujongana nolunye uhlobo lweengxaki zempilo, ukubona i-psychologist yezempilo yindlela enye yokukunceda ukuqala ngenyawo onyawo. Ngokubonisana nomnye walezi zifundo, unokufumana ukufumana inkxaso kunye nezixhobo ezilungiselelwe ukukunceda ukujamelana nokugula kwakho kwaye ufezekise iinjongo zakho zempilo.
> Imithombo:
> Baum, A, Revenson, TA, & Singer, JE. I-Handbook yezeMpilo yengqondo. INew York: I-Psychology Press; 2012.
> Brannon, L, Updegraff, JA, & Feist, J. Health Psychology: Isingeniso sokuziphatha kunye neMpilo. IBoston, MA: UkuFunda kweCengage; 2014.