Ngaba ucinga ukuba uyazi oko kuthatha ukuba ukhuthazwe? Okanye unzima ukuqonda oko kunokukukhuthaza ukuba ufezekise iinjongo zakho? Nazi izinto ezimbalwa ezithakazelisayo abaphandi abaye bazifumana malunga neengqondo ngokushukumisa abantu. Abanye banokumangalisa, kwaye abanye banokukunika iingcamango zendlela yokuzikhuthaza wena nabanye.
1 - Abafundi baseMelika baxhotyiswa ngakumbi ngomsebenzi ozimeleyo
Abantu baseMerika bakhuthazwa yimilayezo egxininisa ukuzimela kwabo kunokuba abo baxineke. Kwesifundo esithile ngabafundi be-psychologists baseStanford, abafundi baseMerika babonisa ukuba babenomdla kakhulu ekuthatheni kwaye bangashukumisekanga ukuba baphumelele kwizifundo ezazifuna umsebenzi omkhulu weqela kunye nentsebenziswano. Noko ke, bebakhuthaza ngakumbi xa kufika kwiiklasi ezazifuna umsebenzi ozimeleyo.
2 - Izibonelelo azihlali zisisombululo esihle
Uninzi lwezinto ezikhuthazayo kugxininisa kwindlela "yokuqhafaza kunye nokunamathela", ukugxila ekusebenziseni izikhuthazo zokukhuthaza ukuziphatha okufunayo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba nangona i-incentives ingaba ibalulekile kwaye iluncedo kwezinye iimeko, ezinye izinto ezifana nomnqweno wokuphumelela nokusebenza zingabaluleke nakakhulu.
3 - Enyanisweni, Izibonelelo zingaba ngamanye amaxesha ziNciphise ukukhuthaza
Izinto ezivuselela izinto eziye zivuyisa kwaye zizonandipha ziyakwazi ukuhlaziya kwaye ngokwenene ziyeke ukunciphisa. Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba xa abantu banikezwa umvuzo wokuzimela kwimisebenzi abayifumene ngokuyifumanayo, abanomdla kakhulu ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwixesha elizayo. Iingcali zengqondo zibhekisela kule ngxaki njengempembelelo engaphezulu .
4 - Ukudweba kwi-Intrinsic Motivation Kungaba yiyona ndlela efanelekileyo
Imisebenzi yokuyila ukuba ikhuthaze ngokusesikweni ingenza inkqubo yokufunda ibe lula kwaye iphumelele. Uphando lubonisa ukuba kukho izinto ezibalulekileyo ezingasetyenziselwa ukwandisa izizathu ezinjengokuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi inzima ngokwaneleyo kodwa ayinakwenzeka, eyenza lo msebenzi uqwalaselwe kwaye unomdla, unike abantu amandla okulawula indlela abajongene ngayo nomsebenzi, ukunikela ukuqashelwa nokudumisa imizamo, nokunika abantu ithuba lokuthelekisa imizamo yabo kwabanye.
5 - Imizamo yokudumisa ngaphezu kobuchule inokuphucula ukukhuthaza
Amandla okudumisa kunokuba iinzame zinganciphisa. Xa umntwana esombulula ingxaki yamatriki, adumisa umntwana ngokuthi "Uhlakaniphile!" ngokwenene yenza ukuba baninzi bayeke xa befumana ingxaki enzima kakhulu. Ngoba? Iingcali zengqondo zibonisa ukuba kugxininisa ubuchule bendalo (ubuchule, ukubonakala, njl,) kubangela abantu ukuba babambe umbono okanye ingcamango yabo yeempawu kunye neempawu zabo. Kunoko, iingcali zibonisa ukuba ukudumisa umzamo kunye nenkqubo eya kuxazulula ingxaki ("Usebenze kanzima kuloo nto !," "Ndiyathanda indlela osebenze ngayo kwaye wafika nesisombululo!") Sinceda abantwana bafunde ubuchule babo ezingenakunyuswa. Esikhundleni sokukholelwa ukuba bahlakaniphile okanye bayisimungulu, bazijonga njengokuba banako ukuphucula ngokusebenzisa umgudu nokusebenza kanzima.
6 - Ukuxhomekeka kwiCandelo loLwazi oluPhezulu luyodwa
Ukunika amandla kunokukufumana nje ngoku. Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba kwimisebenzi enzima okanye enomdla, izibonelelo zakho zokuzikhethela zinokukhawuleza ziphele. Ngomnye umzamo, amavolontiya kufuneka asebenzise amandla okuthatha indima yomntu ongathandeki kumsebenzi wokuqala kwaye wabuzwa ukuba angahleki okanye amamotheka ngelixa ebukela ifilimu ekhethiweyo yefilimu. Zomibini zomsebenzi ezifunekayo, kodwa abaphandi bafumene ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba "basebenzise" amandla abo okufumana amandla emsebenzini wokuqala owakufumanisa kunzima ukuyeka ukuhleka ngexesha lomsebenzi wesibini. Ngoko yintoni isisombululo? Abaphandi bacacisa ukuba xa amandla asebenzayo aphelile, ukuza kunye nemithombo ye-motivation yangaphakathi kubaluleke ngakumbi. Ngokufumana imvelaphi yangaphakathi yezizathu, abantu banokuvuselela amandla abo okukhuthaza.
Iingxelo
UDonald, B. (2013, uJan 28). Ukukhuthaza abaninzi baseMerika, bacinge 'mna' phambi 'thina,' bathi iStanford psychologists. News Stanford. Ukufunyanwa kwi-http://news.stanford.edu/news/2013/January/motivation-independence-psychology-012813.html
Gröpel, P., & Kehr, HM (2013). Isizathu kunye nokuzithiba: Iinjongo ezicwangcisiweyo zenza umlinganiselo wokuzithiba kwimisebenzi enxulumene nenjongo. Umbhalo woBuntu, INGXELO: 10.1111 / jopy.12059.
Malone, TW & Lepper, MR (1987). Ukwenza ukufunda kujabulise: I-taxonomy yezizathu zokufunda zangaphakathi. Ngo-RE Snow ne-MJ Farr (i-Ed.), Ukufaneleka, ukufunda nokufundisa: III. Uhlalutyo lwenkqubo kunye nefuthe . Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.