Ukujonga indlela Inkcubeko eyahlukana ngayo nefuthe lokuziphatha kwabantu
I-Psychology ye-cross-culture yisebe yeengqondo ejongene nendlela iinkcubeko zithinta ngayo ukuziphatha kwabantu. Nangona iinkalo ezininzi zeengcamango zomntu kunye nokuziphatha ziphela jikelele, ukungafani kwenkcubeko kunokukhokelela kwimeko eyahlukileyo yokumangalisa indlela abantu bacinga ngayo, bazive ngayo kwaye benze. Ezinye iimeko, ngokomzekelo, zinokugxininisa ubuntu kunye nokubaluleka kokuzimela komntu.
Ezinye iinkcubeko, nangona kunjalo, zinokubeka ixabiso eliphezulu kwi-collectivism kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwamalungu eqela. Ukwahlukana okunjalo kunokudlala indima eninzi kwiinkalo ezininzi zobomi.
I-psychological cross-culture iyaphuma njengesihloko esibaluleke kakhulu njengoko abaphandi bazama ukuqonda ukungafani kunye nokufana phakathi kwabantu beenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke ihlabathi. I-International Association of Cross-Cultural Psychology (IACCP) yasungulwa ngowe-1972, kwaye eli sebe leengqondo liqhubekile likhula kwaye liphuhlise ukususela ngelo xesha. Namhlanje, inani elinyukayo labafundi beengqondo liphanda indlela ukuziphatha okungafani ngayo kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi lonke.
Kutheni kubalulekile ukuba i-Psychology ye-Cross-Culture ibaluleke?
Ekubeni i-psychology ivela kakhulu kwiYurophu nakwiMntla Melika, abaphandi baqala ukubuza ukuba ingaba ezininzi iimboniselo kunye neengcamango ezazikholelwa ukuba ziphela zingasebenza kwiinkcubeko ezingaphandle kwezi ndawo.
Ngaba iziphumo zethu kunye nokucingwa ngeengqondo zengqondo zabantu ziza kuxhomekeka kwisiseko esibhekiselwe kuyo? Iingcali zengqondo zengqamaniso zisebenza ngokulungelelanisa ezininzi izinto ezinokuthi zenzeke kuphando kwaye zichonge ukuba izinto ezisebenza kwiinkcubeko zaseYurophu naseMntla yaseMelika zisebenza nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi.
Umzekelo, qwalasela indlela into enjengeenkcukacha zokuhlalisana kwezentlalo ingahluka ngayo kunye nenkcubeko yabantu ngabanye njenge-United States ngokumelene nenkcubeko yamaqabane njengeChina. Ngaba abantu baseChina baxhomekeke kwimiba efanayo yentlalo njengoko abantu base-US benza? Yiyiphi intlukwano yenkcubeko inokusichaphazela indlela abantu ababonana ngayo ? Le yile yimibuzo ethile ukuba i-psychologicalist cross-culture ingabhekisisa.
Yintoni Eyona Nkcubeko?
Inkcubeko ibhekisela kwiimpawu ezininzi zeqela labantu, kubandakanywa izimo zengqondo , ukuziphatha, amasiko kunye nexabiso elidluliselwa kwisizukulwana esinye kuya kwesinye. Iintlanga kwihlabathi lonke liba neentlobo ezininzi, kodwa ziphawulwe ngantlukwano enkulu. Ngokomzekelo, ngelixa abantu bezo zonke iimeko beva ulonwabo, indlela esivakalelwa ngayo ibonakala ngayo eyahluka kwenye inkcubeko ukuya kwesinye.
Injongo yezengqondo zengqondo zenkcubeko kukujonga izinto zokuziphatha ezizimeleyo kunye nokuziphatha okuzimeleyo ukuchonga iindlela iindlela ezithintela ngayo inkcubeko yethu, ubomi bentsapho, imfundo, amava oluntu kunye nezinye iindawo.
Uninzi lwezengqondo zezengqondo zenkcubeko zikhetha ukugxila kwisinye seendlela ezimbini:
- Indlela yokunyamekela ijolise ekufundeni ukuba iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo zifana njani.
- Indlela yokumisela igxila ekufundeni ukungafani phakathi kweenkcubeko.
Iingcali zengqondo zengqamaniso nazo zifunda into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ethnocentrism.
I-Ethnocentrism ibhekisela kwisifiso sokusebenzisa isiko sakho njengemigangatho yokugweba nokuhlola ezinye iinkcubeko. Ngamanye amagama, ukuthatha ingcamango ye-ethnocentric kuthetha ukusebenzisa ukuqonda kwakho isiko lakho ukulinganisa "okuqhelekileyo." Oku kunokukhokelela ekuphazamiseni kunye nokutyekela ukujonga iintlukwano zenkcubeko njengento engavamile okanye ekuhleni. Kwakhona kunokuba kunzima ukubona indlela yakho imvelaphi yenkcubeko ithonya ngayo ukuziphatha kwakho.
Iingcali zengqondo zengqamlezo zihlala zijonga indlela i-ethnocentrism echaphazela ngayo ukuziphatha kwethu kunye neengcamango, kubandakanywa nendlela esisebenzisana ngayo nabantu abavela kwamanye amasiko.
Iingcali zengqondo zixhalabele nendlela i-ethnocentrism inokuchaphazela ngayo inkqubo yophando. Ngokomzekelo, isifundo sinokugxekwa ngokuba ne-bias ethricosity.
Izihloko eziphambili kwi-Psychology
- Imizwa
- Ukufumana ulwimi
- Uphuhliso lwabantwana
- Ubuntu
- Ukuziphatha kwezentlalo
- Ulwalamano lwentsapho kunye noluntu
I-Psychology yeNkcazo-yeNkcubeko?
- Amanye amagatsha eengqondo agxininisa indlela abazali, abahlobo kunye nabanye abantu abachaphazela ngayo ukuziphatha komntu, kodwa abaninzi abanakuchukumisa impembelelo enokuthi inkcubeko ingaba nayo kwizenzo zabantu.
- Ngokolunye uhlangothi, i-psychology yezenkcubeko, ijolise ekufundeni ukuziphatha komntu ngendlela ethatha iziphumo zenkcubeko ingqalelo.
- Ngokutsho kukaWalter J. Lonner, ukubhalwa kweso nge-Psi Chi , i-psychology yezithethe zenkcubeko inokucingwa njengendlela yohlobo lophando, kunokuba ibe yintsimi eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kwingqondo (2000).
Ngubani omele afunde i-Psychology?
Iingcali zengqondo zengqamlezo zithinta izihloko ezahlukeneyo, ngoko abafundi abanomdla kwezinye izihloko zengqondo bangakhetha ukugxila kule ndawo yengqondo. Ezi zilandelayo zimbalwa eziza kuxhamla ekufundweni kweengqondo zenkcubeko:
- Abafundi abanomdla ekufundeni indlela yokukhulisa abantwana kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso.
- Ootitshala, ootitshala kunye nabaqulunqi bekharityhulam abenza izifundo zezemfundo zenkcubeko kunye nezixhobo banokuzuza ngokufunda okungakumbi malunga nendlela ukungabikho kwenkcubeko kuchaphazela ngayo ukufunda abafundi, ukuphumelela kunye nokukhuthaza.
- Abafundi abanomdla kwintlalo yengqondo okanye yobuntu bangenelwa ngokufunda ngendlela inkcubeko ithinte ngayo ukuziphatha kwezentlalo kunye nobuntu bomntu.
Imithombo:
I-Lonner, i-WJ Kwi-Growth nokuBaluleka okuqhubekayo kweSikhulo seNkcubeko. Iliso kwiPsi Chi, 2000; 4 (3): 22-26.
Matsumoto, DR Inkcubeko kunye neengqondo (i-2nd ed.). I-Pacific Grove, CA: i-Brooks / Cole; 2000.
Smith, PB, Bond, MH, & Kağitçibaşi, Ç. Ukuqonda i-psychology yoluntu kwiinkcubeko: Ukuphila nokusebenza kwihlabathi elitshintshayo (3rd rev. Ed.). ELondon, UK: I-Sage; 2000.