Iingqungquthela eziBhozo eziMkhulu zoLawulo
Iingcamango zobunkokeli zifuna ukucacisa njani kwaye kutheni abantu abathile baba yienkokeli. Iingcamango ezinjalo zihlala zigxila kwiimpawu zeenkokeli, kodwa ezinye iinzame zokuchonga iimpawu abantu abakwazi ukuzenza ukuphucula ubuchule babo bobunkokeli kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
Iingxoxo zangaphambili kwi-psychology yobunkokeli zivame ukuphakamisa ukuba izakhono ezinjalo zazinokukwazi ukuba abantu bazalwa nabo.
Ezinye iingcamango zamva nje ziphakamisa ukuba iimpawu ezithile zinganceda abantu benze iinkokeli zendalo, kodwa loo mava kunye nezimo zendawo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo.
Ukuqwalasela ngokugqithiseleyo iinkolelo zeenkokheli
Njengomdla kwi-psychology yobunkokeli kuye kwanda kwiminyaka eyi-100 edlulileyo, iinkolelo ezahlukeneyo zobukhokelo ziye zaziswa ukuba zicacise ukuba njani kwaye kutheni abantu abathile bebaholi abaziintloko.
Yintoni eyenza inkokheli enkulu? Ngaba iimpawu ezithile zobuntu zenza abantu bafaneleke ngakumbi kwiimbopheleleko zobunkokeli, okanye ngaba iimpawu zeso simo zenza ukuba kubekho abantu abathile baya kuthatha imali? Xa sijonge iinkokheli ezisijikelezayo - kuba ngumqeshi wethu okanye uMongameli - sinokuzibuza sizibuza ukuba kutheni aba bantu bebakhulu kwiindawo ezinjalo.
Abantu sele benomdla kunkokheli kwimbali yomntu, kodwa sele kutsha nje nje ukuba kuninzi iikhosi zeenkokheli ezizimeleyo zivele.
Inzala kubunkokheli inyuke ngexesha lokuqala kwekhulu le-20. Iingcamango zobuholi bokuqala zijolise kwiimpawu ezahlukileyo phakathi kwabaholi kunye nabalandeli, ngelixa iimbalo ezilandelayo zijonga ezinye iinguqu ezinjengeemeko zobuchule kunye namanqanaba olwazi. Ukuba ungathanda ukwazi ngakumbi ngesitayela sakho sobunkokeli, le mibuzo ingakunceda ufunde kabanzi.
Ngelixa ezininzi iinkolelo zeenkokheli ezihlukeneyo zivele, ininzi ingabalwa njengenye yeendidi ezi-8 ezinkulu:
1. "Indoda Enkulu" Iingcamango
Ngaba wake wakha umntu echazwa ngokuba "ozelwe ukukhokela?" Ngokwale ngcamango, iinkokheli ezinkulu zizalwe nje ngeempawu zangaphakathi eziyimfuneko ezifana ne-charisma, ukuzithemba, ukuqonda, kunye nezakhono zentlalo ezenza abaholi bezendalo.
Iingcamango ezinkulu zabantu zicinga ukuba amandla obunkokeli azalwayo-ukuba iinkokheli ezinkulu zizalwe, ezingenziwa. Ezi ngcamango zihlala zibonisa iinkokeli ezinkulu njengeziqhawe, eziyingqungquthela kwaye zenzelwe ukunyuka kubunkokheli xa zifuneka. Igama elithi "uMntu Omkhulu" lisetyenzisiweyo kuba, ngelo xesha, ubukhokeli becingelwa ngokukodwa njengobunqunu besilisa, ngokukodwa ngobunkokeli bemikhosi.
2. Iingcamango zendlela
Ngokufanayo ngeendlela ezithile kwiingcamango ezinkulu zeMveli, iingcamango zokuziphatha zicinga ukuba abantu bazuze iimpawu ezithile kunye neempawu ezibenza bafaneleke ngakumbi kubunkokheli. Iingcamango zengqondo zihlala zichonga ubuntu obuthile okanye iimpawu zokuziphatha ezabelwana ngabaholi. Ngokomzekelo, iimpawu ezinjengokuxubusha, ukuzithemba, kunye nesibindi zonke iimpawu ezinokuthi zidibaniswe nabaholi abaziintloko.
Ukuba iimpawu ezithile ziyimpawu ebalulekileyo zobunkokheli, ngoko sichaza njani abantu abanezo empawu kodwa bengabakhokeli?
Lo mbuzo ngenye yeengxaki ekusebenziseni iingcamango zokuziphatha ukuchaza ubunkokheli. Kukho abantu abaninzi abanempawu zobuntu ezinxulumene nobunkokheli, kodwa abaninzi bala bantu abazange bafune izikhundla zobuholi.
3. Iingcamango ezingapheliyo
Iingcamango ezingapheliyo zobunkokheli zijolise kwiimiba ethile ehambelana nokusingqongileyo enokuthi ikhethe indlela ekhethekileyo yobunkokeli efanelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo kwimeko. Ngokwale ngcamango, akukho ndlela yobunkokeli efanelekileyo kuzo zonke iimeko.
Abaphandi bezobuNgcini be-White kunye noHodgson bacebisa ukuba inkokheli enempumelelo ngokwenene ayikho nje ngeempawu zenkokeli, ngokuphathelele ukulinganisa ukulinganisela okufanelekileyo phakathi kokuziphatha, iimfuno kunye nomxholo.
Iinkokeli ezilungileyo ziyakwazi ukuvavanya iimfuno zabalandeli babo, zithathe i-stock of the situation, zize zitshintshe iziphatho zazo ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuphumelela kuxhomekeke kwinani lezinto eziguqukayo eziquka isitala sobukhokelo, iimpawu zabalandeli kunye neemeko zeso simo.
4. Iingcamango zengingqi
Iingcamango zengqondo ziphakamisa ukuba iinkokeli zikhetha inkqubela phambili yezona zinto zisekelwe kwiimeko ezikhoyo. Izindlela ezahlukeneyo zobunkokheli zifaneleke ngakumbi kwiintlobo ezithile zokwenza izigqibo. Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko apho inkokeli inelungu elilwazileyo nelinamava eliqela, isitayela sobukhosi sinokufaneleka. Kwamanye amaxesha apho amalungu eklasi eneengcali zobuchule, isitayela yentando yesininzi iya kusebenza ngakumbi.
5. Iingcamango zokuziphatha
Iingcamango zokuziphatha zobunkokeli zisekelwe kwinkolelo yokuba iinkokeli ezinkulu zenziwe, azizalwanga. Cinga ngolu hlobo lweflip of the Great Man theories. Ukugxila ekuziphatheni , le ngongoma yenkokeli igxile kwizenzo zeenkokheli, kungekhona kwiimpawu zengqondo okanye kwilizwe langaphakathi. Ngokwale ngqungquthela, abantu bangafunda ukuba babe yienkokheli ngokufundisa nokuqwalasela.
6. Iingcamango zokuthatha inxaxheba
Iingcamango zobunkokeli ezithatha inxaxheba zibonisa ukuba isitayela esifanelekileyo yobunkokeli yinto ethatha ingqalelo kwabanye. Ezi nkokeli zikhuthaza ukuthatha inxaxheba kunye neminikelo evela kumalungu eqela kwaye kunceda amalungu ekomiti azive echaphazelekayo kwaye azibophezele kwinkqubo yokwenza isigqibo. Kwiingcamango ezithatha inxaxheba, nangona kunjalo, inkokeli igcina ilungelo lokuvumela igalelo labanye.
7. Iingcamango zoLawulo
Iingcamango zolawulo, ezaziwa nangokuthi ziingcamango zentengiselwano , jolisa kwendima yolawulo, umbutho kunye nokusebenza kweqela. Ezi ngcamango zisekela ubunkokheli kwinkqubo yemivuzo kunye nezohlwayo. Iingcamango zolawulo zihlala zisetyenziswa kwishishini; xa abasebenzi bephumelele, bavuzwa; xa behluleka, bayamsola okanye bahlwaywe. Funda kabanzi malunga neengcamango zobuthathi-ntsapho .
8. Iingcamango zobudlelwane
Iingcamango zobudlelwane, ezikwaziyo nangokuthi iinguqu zenguqu, kugxininisa ekudibeneyo okubunjwa phakathi kwabaholi kunye nabalandeli. Ienkokeli eziguqukayo zikhuthaza kwaye zikhuthaze abantu ngokuncedisa amalungu eqela ukuba abone ukubaluleka nokuphakamileyo komsebenzi. Ezi nkokeli zijolise ekusebenzeni kwamalungu eqela, kodwa zifuna umntu ngamnye ukuba azalise amandla akhe. Iinkokheli ngeli gama zihlala ziba nemilinganiselo ephakamileyo yokuziphatha.
ILizwi
Zininzi iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokucinga ngobunkokheli, ukususela ekugxininiseni iimpawu zobuntu bobunkokeli obukhulu ukugxininisa imimiselo yimeko ekunceda ukuqonda indlela abantu abaholayo ngayo. Njengazo zinto ezininzi, ubunkokheli ngumxholo obanzi kakhulu kwaye umxube wezinto ezininzi ezikunceda ukucacisa ukuba kutheni abanye abantu baba ngabaholi abaziintloko. Funda kabanzi ngezinye zezinto ezenza abantu abaneenkokheli ezinamandla yindlela enye yokuphucula izakhono zakho.
> Umthombo:
> Gill, R. (2011). Iingcamango nezenzo zobunkokheli. I-London: I-SAGE Publications.