Kutheni ukutshaya umbhobho kukubi kuwe
Ukutshaya iteksi ephuma kumbhobho sekuye kwadlula iinkulungwane ezininzi, kwaye kuye kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokomlando, iipayipi zazisetyenziselwa kwimikhosi kunye nesenzo ngokuthe ngcembe kufumana ukuthandwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiminyaka njengendlela eyamkelweyo yokutshaya iteksi. Izitolo zaphuma zaza zenza umbhobho (kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo i-cigar) ababhemayo. Iibhonkco ezivuthayo ezithengiswa ngobuninzi zingashenyulwa ngqo kwindawo leyo kumagumbi omsi amiselwe abenzi.
Ukutshaya umbhobho kuye kwadlulela kusetyenziswa ukususela ngee-1960, kodwa kusekunconywa ngepesenti encinci (malunga nama-2 ekhulwini) abantu ababhema e-United States namhlanje, ngokukodwa amadoda amadala. Ukutshaya umbhobho kusekhona eSweden, apho inxalenye enye yekota yabantu abadala bayotshaya umbhobho.
Yintoni Umbhobho Wogwayi kwaye Ngaba uyayilungisa?
Icuba lepayipi likhupha icuba leqabunga eliqhelekileyo eliqhelekileyo enyakatho elingaphakathi eTennessee, entshona iKentucky naseVirginia. Kuphilisiwe ngomlilo , okuquka ukutshaya ngokutsha ukutshiza iifomati zogxobhozo phezu komlilo onzima okhuni ngaphakathi kwinqaba okanye uhlobo oluthile. Inkqubo inokuthabatha iintsuku kwiiveki, kwaye umphumo wokugqibela ucuba ophantsi kweswekile kwaye uphakamileyo kwi-nicotine.
Ininzi yecuba ityebhile yinto enamakha, ibe ne-flavoring eyongeziweyo kumveliso ogqityiweyo onika ubunzulu kunye nobutyebi kwintleko nangephunga.
Icuba lepayipi liyalutha . Isitya sepilisi sesilinganiso sineegramu ezintathu zecuba, kunye nenqanaba le-nicotine nganye kwigramu engama-30-50 milligram.
Ababhemayo abavumi ukunyusa umsi womsila njengokuba abantu ababhema ugwayi, kodwa i-nicotine enye isifikile kwigazi emva kokungena kumlenze womlomo.
Umbhobho woTywala ulawulwa yiFederalally eUnited States
Ngo-2016, i-United States yokutya kunye noLawulo lweeDrug (FDA) yongezelela umthetho onika igunya lokulawula i- FDA phezu kwayo yonke imveliso yecuba , kubandakanywa iteksi yecuba.
Ukuveliswa, ukupakisha kunye nokubhaliweyo kwazo zonke iimveliso zecuba kufuneka zihlangabezane nezikhokelo ze-FDA, kunye nendlela iimveliso ezipapashwa ngayo, ezikhuthazwayo, zithengiswa kwaye zingeniswe.
I-FDA nayo inegunya phezu kwezinto ezisetyenziselwa iimveliso zecuba. Kule meko, oko kuthetha ukuba iipayipi zazisetyenziswa ukutshaya iteksi. Ukususela ngo-2018, iimveliso zogwayi ezandula ukulawulwa ziya kufuneka zibandakanye ileyibhile elandelayo ekufakeni:
"ISILUMISO: Le mveliso iqukethe iicicin.
Ukuba umenzi unika ifom ye-self-certification kwifom ye-FDA, kunye nobungqina bokuba umkhiqizo wabo osanda kulawulwa yi-nicotine-free, ngoko iilebuli efunekayo iya kufunda:
"Le mveliso yenziwe ngecuba."
Ekugqibeleni, umgaqo-nkqubo wenkqubo yokutya iteksi unceda ukukhusela abathengi. Nangona zonke iimveliso zecuba ziyingozi kwimpilo, izikhokelo ze-FDA zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba abakhiqizi abanako ukwenza ngokufihlakele ukupheka iteksi ngeendlela ezingabangela ingozi ngakumbi kunokuba sele besenza.
Ngaba Ukubhema Kombhobho Kubi Kwimpilo Yam?
Ewe. Unokucinga ukuba ngenxa yokuba ininzi ipayipi ayibhekiyo, ingozi yezempilo ayincinci. Nangona kungekho nkcazelo enkulu yesayensi kwimiphumo yempilo yombhobho wokubhema, siyazi ukuba kukho iingozi.
Umbhobho wokubhema uhambelana nenani lezifo eziqhelekileyo kwi-cigar kunye nabokubhema i-cigarette. Ngokomzekelo, ababhemayo bombhobho bajongene nomngcipheko ophezulu wamanomdla emlonyeni , kuquka ulwimi, i-larynx, nomqala. Ababhemayo abafake umsi womsila banomngcipheko ophakamileyo we-lung, pancreatic, kunye nomhlaza wesisu.
I-Pipe smokers ibhekene nobungozi obuninzi bokuhlaselwa isifo esingapheliyo sesifo se-pulmonary or COPD. Nangona ukutshaya i-cigaretti ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa imbangela enkulu yeCOPD, ezinye iintlobo zecuba, njengombhobho wokubhema kunye ne-cigars nazo zibangelwa ukutshaya ukutshaya komsi kunye nokulimala kwezicubu ezincinci zamaphaphu.
Abantu ababhema iipayipi banokujamelana nomngcipheko ophezulu wokufa kwisifo senhliziyo , ingakumbi abo bavutha umsi. Uphando olungakumbi lufuneka lwenziwa kule ndawo.
Ngaba iicigarettes zibi ngakumbi kunokutshaya umbhobho?
Abaphandi abaye bajonga ukuphazamiseka kwempilo phakathi kombhobho wokubhema nogwayi baye baphetha ukuba bobabili baphatha imingcipheko efanayo yokufa kwasekuqaleni kwizifo ezininzi ezinokudibaniswa nocuba. Ezi zifo zi:
- Ischemic heart disease
- Stroke
- Izifo zengqondo
- Umhlaza wemiphunga
- Ezinye iintsholongwane ezichaphazela ukutshaya
Ukwahlukana kuphela okuxabisekileyo phakathi kweendlela ezimbini zokusetyenziswa kwecuba kukusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexesha. Ababhemayo abathandwayo abathandanga ukungabonakalisi (njengabanzi) njengabokubhema ugwayi, kwaye bashiya umsi ngaphantsi kwimizuzu emini.
Ziziphi iintlobo phakathi kweHokah kunye nePipe yokuSuba?
Ukuqala ngolwazi ukuba ihaokah yocuba kunye nombhobho wocuba ityingozi kwimpilo, makhe sijonge ukungafani phakathi kwezi zibini:
- Ukuphindaphinda: I- Hookah igubha kwi- hookah yokuphumula okanye kwindawo yokuhlalisa abantu, ngoko i-hookah smokers inokutshaya kuphela emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa okanye kanye ngeveki. I-Pipe smokers iqhumisa rhoqo, kodwa baninzi ukukhanyisa ipayipi kanye (okanye amaxesha ambalwa) ngosuku.
- Isixa: I-hookah ipiliti yombhobho ingaba ne-10-15 amagremu kagwayi, ngelixa izitya ezininzi zeepayipi zihlala zi-1-3 amagremu kagwayi.
- I-Nicotine: Iseshoni enye ye-hookah idla i-45 imizuzu ukuya kwiyure, kunye nabokubhema ababetha i-10 mg ye-nicotine ukususela kuma-300 ukuya ku-750 mg we-nicotin kwicuba. Isitya senkunkuma yepayipi sincinci kwaye ababhemayo abafaki kakhulu, ngoko ke kunzima ukufumana ukuchithwa kwe-nicotine. Nangona kunjalo, sinokuthi i-3 gram isitya soogwayi esine-150 mg ye-nicotine iya kuzisa inani elincinci le-nicotine kwigazi lomntu otshaya.
- Iifomsi: Zonke iimveliso zecuba ziqulethe inani leetekisi ezivela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo: izibulala-zinambuzane endle, izongezo kunye neenguqu zepikimenti ezenzekayo xa itekisi kunye nezithako zitshiswa. I-Tar , i- arsenic , i- carbon monoxide kunye ne- polonium-210 zimbalwa nje zeemichiza eziyingozi kwimpilo yabantu kwi-smoking smoke. Kuze kube yimhla, iikhemikhali ezingaphezulu kwama-250 ezinetyhefu kunye nama-70 aconicogic compounds ziye zachongwa kwicuba kunye nosiyi wocuba.
ILizwi
Kuye kwacatshulwa kakuhle ukuba akukho nqanaba elikhuselekileyo lokuchasana nomsi wecuba. Oku kuyinyani nokuba kungenjani ifomu lecuba. Ababhemayo nabangabhemiyo bajongene nemingcipheko kwimpilo yabo xa bephefumula ngentlaka yomsiya.
Ukuba ungumtshayi ozama ukufumana enye indlela "enempilweni" kwiigayibhethi, yazi ukuba kuphela okukhethiweyo kukuzikhupha ngokutsha.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuyeka ngokuphumelelayo . Ukugqithiswa kweNicotine kukugqilaza, kwaye ukuyeka ukulukhuni kunzima , kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenze ngoku ukuyeka kwaye uchithe umda wokulutha ubeka ubomi bakho. Abanye baye bakwenza kwaye unako, nawe.
Imithombo:
American Cancer Society. Iikhemikhali ezinobungozi kwimveliso yoTuba. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Apreli 5, 2017.
IBritish Medical Journal. Iziphumo zeMpilo yePayipi vs Cigarette Ukubhema. 2011.
AmaZiko eZiko lezeMpilo. Umbutho wePayipi kunye neCigar Usetyenziso lweeCotinine Levels, Umsebenzi wokuLungiswa kunye nokuKhutshwa koMoya: IsiFundo seSigqeba. Fe bruwari 16, 2010.
US Food and Drug Administration. Umbhobho woTuba. Ukuhlaziywa ngoMeyi 17, 2017.