Iikhemikhali ezinobuthi kwiiCigarettes
I-tar yokubhebha iyigama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza amaqhekeza ekhemikhali enobungozi asele emva kokutshisa iteksi. Le nkunkuma ibumba intsalela ebomvu okanye ephuzi. Akufani neetata ezisetyenziselwa kwimihlaba yendlela.
Ugwayi uyaziwa ngeengozi ezintathu ezinkulu: i-nicotine, i-tar kunye ne-carbon monoxide. I-Nicotine yikhemikhali ebangela ukuba umlutha kodwa i-tar ejongene nemingcipheko yempilo enkulu, kubandakanywa ezininzi iintlobo zomhlaza.
Imiphumo emibi
Ngokutsho kweNational Cancer Institute, umsi wocuba uqukethe iikhemikhali ezingama-7,000. Uninzi lufumaneka kwi-tar eveliswa ngokutshaya umsila. Amakhulu amabini anamashumi amahlanu eekhemikhali-kuquka i-carbon monoxide, i-ammonia kunye ne-hydrogen cyanide-ayaziwa ngokuba yingozi kubantu abatshitshisiweyo kunye nabantu abachazwa ngumsi womsi. Phakathi kwabo, abangama-69 ayaziwa ngokuba nomhlaza.
I-tar kwindawo yokubhema i-cigaretti iyakha ngaphakathi kwimiphunga njengoko ikhutshwe. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, umphunga omnyama obomvu uphenduka obomvu kwaye ekugqibeleni uba mnyama njengokuba i-tar eninzi iqokelela.
Umphumo oyintloko kukuba i-tar iphazamisa kwaye ingagcina ibulale i-cilia kwimiphunga. I-Cilia zizinto ezincinci, ezinjengeenwele ezinjenge-trachea. Basiza ukunqamla umngcipheko, kodwa xa bekhubazekile, iibhoksi kwi-tar zihamba zijonge kwimiphunga. Ezinye zalezi zitshefu ziyakhululwa xa uphumelela okanye uphelelwe ngaphandle, kodwa ezinye zihlala kwaye zihlale emaphaphu, apho zingabangela khona umonakalo.
I-tar ayithinti nje imiphunga yakho, nangona kunjalo. Ukusuka apho, iibhox zingathathwa kwigazi kwaye ziqale ukuthuthela kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho. Ziyakuchaphazela zonke iziko emzimbeni wakho nangaphezulu komdlavuza, zingakhokelela kwisifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, kwaye sinokuchaphazela ukuzala.
Uphawu olubonakalayo lwetaha yecuba luyi-yellow-brown spot on the finger and teeth.
Ngenxa yokuba umsi ukhankanywa ngokuthe ngqo emlonyeni, i-tar ingabangela ukuba izifo zesisu kunye nomhlaza womlomo nazo.
'Ukukhanya' Iicigarettes Azinalonda
Okokucoca ii-cigarettes kwandiswa okokuqala ngawo-1950 xa kwaxelwa ukuba i-tar ecuba yahlanganiswa nomngcipheko okhulayo womhlaza wemiphunga. Ingcamango yayiyifayile yokucoca i-tar kunye ne- nicotin residues eziyingozi, kodwa i-design ayizange isebenze kunye nethemba. Uninzi lwama-toxin lusebenzela ngaphakathi nangaphakathi kwimiphunga ye-smoker, ebenzibeka kwimingcipheko yesifo esichaphazelekayo .
Namhlanje, izichazi "zokukhanya," "ezantsi," kunye "ezintle" kwiibhile zokubhema azivumelekanga eMelika. Iigarettes ezinezinga elincinane leetata zibizwa ngokuba yi "cigarettes" eziphantsi. Oku kwenziwa ukwenjenjalo ukuba ababhemayo bangacingi ngokungahambi kakuhle ukuba le micimbi ye-cigaretti iphilile kunokuba iigarethi eziqhelekileyo.
Iifayile kwi-cigarettes ezithengileyo eziphantsi zineembobo ezingaphezulu kunezihlungi eziqhelekileyo. Oku akubonakali ukwenza into entle kuba abaninzi ababhemayo bayawafihla ngokukhawuleza xa bephethe ugwayi.
Ngokutsho kwamaziko okuLawula nokuLawula (i-CDC), uphando lubonisile ukuba umngcipheko womdlavuza wemiphunga kubashushu uyafana nokuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba icuba okanye i-cigarettes ehlawulayo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ababhemayo baya kubumba ngakumbi kwaye batshise i-cigarettes ezithengileyo eziphantsi ukufumana umlinganiselo ofanayo we-nicotine efumaneka kwiigarethi eziqhelekileyo.
Ukongezelela, ababhemayo banokujamelana nomngcipheko omkhulu womdlavuza wamaphaphu kunabantu abangazange bashiye okanye batshaye abayekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bafuna ukubhema.
Umsi wesithathu
Kule minyaka, kukho intetho eninzi ngomsi wesithandi. Ukuba kwindawo ephethe abantu ababhemayo uye waboniswa ukuba kukhokelela kwizifo ezininzi kunye neyimbangela yokubetha kwabangabhemi. Akuyena kuphela umonakalo, nangona kunjalo.
Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zachonga iingozi ezongezelelweyo ezibandakanyeka kwiindawo zokuhlala zogwayi ezihlala kwindawo ezivaliweyo apho kugcinwa khona iiguba, iicigars, iipayipi kunye nokugqwala.
Lo mngcipheko wezempilo ubizwa ngokuba ngumsi wesithathu.
I-tar yokubheja kunye nomsi womnye umntu unomxholo ofanayo. Ngoku kuyaqondwa ukuba i-toxins ebomvu, i-tacky eyashiywe emva komsi odwetshwe kwi-filters ye-cigarettes ibuye ihlale phezu kwayo kwaye ihlale ibeka. Ukongezelela kwiimvenge ezenza i-tar, i-smoke yomntu wesithathu ifake iikhemikhali ezihlala emoyeni ixesha elide emva kokuba icuba libheke.
I-Thirdhand umsi uyingozi kumntu wonke odibana naye. Kuyonomngcipheko kubantwana abancinci abanokuthi bathinte iindawo ezinobumba kunye nokubeka iminwe emilonyeni yabo.
Iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo
- I-Tar ikhona kuyo nayiphi na into yokubheya itshiswa. Inqanaba lentlanzi liyakhula njengoko into etshiswayo. Ukugqothuka kokugqibela kwisigarethi kungabandakanya ubuninzi be-tar njengenkunzi yokuqala.
- I-Tar kwi-cigarette yomsi iyaphazamisa i-cilia emaphaphini kwaye igalelo kwizifo zemiphunga ezifana ne-emphysema, i-bronchitis engapheliyo nomhlaza wamaphaphu.
- Ukuxinwa kwe-tar kwi-cigarette inquma ukulinganiswa kwayo. I-cigarettes ephezulu (rhoqo okanye epheleleyo-ithabisi) iqulethe i-milligrams ezili-15 (mg) okanye ngaphezulu kwe-tar. I-cigarettes ephakathi kwe-tar (ukukhanya) yayine-6 ukuya kwi-15 mg, kwaye i-tar (i-extra-light or ultra-light) ene-tar (i-extra-light) okanye i-ultra-light) equkethe i-1 ukuya kwi-6 mg ye-tar.
- Umyinge we-tar e-cigarettes wanciphisa ukusuka ku-38 mg (no-2.7 mg nicotine) ngo-1954 ukuya kwi-12 mg ye-tar kunye ne-0.95 mg ye-nicotine. Ihlala kuloo nqanaba namhlanje.
ILizwi
Ihagi ye-cigaretti inetyhefu kunye ne-carcinogen kwaye ikhona apho kukho umsi womsila. Indlela engcono yokususa le ngxaki ebomini bakho kunye nabo ubathandayo kukuphepha izindawo zangaphakathi (kuquka iimoto) apho icuba libhema khona.
Ukuba utshaya, cinga ukuyeka. Xa ulungele, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoncedo ezikhoyo ukukunceda ekuhambeni.
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. I-Yi-Yield Cigarettes. 2017.
> Matt GE, et al. Xa Ababhemayo beyeka: Ukubonakaliswa kweNicotine kunye neCarogogens Kusuka kwi-Thirdhand Intuthuko yokungcola. Ulawulo loTuba. 2016; 26 (5): 548-556. i-doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053119.
> INational Cancer Institute. Icuba loTuba. 2018.
> INational Cancer Institute. Iingxowa zeCigarette ukuSuba nokuNcedo lwezeMpilo zokuLahla. 2017.
> Isebe lezeMpilo laseMzantsi Afrika kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu. Imiphumo yezeMpilo yoTshishino-iminyaka engama-50 yenkqubela phambili: Ingxelo yeGqirha Jikelele. 2014.