Uninzi lwabantu, ababhemayo kunye nabangabhemiyo, bayamangalisa ukuva ukuba umsi we-cigarette uqulethe i-particle. Okuyikrakra ngakumbi kukuba xa ixilisiwe, ezi ntlukwano zifake kwimiphunga kwaye zihlale apho.
I-Lead-210 (i-Pb-210) kunye ne-polonium-210 (i-Po-210) inetyhefu enesisindo esinokusasaza, esenza ukuba uphando lube ngumoya wocuba.
Ziziphi na zivelaphi na?
Ukuqonda i-Lead-210 nePolonium-210
Xa i-uranium, i-ore eyenzeka ngamanani amancinci kwimvelo, iyaphuka, i-radium ikhutshwa njengegesi ye-radon kwi-atmospheric. Xa oko kwenzeka, i-radon igesi iyaphela ngokukhawuleza, ivelise i-lead-210 (Pb-210) kunye ne-polonium-210 (i-Po-210), insimbi ene-radioactive (ezaziwa ngokuba yimveliso ye-radon).
I-gason ye-Radon yiyona yesibini ibangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ebiza abantu abangama-21,000 e-United States minyaka yonke. Ukutshaya i-cigarette ngowokuqala, kunye nama-158,080 ubomi abalahlekelwa ngumhlaza wamaphaphu minyaka yonke e-US
I-radesi yegesi ekhishwe emhlabathini inokungena kwizakhiwo ngokuqhekeka kwisiseko. Le nkxalabo emakhaya apho sichitha ixesha lethu elide. Ukuba ukhathazeke ngegesi ye-radon, jonga ukuba umoya uhlolwe ekhaya kwaye, ukuba ulungile kwi-radon, ubeka umlinganiselo wokuvalela endaweni.
I-Radium nayo ikhona kwi-phosphate fertilizer edlalwa rhoqo ekufakeni iifodya kunye negalelo kumanqwenyana asebenzayo asebenzayo kunye nezityalo zecuba.
Njani iNkokeli-210 kunye nePolonium-210 Yifumana kwiTuba
Njengoko i-radium emhlabeni ngokujikeleza icuba ikhupha i-radon gas, iincinci ezincinci kunye ne-polonium zihamba zikhululekile kwaye zinamathele kwizibonda zothuli eziqhutyelwa phezulu kumagqabi ecuba.
Ezi zinhlayiya ezinomathotholo zidibanisa nocuba ngeenkulungwane zeenwele ezilungileyo ezimboza umgangatho wezantsi lwamacembe.
Ngaloo ndlela, i-radiation isuswa kwintsimi ukuya kwisityalo sokucoca.
Kanye apho, amaqabunga ecuba ahlamba, kodwa kuba i-Lead-210 kunye ne-polonium-210 zitshatyalaliswa emanzini, iinqununu zisuswanga. I-Lead-210 kunye ne-polonium-210 zikhoyo kwiimveliso zogqirha ezigqityiweyo eziphuma kubathengi. Kwimeko yecuba, la maqhekeza anee-radioactive ekugqibeleni afumana ikhaya kwiimiphunga ezibhema.
Kwiphononongo epapashwe kwi-American Journal of Health Health, abaphandi bahlalutye amaxwebhu angaphezulu kwama-1500 e-shishino. Bafumene ulwazi olubonisa ukuba imboni yazi malunga neengozi ezinxulumene ne-polonium kwi-cigarettes iminyaka engaphezu kwe-40. Bafihla uphando lwabo ukuze bagcine uluntu emnyama malunga ne-radioactivity kwi-cigarettes.
Yintoni Eyenzekayo Xa Ukhupha Iimitha Zomlilo?
Njengoko umntu obhemayo ephefumula umsi wecuba, uhola-210 kunye ne-polonium-210 "bamba" kwi- tar yecarrette eqokelela kwiimbambano zendima zomoya ngaphakathi kwimiphunga ebizwa ngokuthi i-bronchioles.
Izifundo zibonise ukuba kukho i-210 kunye nepolonium-210 ekwakhiwe kule ndawo kwaye emva kwexesha kuvelisa amabala atshisayo asebenzayo. Ngokukodwa, i-polonium-210 ikhupha i-al-radiation, engayonakalisa kakhulu iDNA.
Inhaling lead-210 kunye ne-polonium-210 yinto ebalulekileyo yengozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kuba ukwakhiwa kweengqungquthela zomsakazo emiphakeni yabokubhema kubangele kwaye kuzinzile.
Izaphulo ezixhamle emzimbeni zilinganiswa kwiiyunithi ezibizwa ngokuba ziintlanga. Uphando lubonisile ukuba i-rads ezili-15 ze-polonium kwiiliti zobhabhi zingabangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Oko kufikelela malunga neyesihlanu yeengcambu ezixhaswa ngumntu otshaya obetha iipakethi ezimbini ngosuku ngeminyaka engama-25.
Izazinzulu zikhangele kwiimfucu zamaphaphu abafayo abaye bafa ngumhlaza wamaphaphu bafumanisa ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi, ama-80 ukuya kuma-100 e-polonium-210 aqokelele kwiisishu.
Umsi wesibhakabhaka unomsocoko, Njalo
Nabani na ophefumula umsi womsiza owenza imiphunga yakhe ibe yinyithi enobuthi enobuthi ehambelana nokubangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu kubashushu.
Ngokumalunga nama-7,330 ukufa komhlaza wemiphunga e-United States namhlanje kubangelwa ngumsi wesibini.
Ngaphezu koko, ezi zidakamizwa zimbini nje zamakhulu ezinokhesi kunye / okanye iikhemikhali zamakhemikhali ezikhoyo ngomsi wecuba.
Musa ukulibala malunga neTekisi kwi-Thirdhand smoke
Umsi wesithathu ngumsi wecala lokutshisa umsi wocuba ohlala emoyeni uze uhlale phezu kweendawo ezikulo. Ihamba nayo yonke inkunkuma eyoyiyo eyingozi eyenziwa ngumsi kunye nomshushu wesibini, kwaye iyisongelo esithile kubantwana abancinci, abanokuthi bathinte imibala engcolileyo baze bafake iminwe yabo emilonyeni yabo.
I-Polonium-210 ayikwazi ukuxhamla emzimbeni ukususela kwi-skin entact okanye membranes. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yomsi wesibindi, inobungozi xa i-inhaled, kunye nomsi wesithathu, xa utywala.
ILizwi
Kuza kube namhlanje, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa amakhemikhali angama-7 000 , kuquka ama-250 anetyhefu kunye nama-70 e-carcinogenic, i-cigarettes kunye nomsi wecuba. Ezinye iikhemikhali ziveliswa ngumlilo, ezinye zidibanisi ukuba abakhiqizi becuba basebenzise ukuchaphazela ukunambitha, ixesha lokutshisa kunye nokunye.
Ugwayi ujongene nokufa kwabangaphezu kwama-440,000 eMelika ngamnye ngonyaka. Ehlabathini lonke, elo nani liphakama ukuya kwizigidi ezi-6, kubandakanywa ngaphezu kwesigamu sezigidi ezingabhemiyo abaye babhalwa ngumsi wesibini.
Iibhoksi kwi-cigarettes kunye nomsi we-cigaretta kubangela iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza, isifo senhliziyo kunye neCOPD. Izaphulo zidlala indima ebulalayo.
Akukho nqanaba elikhuselekileyo lokutshatyalaliswa komsi wecuba. Ukuba awuyiyo ukutshaya, kodwa ukhangele umsi we-cigaretti kwiindawo ezifihliweyo, ujamelana nobungozi obufanayo ababhemayo, kuquka umhlaza wesifo samaphaphu kunye nezinye i-cancer ezihlobene nokubhema. Hlala kude nomsi wecuba. Yaye ukuba utshaya, into enokuzilungela yona yinto yokuyeka .
Funda into onokuyilindela xa uyeka ukutshaya kunye nento ongayenza ukuze unciphise ukuphazamiseka okuza kuhoxiswa nicotine l. Kwakhona, fumana iqela lokuxhasa. Akukho nto ilungileyo kunokuba uncedo kunye noqhagamshelwano oluza xa udibanisa nabantu abaqondayo oko uhambayo xa uyeka ukutshaya.
Nantsi ingezantsi: musa ukwesaba ukuyeka kwaye ungawushiyi. Ngokukhawuleza uqalise, ingaphantsi komonakalo kwimpilo yakho.
Imithombo:
I-American Lung Association. Iphepha leMhlaza yeLung Cancer. Ukuhlaziywa ngoNovemba 3, 2016.
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. Ukukhupha Isibhulu Esilele: Impendulo yoshishini loTuba kuPolonium-210 Issue. Septemba 2008.
Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. Polonium Factsheet .
Arhente yo Khuselo. Izaphulo kwiFuba. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 5, 2016.
AmaZiko eZiko lezeMpilo. Isiko seSizwe soLwazi lweBiotechnology. I-Alpha-Radiation Dose kwiBronchial Bifurcations of Smokers esuka kwi-Indoor Exposition to Radon Progeny.