I-Side Side ye-Bipolar Disorder
Ukuze kuhlolwe ingxaki ye-bipolar, isigulane kufuneka sibe nembali yenkqantosi enkulu yenkxalabo okanye ibe nye ngexesha lokuxilongwa. Kufuneka kubekho nembali okanye i- manic yangoku okanye isiqephu se-hypomanic . I- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (DSM-IV-TR) iqulethe uluhlu lweempawu ezithile ezinokuthi zikhoyo kwaye zicacise imithetho emininzi malunga nalezo zimpawu.
Okokuqala, iimpawu kufuneka ziqhubekeki ubuncinane kwiiveki ezimbini (ngokuqinisekileyo, zihlala zihlala zininzi, zide kakhulu). Ukongeza, ubuncinane enye yeempawu ezimbini zokuqala ezibhalwe ngezantsi kufuneka zibe khona; ubuncinane ezintlanu okanye ngaphezulu kwazo zonke iimpawu ezibalwe kufuneka zibe khona.
Iimpawu zengqungquthela ejongayo
Iimpawu ezidweliswe kwi-DSM-IV-TR ukuba ugqirha uya kujonga zi:
- Imoya ecinezelekileyo kakhulu emini, phantse yonke imihla, ngelixesha elibini leveki ezimbini. Imiva yokudabuka, ukungabikho nto, ukungathembeki okanye ukudandatheka, okanye ukukhala ngenxa yesizathu esicacileyo kungabikwa ngumntu okanye kwintsapho kunye nabahlobo. Nangona ukucasula kubhalwe njengempawu yoxinezeleko kubantwana kodwa kungengabantu abadala, kusekho into yokuba abantu abadala banokuba neentlungu ezingenangqondo, abaphambene nomnqweno.
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kwizinto ezininzi okanye zonke izinto eziqhelekileyo ezonwabileyo, eziqhubekayo iintsuku ezininzi malunga nosuku. Umzekelo, umntu othanda ukuthatha uhambo uya kuqala ukuhlala ekhaya; Umntu othanda imiboniso ethile yethelevishini uyabalinda ngaphandle kwentshiseko okanye akayi kuvula iTV; umntu othanda ukupheka ngoku akakwazi ukuxhatshazwa kwaye ubambelela ukutya kwi-microwave.
Isikhumbuzi: Esinye sezibonakaliso ezimbini zokuqala zengqondo kufuneka zibe khona kwisiqhelo esicinezelayo sokufunyanwa. Emva koko, ngaphezu koko, ezintathu ukuya kwezine kwezi zilandelayo mpawu zifuna ukuba khona:
- Ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa ukutya kweentsuku ezininzi, okanye ukwanda okwenyuka okanye ukunciphisa ubunzima ngaphezu kwenyanga (ngaphezu kwe-5% yesisindo somzimba).
- Ukuqhawula okanye i-hypersomnia phantse yonke imihla (ubunzima bokulala, okanye ukulala kakhulu).
- Ukukhathazeka okungaqhelekanga okanye ukungazinzi okanye OKUNOKUNGENZISA kunye nokudideka kunye / okanye ukudideka kwintetho phantse yonke imihla (i- psychomotor agitation or retardation delay ).
- Ukukhathala okanye ukulahlekelwa kwamandla phantse yonke imihla. Oku kungathabatha ifom yokukhathala kakhulu ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla njengemisebenzi yasendlini, okanye ukungabi namandla okuya emsebenzini. Kungaba nzima kakhulu kwaye kungakhubaza.
- Imiva yokungento kwaye / okanye iimvakalelo zecala ezigqithiseleyo okanye ezingahambelani nantoni na umntu ongaxinezelekanga uya kuziva enetyala ngaye. Kwakhona, oku kufuneka kwenzeke phantse yonke imihla ngeli xesha leveki ezimbini.
- Ingxaki ingqwalasela kunye / okanye yenza izigqibo phantse yonke imihla. Ngokomzekelo, umqeshwa uxelelwe ukuba enze isicwangciso sokufumana umsebenzi womsebenzi ongenakho ukukwazi ukuvavanya imeko ngokufanelekileyo okanye ukwenza nayiphi na igqibo malunga nayo.
- Iingcinga eziphindaphindiweyo zokufa okanye zokufa; ukucinga ukuzibulala ngaphandle kokwenza isicwangciso ( iinjongo zokuzibulala ); ukuzama ukuzibulala okanye ukwenza izicwangciso zokuzibulala.
Izinto ezilawulayo isiqendu esixakekayo
Ukuba isigulane sineempawu ezintlanu okanye ezingaphezu kwezi zilapha ngasentla, kubandakanywa enye yeyokuqala ezimbini, kukho ezinye izinto ezinokuthi zilawule isiqendu esicinezelekileyo okanye ziza kubakho ukuxilongwa okuhlukile.
- Iimpawu akufanele zibangelwe yizinto ezinjengezilwanyana ezingekho mthethweni okanye amayeza.
- Iimpawu azikwazi ukubangelwa imeko yonyango, njengengxaki ye-thyroid, i- lupus , okanye i-vitamin deficiency.
- Iimpawu zeengqondo (i- hallucinations kunye / okanye ukukhohliswa ) zingenzeka kwixinzelelo olubi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimpawu ziyaxhamla ( okungukuthi, azinxulumene nantoni na ebomini bomntu), esinye isifo singasifumana. Eminye yezinto ezinokwenzeka ziyi- schizophrenia , i- schizoaffective disorder , i-schizophreniform disorder, kunye ne-disorderal disorder.
- Ukuba iimpawu zokudandatheka zikhona ubuninzi bexesha eliyiminyaka emibini, kodwa abazihlangabezi ngokwaneleyo kwezi khankanywe ngasentla ngenqaku elidityanisayo, isigulane sinokuthi sifumaneke sine-dysthymia. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwesigulane luyi-dysthymic kwaye naye uneengqungquthela ze-hypomanic, isigulane sinokuthi sifumane i-cyclothymia .
- Iimpawu azikho ngcono ngenxa yokushonelwa ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ngumthandayo.
- Iimpawu azibandakanyi nazo eziza kubakho ukuxilongwa kwesiganeko esixubekileyo, esichazwe njengokuba senziwa kuphela kwi-bipolar I disorder kwaye iqulethe iimpawu zomntu kunye nokudandatheka.
Ukunyamezela ngokumalunga ne-Hypomanic okanye iMicisodes
Olunye uphando lubonise ukuba ukudakumba kukuphindwe kathathu ngaphezu kwe-mania kwi-bipolar I-disorder, kwaye olunye uphando lufumanisa ukuba ngaphezu kwenkcubeko yemvelo ye-bipolar II disorder, ixesha elichitha ixesha lokuxinezeleka lalifikelela kumaxesha angama-39 ngaphezulu kunexesha elichithwe hypomania.
Imithombo:
Umbutho we-Psychiatric Association, i-DSM-IV-TR. Wesi-4. Washington, DC: RR Donnelly & Son, 2000.
Judd LL, Akiskal HS, Schettler PJ, et al. Imbali yexesha elide lemvelo yesimo sempawu zevekilar's disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59: 530-537
Judd LL, Akiskal HS, Schettler PJ, et al. Ufuna ukuphanda imbali yendalo yenkcazelo yexesha elide elibonakalayo le-bipolar II. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60: 261-269