Ingxaki yokuchasene neengxaki (ODD) yintlupheko yesifo esivame ukuvela ebuntwaneni kwaye inokuhlala ikhulile.
Iimpawu zeODD
Abantwana abane-ODD iimpawu zokuziphatha ezinzima kubazali nootitshala. Umzekelo, babonisa ubundlobongela kunye nokuziphatha kakubi. Ngokuqhelekileyo banenkinga yokusebenzisana ngokufanelekileyo neontanga nabadala.
Ubunzima nobukhulu beengxaki zabo zokuziphatha kubangela ubunzima ekhaya nasezikolweni. Aba bantwana bahlala behlulwa yiingxaki zokufunda eziphathelele ekuziphatheni kwabo. Ukuba yingxabano kunye noxhatshazo yingxaki eqhelekileyo kula bantwana. Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-ODD ziquka:
- Ukunyamezela ngokunyanisekileyo
- Ukucaphukisa kalula
- Ukucaphukisa abanye
- Ukuxhamla kunye nomsindo ongenakuvuthwa
- Ukungathobelani kunye nezicelo ezilula
- Ayikho ingqiqo
- Ukukhohlisa
- Kubangela ingxabano
Abantwana abaneempawu eziqhubekayo, ezinzima ziyakwazi ukuba ne-ODD kwaye zifanele zihlolwe ngunyango wezifo zengqondo. Akucaci oko kubangela i-ODD. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlanganiswa kwengqondo yabantwana kunye nokuphendula kwabazali kungabangela ukuba kuphuhliswe. Ubunzima kwimisebenzi yosapho lunokuba negalelo.
Izinyango kunye neNkqubo yokuLawula
Kubalulekile ukuba ukungenelela kuqale ngokukhawuleza kunye nala bantwana.
Unyango luhlala luquka ukucebisa kunye neyeza. Uqeqesho lwabazali ekulawuleni ukuziphatha lunokuba luncedo. Kuya kubaluleka ukuba umgulana womntwana asebenze ngokusondeleyo kunye nabazali kunye nootitshala ukuqinisekisa ukuphumelela kwenkqubo yokonyango kuba ubuchule bokuziphatha obusebenza kunye nabantwana abaninzi bungafanelekanga nabantwana abane-ODD.
Abantwana abane-ODD bahlala benomnqweno wokuba abazali nabaxhamli nabaxhamli kwaye baya kuphazamiseka ukukhupha impendulo engalunganga. Kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo ukusetha imithetho ekulindelekileyo ecacileyo kwaye uyisebenzise ngokufanayo. Ukuba nesisemgangathweni kunokunceda abantwana ba-ODD bakwazi ukujamelana nemisebenzi yasekhaya njengokuguquka ukusuka ekudleni ukuya emsebenzini ukuya ekhaya. Ukusebenzisa imithetho kunye neendlela ezilandelelanayo ngokubalulekayo kwaye zibalulekile ngenxa yoko.
Nika umntwana ngamathuba okuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi efana nemidlalo okanye izinto ezithandwayo azithandayo. Qinisekisa kwaye uhlawule ngokuziphatha okulungileyo. Xa uzama ukutshintsha iingxaki zokuziphatha, gxininisa kwiingxaki zokuziphatha ezibalulekileyo kuqala, ukuthetha kuphela ezimbalwa ngexesha. Njengoko ubona ukuphucula kwezo ziphatha, yongeza ezitsha zokugxila ekuphuculeni. Beka imiphumo efanelekileyo yokudala imiphumo emibi, kwaye uyisebenzise ngokufanayo. Nika izikhokelo ngolwimi olucacileyo, olulula.
Ukuba umntwana uyasabela kwiinkqubo zokulawula ukuziphatha, sebenzisa izitikiti, iimpawu, okanye ishadi lokuziphatha ukubonisa inkqubela phambili kwiinjongo zokuziphatha. Vumela umntwana ukuba achaze umvuzo afuna ukuwuzuza. Njengoko umntwana ubonisa impumelelo, nikela ukuqinisa njengento yokuchitha ixesha kumsebenzi okhethwayo, indumiso yesandi, imivuzo enokutya okanye izinto ezivela kwibhokisi lebhaso.
Ukuba umntwana unomdla wokwenza okungafaniyo noko ufuna ukuba akwenze, thintela ukunika udumo oluchanekileyo olungabangela ukuziphatha kakubi. Ngokomzekelo, uthi, "Ndiyathanda indlela ogcina ngayo izandla zakho kuwe," inokuyichukumisa umntwana ukuba abe nobudlova. Gwema ukuphikisana okanye ukufundisa umntwana, kwaye uzame ukugcina umsindo wakho phantsi kolawulo. Gwema ukuvumela umntwana ukuba akubone unomsindo, njengoko oku kungamvuza.
Ukusebenzisa i-tone-of-fact ithoni yezwi ngaphandle kwemvakalelo, khankanya nje umgaqo ophukileyo kunye nokuba zeziphi iimiphumo. Qiniseka kwaye ugweme ukufumana ingxabano yezwi kunye nomntwana ngenxa yeziphumo okanye oko kwenzeka.
Vumela umntwana ukuba abe nendawo yokuzityhaxisa. Nika umlotha ujezise okanye ungene.
Xa umntwana esebenzisana nabanye, qiniseka ukuba kukho ulawulo olwaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho iya kunyanzeliswa, kwaye abadala banokumnceda asebenzisane ngokufanelekileyo. Kunokukunceda ukuba umcebisi wesikolo asebenze kunye noontanga ukuba abancede bafunde ukuphendula ngokufanelekileyo kwimilinganiselo yomntwana. Uqeqesho olusesikweni kwezakhono zentlalo lunokusebenza ekuncedeni umntwana kunye ne-ODD ukuba asebenze kunye noontanga kunye nabantu abadala.
Ngaba Abantwana Bayazuza?
Isalathiso sokubuyisela kwi-ODD asicacanga. Abanye abantwana baya kukhula kwaye iimpawu zengxaki ziya kuncipha zibe ngabantu abadala. Abanye baya kuthwala i-disorder ukuba babe ngabantu abadala. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziyinkimbinkimbi zaba bantwana kuya kufuna ukuba intsebenziswano yabazali kunye nabasebenzi besikolo kunye nabaqeqeshi bezempilo yengqondo. Umsebenzi osebenzayo, umzamo oqhubekayo ekhaya kunye nesikolo kuya kuphucula amathuba okuba aba bantwana, ngakumbi xa kungenelela ngoncedo.