Izibonakaliso zekliniki zengqungquthela ecindezelekileyo zichazwe ngokucacileyo kwi- DSM-IV-TR , eyona ncwadi yesifo sengqondo. Kodwa zonke iimpawu zomntu zokudakumba ziyakwazi ukuhluka, nangona iziganeko eziqhelekileyo zikwabelwana ngazo.
Xa umntu eneqoqo leempawu kunye neempawu, kwaye aqhubeka iiveki ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, unokufumanisa ukuba unengxaki enkulu yokudandatheka okanye, ukuba umntu ufumana i-mania okanye i-hypomania, i-bipolar disorder. Makhe sijonge kwiimpawu ezisixhenxe zemihla ngemihla yokudakumba, ezithathwa njengeqela, zikhokelela kwenye yezi ngxaki ezifunyaniswayo. Siza kusebenzisa abalinganiswa abane: uYohn, uTina, Andy, noLorna. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula engqondweni : UAndy uye wafumana i- mania kunye neTina hypomania . Ngamnye uya kuba neempawu ezizodwa, ezikhokelela ekuxilongeni kwezinto ezahlukeneyo - ngoko ekupheleni kweli nqaku, unokufumana ukuba zeziphi izibalo ezine ezifunyaniswe ukuba nazo.
1 - Mood Low
Nangona uYohane esho nje ukuba uxinezelekile, abanye bachaza indlela abavakalelwa ngayo. UTina uziva edabukisayo ixesha elide kwaye akazi ukuba kutheni. Indlela kaAndy yokuchaza ngayo kukuba uvakalelwa engenanto ngaphakathi, okanye ngamanye amaxesha ubomi bakhe bungekho. Kwaye u-Lorna akathethi nto, kodwa intsapho yakhe ibona ukuba uyayiphalaza kwaye ikhala kakhulu.
Oko bakuchazayo konke kuvela phantsi kwesihloko seklinikhi "sokudandatheka," kodwa ngamnye wabo uvakalelwa ngaloo ndlela.
2 - Ukulahlekelwa kweNxaxheba kwimisebenzi
UJohn uyisigqeba esiphezulu esiphezulu esivame ukunyamezela emsebenzini owenzayo. Kodwa ngoku akanandaba. Ulahlekelwa ixesha elide. Akayi kubuyisela yonke ikhwelo yakhe okanye aphendule yonke i-imeyile yakhe. Esikhundleni sokusebenza, udlala i-computer solitaire kangangoko anakho.
Uthando lukaTina luvandlakanyo lwangaphandle. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uhamba ngeekhilomitha ezintlanu ngamaxesha ambalwa ngeveki, uya kuhamba okanye uhambo lweeveki ngeeveki, kwaye uthatha ikhefu apho angakreqa okanye ahambe ekhwela ngedwala. Kodwa ngexesha lokudakumba, uhlala ekhaya. Ukuba uyaphuma ukuhamba, uyayichitha.
U-Andy, ubomi bukho konke ngokuzibandakanya. Unika amaqela ngokuphindaphindiweyo, uya kubo ngakumbi, kwaye ukuba akukho phathi ebusuku obunikwe, uhlangana kunye nabahlobo. Kodwa ngoku uguqula umemo, okanye uyawamkela aze angabonakali. Indlu yakhe, ngokuqhelekileyo imodeli yokucoceka kuba ibonakaliswa rhoqo, ikhula ikhula. Uhamba ngqo ekhaya emva komsebenzi kwaye akenzi nto into.
ULorna, umenzi wendlu, uhlala eqhayisekile endlwini yakhe nasegadi. Kodwa kulo nyaka izityalo azithengiweyo azange zihlwayelwe kwintsimi yakhe, ikhitshi yakhe ayizange ihlanjwe kwiiveki, kwaye izitya zifakwa kwiqula ngoba engakhange azincede ukuba athathe abahlambulukileyo ngaphandle idayishwasher iintsuku eziliqela.
Zonke izifundo zethu zifumana iintlobo zabo zeempawu zeclini "ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kwimisebenzi eyenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo."
Ukuze umntu afunyaniswe ukuba unexinzelelo olukhulu okanye uxinzelelo lwe-bipolar, kufuneka abe neengxaki ezidandathekileyo, ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kwimisebenzi abayithandayo, okanye zombini. Kwimeko yethu, zonke izifundo zethu ezine zizibonakaliso kuzo zombini iindidi.
Ukongezelela, ukuxilongwa kwesiganeko esibuhlungu, kufuneka umntu abonise ubuncinane ezintathu okanye ezine iimpawu zokudakumba kwiindidi ezisixhenxe ezilandelayo.
3 - Iingxaki Zokulala
UJohn ulele ixesha elide ngaphambi kokulala. U-Andy unenkathazo yokulala, uvuka emva kweeyure ezimbalwa aze ahlale ephaphele kwiiyure ezimbini okanye ezintathu ngaphambi kokubuya elele. Kwaye uLorna ulala iiyure ezili-12 ebusuku aze athathe iiyure ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu emini. NguTina kuphela ongenayo ingxaki ngokulala kwakhe.
Ukungazinzanga - ukugula okulukhuni-kuqhelekileyo ngexesha lokudandatheka njengoko kukuthi i-hypersomnia, yintoni eyenzekayo kuLorna.
4 - Ukutya kunye / okanye ukuguquka kwesisindo
UJohn noTina badla yonke into, kwaye uTina ufumene iipounds ezili-6 ngenyanga. UAndy akadla nto into. ULorna akazange abe naluphi utshintsho kwisisindo okanye ngesidlo.
Ezi meko - ukwanda okungavamile okanye ukunciphisa ukutya, kunye / okanye utshintsho olukhulu ekuziphatheni komzimba ngexesha lenyanga - ziquka uluhlu olulodwa lweempawu zokuxilongwa kweso sidima.
5 - Ukukhathala / Ukungabikho kwamandla
UJohn no-Andy, abanenkinga yokulala, baziva banelise ixesha elininzi. U-Lorna uvakalelwa kukuba akanalo amandla naphezu kobuthongo obufumanayo. Kodwa uTina, ongenenkathazo ngokulala kwakhe, uthi udekile kwaye akanako amandla. UJohn uye waqala ukubiza egulayo ukuba asebenze ngenxa yokukhathala kwakhe, kwaye uAndy wenza amaphutha emsebenzini ngenxa yokuba uziva ekhulile lonke ixesha.
Ukukhathala kukubonakaliswa rhoqo kwimeko yokudakumba. Ayilwanga - yinyani, kwaye inokuba nzima kakhulu. Umsebenzi olula njengokuhlambulula izitya ezingcolileyo kungabonakala kuwumgudu ongakumbi.
6 - Ukungabi nantliziyo okanye ukungahambi
Nangona uvakalelwa ukhathele, uTina akahlali. Iminwe yakhe isoloko ishaya into ethile; uya kufumana amandla amakhulu kwaye aqale ukuhlamba indlu, kodwa ukukhathala emva kwemizuzu emihlanu kuphela; uhamba ehamba phambili egumbini lokuhlala. Oku kuthiwa yi-psychomotor agitation - oko kukuthi, ukunyanzeliswa okanye ukuphazamiseka ukunyakaza okuvela kwizizathu zengqondo.
Nangona zonke izifundo zethu ziziva zinyamekile, kwaye u-Andy ngokukodwa unengxaki eyongeziweyo. Uthetha kancinci kwaye ngokuzithemba, ngamanye amaxesha ulahlekelwa ngumzila wesicatshulwa phakathi kwesivakalisi. Uhamba ngokuthe ngcembe ngaphezu kwexesha eliqhelekileyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-psychomotor delay - ukuphuculwa komzimba okubangelwa yingqondo.
Akukho John kunye noLorna abanalo nale mpawu.
7 - Ukulahleka kokuzimelela okanye ukuzithoba
ULorna usebenzisa ixesha elininzi enetyala. Ezinye zazo malunga nazo zonke izinto azenzayo, kodwa ezinye zazo zingaphezu kweepazamo azenzileyo njengomntwana kunye nomfazi oselula. Akukho nto angayenza malunga nezo mpazamo, kwaye ngenxa ye-hypersomnia kunye nokungabikho kwamandla, akukho zihlandlo ezaneleyo eziseleyo ngosuku lokuba enze yonke imisebenzi yakhe yendlu. Kodwa ityala lidla inxalenye enhle yeeyure zokunyuka kwayo nangona kunjalo.
UTina, ofumana ubunzima nokulahlekelwa yithethini ye-muscle ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla, uhlaselwa yinto enetyala malunga nayo ixesha elininzi, kodwa akakwazi ukufumana ukubuyela kumzila.
UAndy uyamzonda, eziva engento. UJohn akanalo ingxaki kule candelo.
Imvakalelo yecala ngokweqile kunye / okanye ukungabi nantoni, okanye ukuziva unetyala ngezinto ezingahambelani neemeko zakho zangoku, sisinye uphawu oluqhelekileyo lokudandatheka.
8 - Ukungabikho kokugxilwa / ukungacaluli
UJohn ufumanisa akakwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezininzi ngexesha, kanti u -Andy ufumanisa nzima kakhulu ukugxila kuyo yonke into. U-Lorna unenkxalabo enkulu ekugxininiseni ukuba uya kuhlala engqondweni engaboni i-TV iiyure.
UTina akabonakali nayiphi na imiqondiso yokugxininiswa kwehlwempu okanye ukunganakali.
Ukungabikho kokugxila kunye neengxaki zokwenza izigqibo kungabangela ingxaki enkulu. Kuba bobabini uJohn noAndy, imisebenzi yabo ingaba yingozi.
9 - Iingcinga zokufa okanye ukuzibulala
UAndy uye wazama ukuzibulala ngenxa yokuziva kwakhe. U-Lorna ucinga kakhulu malunga nendlela yakhe engcono ngayo kwintsapho yakhe eya kuba ngaphandle kwakhe kwaye ecinga umngcwabo wakhe kodwa engacingi ukuba athathe ubomi bakhe.
UJohn uye waba neengcamango ezinqwenelekayo malunga nokufuna ukuba ufile, kodwa akukho nto ebalulekileyo, kwaye uTina akazange acinge ngokufa okanye ukuzibulala.
Enoba ucinga ngokufa, ukucinga ngokuzibulala, okanye ukucwangcisa okanye ukuzama ukuzibulala, ezi zibonakaliso zokudandatheka zingabungozi.
10 - Ukubeka iiMpawu zoXinzelelo kunye kunye
Ngoku siye sithatha izifundo zethu ezine kwisigaba ngasinye sezonyango esisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga isiqhelo esichukumisayo sokuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar okanye uxinzelelo lweklinikhi. Nantsi i-recap kunye nento ekuxilongwa ngayo nganye inokwenzeka.
Iimpawu zeMpawu zoLwazi:
Iqela 1 (kufuneka libe neempawu ukusuka kwiqela elilodwa)
- Mowered Mood
- Ukulahlekelwa kweNxaxheba kwimisebenzi
Iqela 2 (kufuneka libe neempawu ukusuka kwii-3-4 iindidi)
- Iingxaki Zokulala
- Ukwandisa okanye Ukunciphisa Ukutya
- Ukukhathala / Ukungabikho kwamandla
- Ukungenasiphelo okanye ukuLungisa
- Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzimela / Ukuzigweba
- Ukungabikho kokugxininiswa / ukugxeka
- Iingcamango okanye iinzame zokuzibulala
UJohn uxinezelekile kwaye ulahlekelwe ngumdla emsebenzini wakhe. Ukongezelela, ulawule, ukwandisa ukutya, kunye nokukhathala, kwaye unenkathazo yokwenza izigqibo. Ngaloo ndlela, unezimbini zokuqala zokudandatheka kunye nezinye ezisixhenxe.
U-Lorna uphawula kwaye wakhala kakhulu ngexesha, kwaye akasayikhathalele ngezinto ezimbini ezithatha ukuzingca kwikhaya lakhe kunye nomyezo wakhe. Kwakhona ulele kakhulu, akanako amandla, uziva enetyala elingalunganga, akakwazi ukugxila, kwaye ucinga malunga noko kuya kwenzeka ntoni xa efile (bona i- Suicidal Ideation ). NjengoJohn, unempawu ezimbini zokuqala, kunye nabanye abahlanu.
Ngenxa yokuba uYohn noLorna abazange banamatherasi okanye i-hypomania ngaphambili, banokuthi bafumane ukuxinezeleka okukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni ezinye unyango ezinjengeemithi ezixhatshazwayo ezinokuthi zenze i-hypomania okanye i-mania, ziya kufuneka ziqwalaselwe iimpawu eziza kutshintsha ukuxilongwa kwesifo sengqondo se-bipolar.
U-Tina: Ubengumntu ongenayo i-hypomanic kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwaye ngoko ke unokuthi ufumane ukuxilongwa kwesifo sengqondo se-bipolar II. Njengabanye, unempawu ezivela kwiimbini ezimbini zokuqala - udixekile ixesha elide, kwaye akakwazi ukuzifumana enomdla kwiintetho zakhe ezizithandayo. Kwezinye iindidi zezibonakaliso, uhambelana ezine: ukwandisa ukondla kunye nokuzuza ubunzima, ukungabi namandla, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kunye neengxaki ezidlulayo.
U-Andy: Uye waba neengcambu zeempawu kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye ngoku ngoku ngokuqinisekileyo unesiqhelo sokudandatheka kwesifo sengqondo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ubonisa iimpawu zokudakumba, ezininzi zazo ezinzima, kuzo zonke iindidi zempawu zokuxilonga: Ukungabikho, ukulahlekelwa kwintlalo ebomini bakhe, ukulala ukuphazamiseka, ukuphelelwa kwesidlo, ukukhathala, ukuziva engento, ukuyeka ukukhathazeka kwengqondo, ukukhathazeka kwengqondo nokuzibulala umzamo.
I-11 - Yabelana ngeMpawu Zakho Zokudakumba
Njengoko sibonile, izifundo zethu uJohn, uTina, Andy noLorna zisoloko zifumanisa ukuba zinexinzelelo enkulu okanye isixinzelelo sokudandatheka kwesifo sengqondo. Zonke zinemiqondiso eyahlukileyo yoxinzelelo kwiintlobo zecandelo lesithoba kunye nemiba eyahlukeneyo yokujongana nayo.