Xa utywala, iziyobisi okanye iMithi ibangela iingxaki ezintle kunye nokusetyenziswa kweBrazil
Ukugula okungenayo i-neurocognitive disorder ngenxa yezinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweyeza kunye nenkunkuma enkulu ye-neurocognitive ngenxa yezinto eziphathekayo / ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza ngamagama e-diagnostic amabini anesifo esiphathelene neziyobisi okanye iichiza ezibangelwa yi-neurocognitive- "enkulu".
Ngokungafani neengxaki zokusebenza ngengqondo ezenzeka ngexesha lokuxiliswa okanye ngomsindo ekuseni emva kokusetyenziswa kotywala-ezidlulayo ngokukhawuleza ngokuphazamiseka kwengxaki ye-neurocognitive iyaqhubeka ibangela ingxaki ngokusebenza kwengqondo ngokuqhubekayo.
Kwabanye abantu, lunokuchaphazela ukusebenza ngokusisigxina kwansuku zonke.
Abantu abaninzi abahlaziya ingxaki ye-neurocognitive emva kokusebenzisa utywala, iziyobisi, okanye imishishini, abayiqondi ukuba baneengxaki. Intsapho kunye nabahlobo bangabokuqala ukuphawula iingxaki ngokubeka ingqalelo, bakhumbula izinto ezibalulekileyo abazifunayo ukwenza, nokucwangcisa kakuhle ukulawula ubomi babo. Enyanisweni, iingxaki abantu abaneengxaki ze-neurocognitive ebonakalayo ngenxa yeziyobisi okanye amayeza basebenzise amava banokukuncedwa kuphela yintsapho okanye abahlobo ababonelela okanye bahlele inkxaso engaphezulu komntu kwimpilo yabo yemihla ngemihla.
Ziziphi iingxaki zokuqonda?
Ukulahleka kwengqondo kuyinkathazo yokusebenza kwengqondo. Amacandelo okusebenza ngengqondo ukusuka kwingcamango ukuya kwimemori, ekulawuleni iimvakalelo ekucwangciseni ikusasa, okanye mhlawumbi ucwangcise ukutya kunye nemisebenzi yanamhlanje. Ukusebenza kwengqondo kuyadingeka ekulawuleni umzimba wakho, ukulingana, ukulungelelanisa, nokuthetha, ukunxibelelana kwazo zonke iintlobo, nokuqonda kunye nokusebenzisana nabanye abantu.
Kwaye ukuqonda abantu kunye nokwazi ukuba indima abayidlala ngayo ebomini bakho ilawulwa ngumsebenzi wengqondo.
Ngoko xa ukuphulukana kwengqondo kukhula, umntu unokukhawuleza ukufumana ubomi bunzima ukujamelana nayo, kwaye iingxaki zikwazi ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Umngcipheko omkhulu kubantu abaneembali zokusela okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi kukuba bangabuyela kule ndlela engafanelekanga yokujongana neengxaki, ukwenza umsebenzi oqhelanisiweyo ukwenze ngakumbi.
Ukulahleka kwengqondo kungenziwa njengenxalenye yengxaki yengqondo, kodwa xa bebangelwa yintsimbi okanye ukusebenzisa iyeza, kukho ukuncipha okanye ukunyuka kwamandla engqondo okwakusesikhundleni esiphakeme sokusebenza. Kukho iintlobo zeengxaki ezingenangqiqo ezinokuthi zenzeke njengenxalenye yale mqathango, kubandakanywa:
- Unzima ukubeka ingqalelo okanye ukugxila kwizinto ozenzayo okanye okwenzekayo malunga nawe
- Ubunzima "ngokusebenza okulawulayo"; izakhono ezifana nokwenza izicwangciso zexesha elizayo, ukulawula iimpembelelo zokwenza izinto ezingenokuba yingcamango enhle, ngokukodwa kwixesha elide, nokwenza izigqibo malunga nento enokubhinqa ngomhla oshisayo okanye obandayo ukulungiselela ucwangciso lwemali kwiminyaka elishumi elizayo.
- Ukufunda izakhono ezintsha-oku akuthethi nje ukufunda esikolweni, okanye izakhono zokufunda ezifana nokushayela, kodwa ukufunda izinto zansuku zonke esifanele sizenze, njengokufunda ukusebenzisa uhlobo olutsha lweeteknoloji
- Ingxaki ngokukhumbuza ulwazi-kungekhona nje ulwazi olunzima, olungabonakaliyo, kodwa ulwazi lwanamhlanje, njengenombolo yakho yefowuni, idilesi kunye nalapho ufuna khona namhlanje
- Ubunzima bokuthetha nokuthetha ngokucacileyo nabanye abantu
- Izakhono zokuqonda-indlela olawula ngayo umzimba wakho kunye nokunyakaza, nokuba yintoni into oyithathayo, njengokuhamba
- Ukuqwashiswa koluntu nokuqonda kwabanye abantu-ukususela kubantu ngokunyamekela nangokunyamekela ngokungazi ukuba ubani uzama ukunqumla
Ingaba yinto eyenzileyo okanye iNgxaki ekhoyo ngaphambili?
Xa oogqirha okanye oogqirha beengqondo banikezela ukuxilongwa kwe-neurocognitive mild disorder ngenxa yezinto eziphathekayo / ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza, bahlolisisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba iingxaki ezingenakwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba umntu asebenzise utswala, iziyobisi, okanye amayeza acingelwa ukuba uxanduva lwabo ubunzima.
Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuphazamiseka kwe-neurocognitive, kwaye ukuba iimpawu zikhona ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe izidakamizwa, loo mntu mhlawumbi akaxhatshazwa kwintlobo yesifo / ingozi eyenziwa ngumhlaza we-neurocognitive disorder, kodwa kunoko, olunye uhlobo lweengxaki ze-neurocognitive.
Kubantu abanomlando omdala wokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kunokuba nzima ukwazi okokuqala kuqala-ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye ingxaki ye-neurocognitive-kodwa oku kudla ngokunqunywa ngokuthatha imbali echanekileyo yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokusebenza kwengcamango, kunye ukulawula ngokucophelela i-detox kunye nexesha elide lokuziyeka kuzo zonke iziyobisi, iziyobisi kunye namachiza anokubangela ukuba i-disorder ibenze.
Kungekudala Emva kokuthatha iMichiza Ngaba iingxaki ze-Neurocognitive Ziyakunceda?
Kwezinye iimeko, iingxaki ze-neurocognitive zingakhula ngokukhawuleza emva kokuthatha iyeza okanye amayeza. Njengokuba ingqondo ingasebenzi ngokusemandleni ngexesha lokuxiliswa kweziyobisi kunye nokuhoxiswa , kunokuba nzima ukuba oogqirha bazi ukuba iingxaki zomntu umntu ojongene nazo zibangelwa ukuphucula okuqhelekileyo kokusebenza kwengqondo ngokuqhelekileyo emva kokusebenzisa utywala okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ixesha elide.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, izakhono zengqondo ziza kuphucula kakhulu kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuyeka ukusela okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, kwaye uqhubeke nokuphucula njengoko umntu ehamba kwinkqubo ye-detox kwiiveki ezizayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kungathatha inyanga okanye nokuba yiminyaka yokusebenza ukubuyela kwisiqhelo. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, nangona umntu ephucula, iingxaki zinokuthi ziqhubeke, kwaye ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo akunakho ukubuyela ngokugcwele.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuxilongwa koxinzelelo (kunokuba kunkulu) ingxaki ye-neurocognitive ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi / ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza, umntu uya kuhlala emele kwimisebenzi yansuku zonke, njengokuhlawula iindleko okanye ukulawula imichiza, kodwa le mi sebenzi inokuthatha umgudu ongakumbi okanye izicwangciso zokuhlawulela, okanye umntu unokufuna uncedo olongezelelweyo ukufezekisa.
Ziziphi izidakamizwa ezibangela isisombululo-Ingxaki ye-Neurocognitive Disord?
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezisengqondweni zingabangela ukugula okungenayo i-neurocognitive disorder ngenxa yobume / ukusebenzisa iyeza, kubandakanywa oku kulandelayo:
Utywala
Siyazi ngakumbi malunga neengxaki ze-neurocognitive ezinobuninzi babasebenzisi bezobisi kunokuba abanye abasebenzisi beziyobisi, kuba uphando oluthe lwaqhutyelwa kubasebenzisi beziyobisi, kunye nefuthe lotywala kwimpilo yengqondo iyaziwa.
Phantse ama-30 ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini kwabaphuza kakhulu abanesifo esithile sotywala-bangela ukuba i-neurocognitive mild disorder, ngenyanga yokuqala okanye ezimbini emva kokuba bayeke ukusela. Ezi ngxaki ziyakwazi ukuqhubeka ixesha elide kubantu abaneminyaka engama-50 okanye ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokuba bayeke ukusela. Nangona iimvavanyo zengqondo zibonisa ukuba ubuchopho babo abusebenzi ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abanalo mqathango abanako ukuqonda ukuba abanokukhubazeka, ngoko intsapho kunye nabahlobo banokubona ukuba umntu unobunzima.
Inhalants
Abantu ngezinye iinkhathi banokugula ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuxiliswa kunye nezidakamizwa ezingekho , kunye nabanye abantu-nangemva kokuyeka ukungena-inhalants-ezi ngxaki ziyaqhubeka. Ukuhlolisiswa kwabasebenzisi abangabonakaliyo kubonise ukuba abaninzi baye baphucula kakhulu emva kweminyaka emibili yokuyeka ukusetyenziswa ngokungapheliyo, kwaye abaninzi baye babuyela ekusebenzeni ngokuqhelekileyo emva kweminyaka eyi-15 yokuziyeka.
Ikhefu laliyiqela labasebenzisi abangenawo umbane abaye bahlakulela 'ukukhupha okuphambili' kwi-petroleum ehamba phambili (i-petroli) inhalation. Aba bantu baqhubeka befumana ingxaki ye-neurocognitive engabonakaliyo kwiminyaka eyi-15 emva kokuyeka ukunqanda i-petroli. Kule meko, ingxaki leyo ayinokuba yinyameko kodwa ingaba yinkulu, nto leyo ithetha ukuba amandla omntu asebenza ngokuzimela aphazamiseka kakhulu.
ICocaine
Malunga neyesithathu sabantu abasebenzisa i-cocaine isipiliyoni sengqondo esine-neurocognitive emfutshane emva kokuba bayeke i-cocaine , nabanye abantu bayaqhubeka beba nale ngxaki emva kokuba bayeke. Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba abantu abasebenzisa i-cocaine abasebenzayo benza okubi kakhulu kwiimvavanyo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokusebenza nge-neurocognitive kunabantu abaneminyaka engalingani abangasebenzisi i-cocaine, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bangakanani ubudala babo. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olufanayo lubonisa ukuba abasebenzisi be-cocaine asebekhulile benza okubi kakhulu kwiimvavanyo zemisebenzi ethile engqondweni njengesivinini se-psychomotor, ingqwalasela kunye nesikhombi esifutshane kunokuba abasebenzisi abancinci be-cocaine.
Nangona kuqhelekile kwaye kuyimvelo yokuba abantu abanamakhono okunciphisa i-neurocognitive bahla baneminyaka yobudala, ukuchithwa okuqhelekileyo kubonakala ngakumbi kubasebenzisi be-cocaine asebekhulile. Ngoko ke, abasebenzisi be-cocaine asebekhulile basengozini kakhulu kwiingxaki eziza kuba nobudala, ezifana nokukwazi ukulawula ukunyakaza kwabo, bagxila kwizinto abazenzayo noko kwenzekayo malunga nabo, kwaye bakhumbula konke okufuneka bakwenze namhlanje , kubantu abalulekileyo kunye neziganeko ebomini babo.
Methamphetamine
Njengoko i-cocaine, malunga nesithathu sabantu abasebenzisa i- methamphetamine banesifo esibuhlungu besifo se-neurocognitive, kunye neengxaki eziqhubekayo kwabanye abasebenzisi emva kokuziyeka. Iingxaki ze-neurocognitive nazo zibangelwa zizifo zengxubevange ezikhokelela ekutshatsheni okanye ukulimala kwengqondo. Ukusebenza okulawulayo kwabasebenzisi be-methamphetamine kukubi kakhulu kubantu abaye basebenzisa i-ketamine yeziyobisi.
Opioids
Amaphesenti angama-33 ukuya ku-39 abantu abasebenzisa i-opioids baneengxaki ze-neurocognitive, kwaye abanye baqhubeka beba neengxaki nangemva kokuba bayeke. Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba abantu abadala abaxhomekeke kwi-opioid banamaqondo aphakamileyo okukhubazeka kwe-neurocognitive, abaneengxaki ezinzulu zokufunda kunye nememori. Abantu ababenomlutha wotywala kunye ne-cocaine ngexesha elithile ebomini babo, kunye ne-opioids, banomonakalo omkhulu wokungaboni kakuhle, ngokukodwa kwi-executive functioning. Ngenxa yokuba ukusebenza okulawulayo kubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni izigqibo, kwaye kuba neengxaki zokufunda kunye nenkumbulo kunokuphazamisa ukuthatha ngokufanelekileyo ulwazi, abantu abanomlutha we-opioid bangadinga inkxaso eninzi yokwenza izigqibo zonyango kunabantu abaninzi.
Phencylidine
Phantse kwisithathu sabasebenzisi be-phencyclidine baneengxaki eziphakathi kwexesha emva kokuyeka, kunye neengxaki eziqhubekayo kwabanye abasebenzisi emva kokuziyeka.
Ukuxhaswa, ukuHlonipha, okanye iMithi ye-Anxiolytic
Njengoko zininzi zeentlobo zamachiza, kukho iingxaki eziphakathi kweso sesithathu sabasebenzisi bokuxhaswa, ukuchithwa, kunye namayeza enxubileyo, kunye neengxaki eziqhubekayo kwabanye abasebenzisi emva kokuziyeka. Inyaniso yokuba abaninzi abantu abasebenzisa leziyobisi bayichazwa ukuba banike iingxaki ezithile, ingakumbi ngemiba efana nokukhubazeka komqhubi. Uphando lovavanyo lubonise ukulahleka okuthe ngqo kumandla abo ekusebenziseni la mayeza. I-Benzodiazepines, uhlobo lwe-system central nervous depressant, lusetyenziswe kakhulu kunokwenzeka ukuba kubangele izingozi.
ILizwi
Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubangelwa utywala, iziyobisi, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza kunokudideka kwaye kuphazamise kwaye kungabangela iingxaki kumntu ngamnye ochaphazelekayo kunye nalabo abasondezayo. Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba ukuba uyeka ukusela okanye ukusebenzisa iyeza okanye amachiza phantsi kolawulo lwezonyango, iingxaki zikulungele ukuphucula ngokupheleleyo, nokuba oko kuthatha ixesha. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omkhathalelayo uyathinteka, ukufumanisa ukuxilongwa kuya kunceda ukufumana ukuba luncedo luni olufunekayo ukuze lusebenze kakuhle kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla.
Umthombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association, I- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual yeengxaki zeengqondo, ishicilelo sesihlanu, iDSM-5. Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMelika, ngo-2013.
> Chen Y, Wang L, Lin S, Chen C. Iiprofayili ze-Neurocognitive zabasebenzisi be-methamphetamine: Ukuthelekiswa kwalabo abangenawo okanye ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-ketamine ukusetshenziswa. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi , 50 (14): 1778-1785. 2015.
> Cairney S, O 'Connor N, Currie B, et al. Umntu oza kufundelwa inguqu ye-neurocognitive emva kweminyaka engama-15 emva kokungasebenzisi kakubi kakubi. Umlutha , 108 (6): 1107-1114. 2013.
> Ilitye B, Correa K, Berka C, et al. Iisayinithi zokuziphatha kunye neurophysiological ze-benzodiazepine ezichaphazelekayo zokuqhuba imoto. Imida kwiNgqondo , ngo-2015.
> Walvoort S, van der Heijden P, Wester A, i-Kessels R, i-Egger J. Ukuziqhelanisa nokungahambi kakuhle kwengqondo: Izikhalazo ezizimeleyo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo kwizigulane ezineengxaki ezibangelwa utywala okanye ezinobungozi obukhulu be-neurocognitive. Uphando lweengqondo , 245: 291-296. 2016.