Abantu abaninzi badibanisa i-dissociative disorderative disorder and schizophrenia
Kukho ukujonga okude kwexesha labantu abane- schizophrenia , okokuba batshintsha ukusuka kubuntu ukuya kumntu, ngamnye ngegama lakhe, iingcinga kunye namazwi. Le ngcamango yinto ephosakeleyo.
Loo mqathango ngokwenene unesifo esithile se-dissociative esibizwa ngokuba yi- dissociative disorderative disorder , eyayibizwa ngokuthi yi-multiple personality disorder. I-Schizophrenia kunye neentsholongwane ze-dissociative zihlala zididekile, kodwa iimeko-zombini ezizimeleyo-zinyani kakhulu.
Impawu zeSchizophrenia
I-Schizophrenia cishe yayaziwa kakhulu kwizifo zengqondo ezimbini; Nangona kunjalo, akuqondwa ngokubanzi.
Ukuze uhlangabezane nemigqaliselo ye-schizophrenia, umntu kufuneka abone ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zimpawu ezilandelayo (kwaye ubuncinane enye impawu kufuneka ibe enye yezinto ezintathu zokuqala uluhlu):
- Ukuxhamla - Iingcambu ziquka iinkolelo zobuxoki. Umzekelo, umntu unokukholelwa ukuba asemzini uthetha naye kwiprogram ethile yomsakazo okanye ukuba umntu uhlola yena nangona kungekho bungqina obunjalo.
- I-Hallucinations - Omnye unokubona izinto abanye abangaboniyo, zive izinto ezingabonwanga ngabanye, okanye zivumba izinto ezingabikho mntu.
- Intetho engalungelelaniswayo- Oku kungabandakanya izinto ezifana nokusebenzisa amagama anikeziweyo okanye amabinzana anentsingiselo kumntu, aphinda amagama afanayo okanye izitatimende, esebenzisa amagama angenanto engenakulinganiswa kunye, okanye ukuxhuma kwisifundo ukuya kwisihloko ngaphandle kokukwazi ukubamba incoko .
- Ukuziphatha kakubi kakhulu okanye ukuziphatha kwe-cataton - Abantu ngabanye bangabonisa ukuziphatha okumangalisayo okuphazamisa amandla abo okusebenza. Abantu abanobuchule be-cataton bangabonakala bengaphenduli nangona bevukile.
- Izimpawu ezingekho phantsi - Abantu abane-schizophrenia ababonisi izinto ezithile abantu abaphilileyo abazenzayo. Umzekelo, umntu one-schizophrenia akanakho ukusebenzisana nentlalontle okanye umntu angabonakali ukuphendulwa kwemvakalelo kwiindaba ezilungileyo okanye ezimbi.
Abanye abantu abane-schizophrenia babonakalisa ingxaki engafanelekiyo, njengokuhleka nokuba akukho nto ihlekisayo. Abantu abaninzi banemiba yobuthongo, kubandakanywa nendlela yokulala yokuphazamiseka, njengokulala ngexesha lomhla kwaye bahlale bephapheme ubusuku bonke. Ukungabi nentshisekelo ekudleni kungabangela.
Abantu abaninzi abane-schizophrenia baneengxaki ezingenangqondo, ezinjengeenkcukacha zememori kunye nokukhawuleza ukuqhubela phambili. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukusebenza okanye ukugqiba imisebenzi yokuphila imihla ngemihla.
Abantu abane-schizophrenia banokungaqondi ukugula kwabo. Abantu abangacingi ukuba baneengxaki abanako ukuthotyelwa ngonyango lwabo. Oku kunokuthetha ukuba izinga eliphezulu lokuphindaphinda, ukunyuka kwabangenayo ukungena ngokuzithandela kwizibhedlele zengqondo, kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo kwengqondo.
Abanye abantu abane-schizophrenia bayakwazi ukuhlala ngokuzimeleyo baze bagcine imisebenzi ngoncedo lweyeza. Abanye bafuna inkxaso eninzi kakhulu kwaye banokuba nzima ukuhlala ngokwabo ngenxa yobunzima abazinyamekelayo.
Iimpawu zeengxaki zeDissociative
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeengxaki ze-dissociative kwi-DSM-5: ingxaki yokuxhomekeka komntu, i-dissociative amnesia, kunye ne-dissociative disorderative disorder.
Zonke ezi zintathu zibonakaliswa ngophazamiseko ekukhunjweni, imemori, ubunikazi, imvakalelo, ukuqonda, ukulawula imoto, ukuziphatha, kunye nokumelwa komzimba. Nayi umehluko phakathi kwezi ngxaki ezintathu:
- Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-disersonalization - Abantu abanenkinga yokuxhamla kwi-depersonalization disorder bazivalekile kwizenzo zabo okanye kwiimvakalelo, njengokuba bebukela ibhayisikobho. Basenokuba namava, aziva ngathi abanye abantu kunye nezinto ezingokoqobo. Umntu unokufumana kuphela ukuhlaziywa kwezinto, ukuhlaziywa kuphela, okanye zombini.
- I-dissociative amnesia - Abo abane-disnesative amnesia abanenkathazo yokukhumbula ulwazi malunga nabo, nokuba ngaba ukungabikho kwememiselo yesiganeko esithile esibuhlungu okanye, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, malunga nezozisi okanye ezidlulileyo.
- Ingxaki yesazisi ye-Dissociative - Umntu onenkinga yokungafani yesazisi uya kuhamba phakathi kwegama elide, elinokuba namagama, amagama, kunye neempawu zabo. Ezi zobuntu zinokubonakala ngathi zizama ukuthatha ulawulo entloko yomntu. Ngo-DID, umntu uya kuba neengxaki zeememori zemihla ngemihla, ulwazi lomntu siqu kunye neentlungu eziye zahlangabezana nazo.
Abantu abaneengxaki ze-dissociative bangasebenza ngokuqhelekileyo inxalenye yexesha. Emva koko, iimpawu zabo zingabangela ubunzima kubo, ngokwenza kube nzima ukusebenza, ukugcina ubudlelwane okanye ukuqhubeka nemfundo.
Ngubani ochaphazelekayo?
Bobabini i-schizophrenia kunye neengxaki ze-dissociative ezingavamile, ezichaphazela malunga neepesenti ezi-1 kunye ne-2 ekhulwini lama-Amerika, ngokulandelanayo. Abo bane-schizophrenia-balinganiselwa kubantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-21 kuwo wonke umhlaba-ngokuqhelekileyo baqala ukufumana iimpawu ekufikeni kwabo kwiminyaka engama-20 okanye ekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi ama-20 kumadoda kunye ne-20 ukuya kwe-30 ukuya kweyokuqala kuma-30.
Umntu ohlala ne-schizophrenia unokufumana ezinye iimeko, ngokunjalo, kubandakanywa nokuphazamiseka kwengxaki yokuxinwa kwe-posttraumatic (PTSD ), i -OCD) kunye nokukhathazeka okukhulu, kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu wokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
Abasetyhini banakho amathuba kunokuba amadoda atholakale enesifo sokuxhatshazwa kwegazi, nakuba phantse isiqingatha sabo bonke abantu baseMelika bafumana ubuncinane ubuncinane besinye okanye i-disrealization episode in their life. Kodwa iipesenti ezi-2 kuphela zineziqulatho ezingapheliyo eziyimfuneko zokuxilongwa.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-dissociative disorder luneemilinganiselo ezahlukileyo ezihambayo kunye namaxesha amaninzi, nangona iziqephu ze-amnesic ezinokuthi zenzeke nangaliphi na ixesha, nawuphi na ubudala, kwaye zigcine ukuhamba ukusuka kwiminithi ukuya kwiminyaka. Umyinge oqhelekileyo wokuba unyaka we-depersonalization ungama-16, nangona ungafika ngaphambili.
Abasetyhini banakho amathuba kunokuba amadoda afunyaniswe ukuba ne-dissociative disorderative disorder, kodwa kuphela ngenxa yokuba abonisa iimpawu ezibonakala ngokulula. Amadoda amaninzi aphika iimpawu kwaye abonisa ubundlobongela, okwenza kube nzima ukuqonda.
Izizathu ezinokwenzeka
Akukho nanye imbangela ye-schizophrenia . Uphando luye lwaqaphela ukuxhamla kwemvelo, njengoko inzala yentsapho yengqondo yandisa kakhulu ingozi yomntu wesifo. Ukuba umntu unesihlobo esithile sokuqala nesitifiketi, njengomzali okanye umntakwabo, amathuba okuba kwenzekayo malunga nama-10 ekhulwini.
I-Schizophrenia iye yadibaniswa nokuvezwa kwiintsholongwane okanye ukungondleki ngexesha lokuqala lokukhulelwa komama okanye yesibini yokukhulelwa, kunye nokuchithwa kwengqondo yengqondo eyenza i-neurotransmitters dopamine kunye ne-glutamate.
Ekugqibeleni, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunokunyusa umngcipheko we-schizophrenia xa izidakamizwa eziguqula ingqondo zithathwa ngexesha lomntwana okanye umntwana omdala. Oku kubandakanya ukutshaya i-marijuana, njengoko kwandisa umngcipheko wezehlakalo zengqondo.
Ukukhathazeka kwe-dissociative, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuqhelekileyo kukhula ngokuphendula kwisiganeko esibuhlungu. Oku kunokuba ngumkhosi wempi okanye ukuphathwa kakubi ngokomzimba, iinkumbulo apho ubuchopho buzama ukulawula. Ingxaki iyakhula ngakumbi xa umntu evakalelwa ngumxininiso.
Izinyango Zonyango
Akukho schizophrenia okanye ukuphazamiseka kwe-dissociative kunokuphiliswa, kodwa kunokulawulwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Unyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-schizophrenia luquka imishanguzo ye-antipsychotic, kunye ne-psychotherapy kunye neenkonzo zokuxhasa uluntu.
Ngamachiza afanelekileyo, iilucucinations kunye neengcinga zonyango zinganciphisa. Isibhedlele singabimfuneko ukukhuseleko komntu onomdlavuza kunye nabo bajikelezayo.
Abantu abane-schizophrenia nabo basengozini enkulu yokuzibulala-ama-20 ekhulwini azama ukuzibulala ubuncinane kanye, ngelixa ama-5 ukuya kuma-6 ekhulwini afa ngokuzibulala.
Ukuzibulala kungabangela ingxaki ebalulekileyo kubantu abaneentlupheko zokuhlukana, ngokukodwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-dissociative disorder. Amaphesenti angama-70 abantu abane-dissociative disorder disorder abaphethwe kwisilathiso sokugula baye bazama ukuzibulala. Imizamo yokuzibulala ephindaphindiweyo kwaye inokuzilimaza ingaba rhoqo.
Iingxaki ze-Dissociative zixhaphazwa ngokuthe ngonyango. Izinyango zokwelapha zinokubandakanya unyango lwezonyango zokuziphatha (CBT) , unyango lwendlela yokuziphatha (DBT) , ukunyuka kwenyameko ukunyanzeliswa kweso kunye nokunyuka (EMDR) , kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwamanye amayeza.
ILizwi
Bobabini i-schizophrenia kunye neengxaki ze-dissociative ziziimeko ezingaqondakaliyo. Xa unyango olufanelekileyo, abantu abaphila ne-schizophrenia okanye i-dissociative disorder bangakhokelela ubomi obunomdla, obunomvuzo.
> Imithombo:
> Bob P, Mashour G. Schizophrenia, ukuhlukana kunye nokuqonda. Ubulumko kunye noCognition . 2011; 20 (4): 1042-1049.
> Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zengqondo: i-DSM-5 . IWashington, DC: Ukushicilela i-Psychiatric; 2014.
> Tanner J, Wyss D, Perron N, Rufer M, Mueller-Pfeiffer C. Ukuphindaphinda kunye neempawu zokuzama ukuzibulala kwiingxaki zokuzihlukanisa i-dissociation: Iinyanga ezi-12 zokufunda ngokulandelelana kwezifo zengqondo eSwitzerland. I-European Journal ye-Trauma & Dissociation . 2017; 1 (4): 235-239.