Isimo esivumelanayo Ngamanye amaxesha udidekile nge-BPD
Ingxaki ye-dissociative yesazisi (iDID), eyayisetyenziselwa ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-multiple personality disorder, enye yeengxaki zokuxhamla kwi-dissociative ezidweliswe kwiNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities , I-Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Iingxaki ze-Dissociative zonke zinomxholo ophakathi " wokungafani ," okanye ukuphazanyiswa kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo yokudibanisa, imemori, ubungqina kunye nokuqonda.
Kwi-DID, unako ukufumana ubungqina obuninzi okanye obuninzi okanye obuntu, owaziwa nangokuthi uguqula. Ezi zobuntu zihlala zilawula ukuziphatha kwakho kwaye zihlala zifumana ukulahlekelwa kwememori kwinto eyenzekayo xa enye ubuntu okanye ishintsho ilawulwa.
Ukuxilongwa
Inkqubo yokuxilongwa kwe-DID njengoko ichaziwe kwi-DSM-5 ilandelayo:
- Ubuninzi bobuqili okanye obuninzi obucacileyo okanye ubunobuntu, ngamnye nomzekelo wakhe wokutolika nokuphathelele kwimeko. Ubukho bobu bomi bunokuba bubi okanye bubekwe ngumgqirha wokuxilongwa.
- U-Amnesia kufuneka ukuba kwenzeke, ukunciphisa ubuninzi bomntu onokukukhumbula malunga neziganeko ezibuhlungu kunye neziganeko zemihla ngemihla.
- Umntu kufuneka abe nobunzima kwimisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla.
- Iimpawu azikho inxaxheba kwinkcubeko okanye kwinkonzo yonqulo.
- Iimpawu azibanga ekusebenziseni nayiphi na into, njengotywala okanye amayeza.
DID vs. BPD
Abantu abahlala ne-DID bavame ukuxela amava okuxhatshazwa ngokwenyama nangokwezesondo ngexesha lobuntwana kwaye kaninzi banempawu ezifanayo ze- borderline disorder (BPD) , kubandakanywa ukuziphatha okuzilimazayo , ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo kunye nokungazinzi kwezobudlelwane. Oku kunxulumene nenyaniso yokuba ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwabantwana kubangele ingozi kwiimeko zombini.
Enye ingcamango malunga nokuphuhliswa kwe-DID iphakamisa ukuba abantu abane-DID baye bafumana ubunzima beengqondo kakhulu kangangokuba indlela yodwa yokulawula eso sigqubutha kukuhlakulela ukuxhatshazwa okunzulu njengendlela yokwenza izinto. Ngexesha elide, ukungaqhathaniswa okuhlala njalo kukukhokelela ekuveleni kolwazi oluhlukileyo.
Nangona ukuxhatshazwa kwakhona kukubonakalisa impawu zengxaki yomntu ongenamkhawulo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo kwi-BPD akukwenzeka rhoqo okanye kunzima njengoko ku-DID. Oko kuthetha, umntu onempawu ze-DID kunye ne-BPD unokufumana ukuxilongwa kwezi zimbini izifo. Ukongeza, ukuba u-DID, unako ukufumana ezinye iimpawu ezibangelwa ngengozi, kubandakanywa ubusuku obumnyama, iifoworks, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezibonakalisa ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki yokuhamba kwengxaki (post-traumatic disorder disorder) (PTSD) .
Ukwanda kunye nokuphikisana
Ingxaki ye-dissociative yesazisi yimeko engavumelekanga. Kunqabile ukuba kunzima ukufunda, ngoko ke uphando oluncinane luqhutyelwe kubantu abane-DID. Oko kuthethwa, uphando oluthile lufumene ukuba malunga nepesenti enye yabasetyhini baye bafumana. Ewe, kukho iimfuno ezininzi ezifunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukufumana oku. Kuyathakazelisa, kukho ukunyuka kwangoko kuhlolwe i-DID. Nangona kunjalo, akucaci ukuba ngaba oku kungenxa yolwazi olubanzi lweengxaki zengcali zempilo yengqondo okanye ukungahambi kakuhle.
Kudala kube neengxabano ngaphakathi kwimiba yengqondo yengqondo malunga nokuba ngaba akukho. Kukho ubungqina bokuba abantu abane-DID banokungabikho kwi-hypnosis kunye neziphakamiso. Oku kuye kwabangela ezinye iingcali ukuba zenzeke ukuba iziganeko ezahlukileyo ezifunyenwe ngabantu abane-DID zingabangela iziphakamiso.
Ezinye iingcali, nangona kunjalo, zichaza ukuba kukho iiphando zentsholongwane ezichasayo le ngcamango yokucebisa. Ngokomzekelo, uphando oluthile luye lwabonisa ukuba ubuqu obuhlukeneyo bomntu one-DID baneenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, kuquka neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa ubuchopho okanye iimpendulo ze-cardiovascular.
Ezi zifundo zisetyenzisiwe njengobungqina bokuba kukho uguquko oluthile.
Ngokubanzi, uphando lwe-DID lukhawulelwe kwaye luhlala luyi-diagnostic. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxilongwa ngoku kufumene ukwamkelwa kwamanzi kwimpilo yengqondo kwaye sifunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokuphatha i-DID-uphuhliso oluhle kunye nethemba.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual yeengxaki zeengqondo i-DSM-5. 5. I-American Psychiatric Publishing: iWashington DC, ngo-2013.
> Reinders AA, Willemsen AT, den Boer JA, Vos HP, Veltmn DJ, Loewenstein RJ. Iipateni zolawulo lweengqondo ezichaseneyo kwiimpawu zesazisi ze-dissociative disorderative: i-PET yokufunda kunye ne-neurobiological model. Psychiatry Res. 2014 Sep 30; 223 (3): 236-43.
> Sar V, Akyüz G, Dogan O. Ukwanda kweengxaki zeDissociative Phakathi kwaBafazi kwi-General Population. Uphando loPhando . 149: 169-176, 2007.
> Schlumpf YR, Reinders AA, Nijenhuis ER, Luechinger R, van Osch MJ, Jäncke L. Dissociative okuxhomekeke ekuphumeni komsebenzi kwi-dissociative identity disorder. PLoS One . 2014 Juni 12; 9 (6): e98795.