I-Schizophrenia luhlobo lwesifo sengqondo esichaphazela indlela ubuchopho busebenza ngayo. Oku kubangela iingxaki ezingapheliyo iingcamango ezingaqhelekanga kunye nokuziphatha. Ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka unakekelwa ngonaphakade kwaye unyango.
Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba i-schizophrenia ithinta malunga ne-0.3 yepesenti ukuya kwi-0.7 ekhulwini labantu (phakathi kwe-3 ukuya ku-1000 kunye no-7 ngo-1000). I-Schizophrenia ithinta abantu bazo zonke iintlanga kunye nobuhlanga.
I-Schizophrenia iyinto eqhelekileyo ngakumbi kubantu xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini.
Izizathu
Iimbangela ze-schizophrenia ziyinkimbinkimbi kwaye aziqondi kakuhle. I-Genetics ibonakala idlala indima. Uvumelekile ukuba ube ne-schizophrenia ukuba uzuze iinguqu zezifo ezithile (izigaba ze-DNA) ezivela kubazali bakho. Abantu abanesihlobo kunye ne-schizophrenia banomngcipheko othe wenyuka wokuba ne-schizophrenia okanye ingxaki ehambelana nayo, njengengxaki ye-schizoaffective. Amawele awaziwayo (ababelana ngeDNA efanayo) banokuthi babe ne-schizophrenia kunamawele omzalwana (abangenayo). Oku kuthetha ukuba i-genetics idlala indima ekubangela ukuba i-schizophrenia, mhlawumbi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zegesi.
Nangona kunjalo, le yodwa inxalenye yomfanekiso. I-Schizophrenia iyakwenzeka kubantu abangenalo imbali kwintsapho yabo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba unayo i-schizophrenia kwintsapho yakho, akuthethi ukuba uya kuba nawe.
Imimandla eyahlukileyo yendalo yongqinelana nomngcipheko ophezulu we-schizophrenia.
Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- Iingxaki zokuvalela ekuzalweni kwakho
- Usulelo lwe-nervous system kwinkqubo yobuntwaneni
- Ingxaki yomntwana
- Uxinzelelo lwezentlalo, njengobunzima bezoqoqosho
Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abane-schizophrenia abanalo nenye yale mngcipheko . I-Schizophrenia ibonakala ngathi iyingxaki eyinkimbinkimbi yezinto ezahlukeneyo zendalo, ezendalo, ezentlalo, nezengqondo ezingekaqondwa kakuhle.
Iimpawu
Iindidi ezibini zeempawu ze-schizophrenia zithi "zilungile" okanye "ezimbi" iimpawu . Oku akubhekiseli nokuba ngaba ezi zimpawu zilungile okanye zibi. Iimpawu ezintle zibhekisela kwiingxaki ezisemsebenzini ezingafaneleki ukuba zikhona (njengemigqaliselo). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iimpawu ezingabonakali zibhekiselele ekungabikho kwempawu ezithile ezimele umntu onempilo. Abantu abaninzi banamathela kwizibonakaliso ezintle ze-schizophrenia, eziqhelekileyo ngokucacileyo. Kodwa zombini izibonakaliso ezintle nezimbi ziquka iingxaki zangempela kunye ezinzima kwi-schizophrenia.
Ezinye zeempawu ezintle ze -schizophrenia ziquka:
- Hallucinations
- Ukuxhamla
- Ukucinga nokungcola kakuhle
Ngethuba le-hallucination, umntu uva, ubona, uvakalelwa, okanye uyaphunga into engekho ngokwenene. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kuyenzeka ngeendlela zokuvavanya abanye abangayiva. La mazwi angakhuthaza, asongela okanye nantoni na phakathi. Ngamanye amaxesha umntu ufumana ezi ngcamango nje, kodwa ngokusoloko zibonakala zivela ngaphandle.
Ukunyeliswa yienkolelo zobuxoki eziqhutywe ngumntu ongenabelwa ngabanye abantu. Omnye onokukhohlisa unombono ochanekileyo weemeko kwaye akakwazi ukuthetha ngawo ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Umzekelo, umntu onokwenza i-schizophrenia unokukholelwa ukuba ugosa likarhulumente, okanye ukuba abaphambukeli bazama ukujonga imisebenzi yakhe.
Abantu abaneentetho ezingalungelekanga bangaba nzima ukuyiqonda ngenxa yokuba izivakalisi zabo azixhunyiwe okanye ngenxa yokuba umntu uhlala eshintsha izihloko ngendlela engenzi kakuhle kumphulaphuli. Nangona kunjalo, intetho ingaba nenjongo kumntu ngendlela edibeneyo namava abo angaphakathi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iimpawu ezimbi ze-schizophrenia zingaquka:
- Iqondo elincinci lentetho
- Ukungabikho kokuqaliswa kwimisebenzi ejoliswe kuyo
Abantu banokuba neempawu ezinokwakheka kwengqondo ezinjengeengxaki zokugxila, ukukhumbula okanye ukucwangcisa imisebenzi. Abantu abane-schizophrenia banakho ukuzinyamekela kunye nokungahambi kakuhle, isikolo okanye ukusebenza komsebenzi. Ukugula kwakhona kwenza kube nzima kumntu ukuba ajoyine kwiimicimbi zentlalo kwaye athathe inxaxheba kubudlelwane obunentsingiselo.
Iimpawu zi nokuba nexesha lokunyuka kunye nexesha lokuphucula. Iimviwo zeempawu ezimbi zibizwa ngokuba yiirhare okanye zibuyela kwakhona. Ngonyango, uninzi lwale mpawu lunokunciphisa okanye luyeke (ikakhulukazi "iimpawu" ezintle). Ukuxolelwa kwezifo kubhekisela kwixesha leenyanga ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu apho umntu engenazo iimpawu okanye iimpawu ezinobumnene. Kuphela, iimpawu ezimbi ziba nzima ukunyanga kunezinto ezintle.
Kwimodeli yendabuko yemvelo ye-schizophrenia, ezi zibonakaliso ziyi-pathological. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abasentlanganisweni yeendlebe bathetha ukuba ngamazwi athile maxa wambi anamava anentsingiselo yoluntu, kwaye akufanele ibonakale nje njengophawu lokugula.
Ziziphi Iimpawu ZeSchizophrenia Ekuqaleni Qala Ukuqala?
Iimpawu zokuqala ze -schizophrenia zihlala ziqala ukubonakala ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye ziba nzima nakwezinye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu ze-schizophrenia ziqala ukuqala ixesha phakathi kolutsha kunye nomntu ophakathi kwe-30s. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zivela ngaphambili okanye kamva. Kubasetyhini, iimpawu zivame ukuqala emva kwexesha elide kunabantu.
Iinguqu zeBongo kwiSchizophrenia
Kukho ninzi into yokuba izazinzulu zifunda malunga nokuba utshintsho lweengqondo lukhokelela njani kwiimpawu ze-schizophrenia. I-Schizophrenia idibaniswa kunye nenani leenguqu kwindlela ubuchopho busebenza ngayo. Ezi ngqondo zitshintsha zibonisa iimpawu ezithile zesifo. Ukutshintshwa kufunyanwe kwimbali yengqondo ebomvu (equkethe imizimba yamathambo amaninzi) kunye nombandela omhlophe (oqukethe ii-axon). Ezi zilandelayo zengingqi zengqondo zicinga ukuba ziye zaphazamiseka ukusebenza kwi-schizophrenia:
- I-lobe yexesha eliphakathi (kubangela iingxaki ngokusebenza kwememori)
- I-Superior lobe ye-temporal (kubangela iingxaki zokulungisa ulwazi oluphicothiweyo)
- I-Prefrontal lobe (kubangela iingxaki malunga nokwenza izigqibo kunye nokuvinjelwa)
I-Schizophrenia nayo ibangela ukuba iphazamise ukudibanisa phakathi kweendawo ezithile zobuchopho. Utshintsho kuma-neurotransmitters (ukubonakalisa iamolekyu engqondweni) mhlawumbi lidlala indima kwisifo.
Ukuxilongwa
Akukho ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula okanye ukukhangela kwengqondo ababoneleli bezempilo abangayisebenzisa ukuxilonga i-schizophrenia . Kunoko, ababoneleli bezempilo kufuneka bavavanye iimpawu zomntu baze balawule ezinye iimeko zonyango. Ukufumana i-schizophrenia, ugqirha uthatha imbali yonyango kwaye wenza uvavanyo lwezokwelapha. Ugqirha uya kufuna ukulawula ezinye izimo zengqondo ezingabangela ukucima okanye ukukhohlisa. Abantu abane-disorder schizoaffective , ngokwesibonelo, baninzi iimpawu ezifanayo ze-schizophrenia, kodwa nabo baneengxaki ezithile zabo kunye nemizwa yabo.
Oogqirha bafuna kwakhona ukulawula ezinye iimeko zonyango ezinokubangela ezinye iimpawu ezifanayo kwi-schizophrenia. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- Iingxaki ezinxulumene nezinto
- Dementia
- Iimeko ze-endocrine nezivuvu
- Isisu sobumba
- Delirium
Kwezinye iimeko, umntu unokufuna iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukulawula ezinye iimeko ezifana nalezi.
Ixesha lexesha leempawu zibalulekile ekuxilongweni. Ukufunyaniswa nge-schizophrenia, umntu kufuneka abonise ubuncinane beenyanga ezili-6 zeempawu. Umntu oye waba nezibonakaliso ezingaphantsi kweenyanga unokufumanisa ukuba unokuthile okubizwa ngokuba yingxaki emfutshane yengqondo. Umntu oye wafumana iimpawu zingaphaya kwenyanga kodwa engaphantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu unokufunyanwa ngento ebizwa ngokuthi yi-schizophreniform disorder. Ngamanye amaxesha abantu abanezi meko baneempawu eziqhubekayo kwaye kamva bafumaneka ngokusemthethweni ukuba bane-schizophrenia.
Iincinci
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uve ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-schizophrenia, njenge-paranoid schizophrenia okanye i-catatonic schizophrenia. Ababoneleli bempilo yengqondo abasetyenziselwa ukuxilonga abantu abane-subtypes eyahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwimpawu zabo ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2013, izifo zengqondo zagqiba ekubeni ziyeke ukuhlenga abantu abane-schizophrenia ngale ndlela. Baphetha ukuba ezi zigaba azizange zibancede ziqonde i-schizophrenia nayiphi na enye into engcono kwaye ayincedi iikliniki zinika ukunakekelwa okungcono kwizigulane.
Unyango
Eyona ndlela, unyango lwe-schizophrenia ludibanisa indlela eyahlukeneyo evela kwiqela leqela labasebenzi bezempilo. Uphulo lwangokokuqala lunokunceda ukuphucula amathuba okubuyiswa okupheleleyo.
Izinto zonyango kufuneka zibandakanye:
- Iiyeza zengqondo
- Iingqondo zonyango
- Inkxaso yoluntu
Abantu abaninzi abane-schizophrenia baya kufuna ukuba baqale esibhedlele ngenxa yonyango lwengqondo ukuze oogqirha bakwazi ukuzinzisa imeko yabo.
IiNtsholongwane zengqondo
Iyeza-antipsychotic zenza inxalenye ebalulekileyo yonyango ye-schizophrenia. La mayeza anceda ukunciphisa iimpawu ze-schizophrenia kwaye inokuthintela ukuphindaphinda. Isizukulwana sokuqala sokulwa neengqondo zengqondo sichaza iklasi yeziyobisi eziphuhlisiwe kuma-1950. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-antipsychotics. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- haloperidol (Haldol TM )
- i-chlorpromazine (iTrarazine TM )
Eli qela le-antipsychotics ludla ukuba neempembelelo ezifanayo ezifana neengxaki zokuhamba (ezaziwa ngokuba yimpawu ze-extrapyramidal), ukulala, nomlomo owomileyo.
Izazinzulu zakha kamva amaqela omtsha we-antipsychotics, ebizwa ngokuba yi-antipsychotics yesizukulwana okanye i- antipsychotics ye-atypical . Ezinye zezi zidakamizwa ezichasayo ziquka ezi zilandelayo:
- i-aripiprazole (Abilify TM )
- clozapine (Clozaril TM )
- i-olazapine (iZyprexa TM )
- i-quetiapine (iSeroquel TM )
Ezi ziyobisi aziyi kubangela iingxaki zokuhamba zonyango ezichasene neengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, banokubangela ukuba uzuze ubunzima kunye nezinye iingxaki nge-metabolism, phakathi kwezinye iziphumo ezibi.
Inkxaso
Ukwandisa, ababoneleli ngempilo yengqondo baqaphela indima ebalulekileyo yonyango lwezentlalo-ntlalo ekujonganeni ne-schizophrenia. Ngokomzekelo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-psychotherapy zingaba luncedo gqitha. Olunye uhlobo lwe-psychotherapy olubizwa ngokuba luncedo lwezobuchule lunceda izigulane zifunde ukuchonga nokutshintsha iimvakalelo ezingasebenzi, iimpawu kunye neengcamango. Ulwaphulo lweentsapho lunokunceda kwakhona izigulane kunye namalungu entsapho afunde kakuhle indlela yokuhlangabezana nale meko. Abantu abaninzi abane-schizophrenia nabo badinga ukuqeqeshwa kwezakhono zentlalo, enokukunceda ufundise ukuzinyamekela okusemgangathweni kunye nezakhono zentlalo. Amacandelo enkxaso anokunceda, kubini abantu abaneemeko kunye namalungu entsapho. Abantu abane-schizophrenia banokufuna uncedo lokufumana umsebenzi, izindlu okanye ezinye iintlobo zoncedo.
Prognosis
Injongo yokonyango kukunceda izigulane ziphumelele ukuxolelwa. Abanye abantu banexesha elide lokuxolelwa kunye nezifo ezizinzile kunye nokukhubazeka okuncinci. Abanye abantu baneempawu ezigqithisileyo kunye nokusebenza kwaye abanakho ukuphendula kakuhle kwiimpawu ezikhoyo. Kunzima ukwazi ukuba umntu othile uza kwenza ntoni emva kokuxilongwa. Kodwa umbono wabantu abane-schizophrenia uye waphucula kwiminyaka yamuva nje, kunye nemichiza engcono yengqondo kunye nenkxaso engaphezulu kwengqondo kunye nentlalo.
Ngelishwa, abantu abane-schizophrenia banomngcipheko omkhulu wokuzibulala kunabantu abangenayo ingxaki. Kodwa lo mngcipheko ungancitshiswa xa abantu abachaphazelekayo befumana unyango oluphezulu kunye nokuqhubeka bephethe amayeza abayidingayo. Abantu abane-schizophrenia banomngcipheko ophezulu wezinye iimeko zonyango, ezifana nezifo zentliziyo kunye nezifo zokuphefumula. Ukongezelela, abantu abane-schizophrenia banomngcipheko ophezulu weengxaki ezithile zeengqondo, njengeengxaki ezinxulumene nezidakamizwa, ukuphazamiseka kwesifo, kunye neengxaki zokunyanzelisa.
Uninzi lwabantu luya kuqhubeka lufuna olunye uhlobo lwenkxaso emva kokuxilongwa. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi banakho ukuhlala ngokuzimeleyo kwaye bathatha inxaxheba ekwakheni ubomi babo.
ILizwi
I-Schizophrenia ngokuqhelekileyo isifo esinzima ukuphatha ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kukho ithemba. Ngokusebenzisa unyango oluninzi kunye nolunyango oluqhelekileyo, abaninzi abantu abafumene i-schizophrenia bangaphuma kwiimpawu ezininzi zesifo. Abantu abane-schizophrenia badinga ukuxhaswa kwiintsapho zabo kunye namalungu omphakathi ukuba abe nethuba elihle lokuphila ubomi obugcweleyo. Ukuba wena okanye ilungu lakho losapho sele ufumene ukuba une-schizophrenia, yazi ukuba akuyiyo inkohlakalo yakho. Kwakhona uyazi ukuba baninzi abantu banceda abantu abachaphazelekayo ukuba babuyisele kwaye baphinde baphinde balawulwe ubomi babo.
> Imithombo:
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