I-Schizophrenia yinto yokugula kwengqondo edala iziganeko ezithile, amava angaqhelekanga kunye nokuziphatha. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-schizophrenia ezibandakanya amaqoqo ahlukeneyo eempawu. Kungenzeka ukuba iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zezifo zibandakanyeka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-schizophrenia. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba i-schizophrenia yisifo esisodwa esingaba nemiphumo eyahlukileyo kuye kuxhomekeke kwiindawo eziphikisayo.
Abaphandi abakwaziyo oko kubangela ukuba abanye abantu bahlakulele i-schizophrenia. Kukho inxalenye enamandla kakhulu yokuvelisa i-schizophrenia. Nangona kunjalo, iigulo kuphela azichazi ngokupheleleyo ukugula.
Uninzi lwazinzulu lukholelwa ukuba iizakhi azibangela ukuba i-schizophrenia ngqo, kodwa yenza umntu abe sisengozini ekuphuhliseni isifo. Iingcali zenzululwazi zifunda ezininzi izinto ezinokubangela ukuba umntu abe nesimo semvelo sokuhlakulela i-schizophrenia.
Izinto ze-Genetic In Schizophrenia
Ubungqina bokuba imfuyo ye-schizophrenia inzima. Ubume be-schizophrenia kuluntu jikelele luphantsi kwe-1%. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxhamla nomntu onomdlavuza wandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-schizophrenia .
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntakwenu okanye udade okanye umzali omnye unokugula kwakho ithuba lokuba ne-schizophrenia malunga ne-10%. Ukuba iwele lakho elifanayo linokugula, unama-50% amathuba okuphuhlisa i-schizophrenia. Ukuba bobabini abazali bakho bane-schizophrenia, unama-36% amathuba okuphuhlisa isifo.
Siyazi ukuba ezi zintsapho zengozi zibangelwa imfuza kunokuhlala kwimeko yentsapho kuba ingozi ngenxa yobuhlobo bentsapho iyafana nokuba umntu ukhuliswe kwiintsapho zokuzalwa okanye cha. Abantwana babantu abane-schizophrenia baninzi banikezelwa ukuba bamkelwe ngenxa yokuba abazali babo abagula kakhulu ukuba bangazinyamekeli.
Nangona kunjalo, iigulo zodwa azibangeli i-schizophrenia. Ukuba babenjalo, amawele afanayo, abelana ngokufanayo malunga neefayili yezofuzo, babe no-100% amathuba okwabelana ngesifo, kunokuba i-50%.
Iingcamango zophuhliso zeSchizophrenia
Iingcamango zophuhliso ze-schizophrenia zithi into ehamba kakuhle xa ubuchopho bukhula. Uphuhliso lobuchopho, ukusuka kwisigaba sokuqala sokuphuhliswa komntwana emva kokuqala kweminyaka yobomi, yinkqubo enzima kakhulu. Izigidi ze-neurons zenziwe, zifudukela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yobuchopho, kwaye ikhethekileyo ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukileyo.
"Into" ehamba engalunganga inokuba yintsholongwane yintsholongwane, ukungalingani kwamangqamuzana, impazamo yokufakela i-genetic encode, ukunyanzeliswa kwesondlo, okanye enye into. Isici esiqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iingcamango zophuhliso kukuba umcimbi we-causal uqhubeka ngexesha lophuhliso lobuchopho.
Iimpawu zesifo se-schizophrenia zivela ngokukhawuleza ekufikeni komntwana okanye ekudala. Ngaba loo mpawu ingabangela njani imicimbi ephuhlisayo eyenzeka kwiminyaka eminyaka ngaphambili? Iingcamango zophuhliso zibonisa ukuba ukuphazanyiswa kwangaphambili kubangela ukuba isakhiwo sengqondo singabulungiswa. Ukuqala kobutshatsha kuletha inxaxheba yeziganeko ze-neurological, kubandakanywa ukufa okucwangcisiweyo kweeseli ezininzi zobuchopho, kwaye ngelo xesha ukungaqhelekanga kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuxhasa iingcamango zentuthuko, kukho imingcipheko emininzi yempilo ye-schizophrenia ehambelana namaxesha amanqanaba ekuphuhlisweni komntwana, njengale:
- I-Schizophrenia iyaxhaphaka kakhulu ebusika nasekuzalweni kwentwasahlobo.
- Abantwana abanomama abafumana indlala ngethuba lokuqala lokuqala, banokukwazi ukuhlakulela i-schizophrenia.
- Ukukhulelwa kunye neengxaki zokuzalwa kukhulisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-schizophrenia.
Nangona kunjalo, akukho ubungqina obaneleyo bokuthi ubuchopho babantu abadala abane-schizophrenia abahlekanga ngendlela iindlela iingcamango zophuhliso ezichazayo. Kwakhona, ezi ngcamango zidibanisa xa zivela kwimvelaphi ye-schizophrenia, kodwa ayikho imbangela ngokwayo.
IiNtsholongwane ezithathelwanayo ngeSchizophrenia
Abanye abaphandi ngoku bakholelwa ukuba i-schizophrenia ibangelwa kukusebenzisana kwe-arhente echaphazelayo, ingakumbi intsholongwane, enezifo eziphathekayo kwisifo. Kukho inani leempawu zesazi ezinokuthi zingenza oku kwenzeke:
- Iintsholongwane ziyakwazi ukuhlasela ezinye iingingqi zeengqondo kwaye ziyeke ezinye zihambelane.
- Iintsholongwane zinokuguqula iinkqubo ezithile ngaphakathi kwiseli yengqondo ngaphandle kokubulala iseli.
- Iintsholongwane zinokuthi zithintele umntu kwaye zibe zilala iminyaka emininzi ngaphambi kokugula.
- Iintsholongwane zingabangela ukungaqhelekanga okwenyama, ubunzima bokuzalwa, kunye neepatheni zeminwe yeminwe ngamanye amaxesha zifumaneka kubantu abane-schizophrenia.
- Iintsholongwane zinokuchaphazela i-neurotransmitters.
- Amanye ama-antipsychotic agents anama-anti-antial agents.
Abantu abasanda kuphuhlisa i-schizophrenia kaninzi banama-antibodies kwiintsholongwane ezimbini ze-herpes kwigazi labo, i-HSV (i-herpes simplex virus) kunye ne-CMV (cytomegalovirus). Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuba xa le virus ye-herpes ichaphazela umntu ngesethi ethile yemfuza, loo mntu unako ukuhlakulela i-schizophrenia.
Abantu abane-schizophrenia nabo banakho amathuba okubonakalisa i-antibodies kwi- toxoplasmosis gondii , i-parasite ephathwe ngamakati anokuchaphazela abantu. Ukukhuliswa malunga neekati kuphakamisa amathuba omntu wokuphuhlisa i-schizophrenia, kwaye isifo siqhelekileyo kumazwe kwaye apho abantu abaninzi banamakati njengeenkomo.
Izifo ezithintekayo zesifo se-schizophrenia ziyavuya kwaye zi thembisa. Kusemva kakhulu ukuba ukwazi ukuba uphando lwezi ngcamango luza kubonakalisa imbangela ye-schizophrenia.
Iingcali ze-Neurochemical of Schizophrenia
I-Schizophrenia ibandakanyeka ngokucacileyo ukungenakunyani kwiikhemikhali zengqondo (i-neurochemicals) ezivumela iiseli zengqondo ukuba zixubane. Siyazi le nto kuba ukuvimbela ezinye i-neurotransmitter ezithile kunye neziyobisi (njenge-amphetamine okanye i-PCP) zingabangela iimpawu ezinjenge-schizophrenia. Kwakhona, imishanguzo ye-antipsychotic evimbela isenzo se-neurotransmitter dopamine inokuphucula ngempumelelo impawu.
Enyanisweni, ukungalingani kwe-dopamine bekuye kwacingelwa ukuba kubangele i-schizophrenia. Nangona kunjalo, i-antipsychotics yakamuva isebenza ngaphandle kokuvimbela i-dopamine. Uphando lwangoku lubonisa ukuba i-GABA ne-glutamate i-neurotransmitti ibandakanyeka kwi-schizophrenia.
Ubunzima beengcinga ze-neurochemical kukuba iinkqubo ezininzi zobuchopho zingathintela amanqanaba e-neurotransmitter, kunye nama-neurotransmitters (apho kukho okungenani 100) onke asebenzisana. Xa sitsho ukuba enye i-neurotransmitter okanye enye ibangela i-schizophrenia, sisekela ukuba ibango kwisigxina esisodwa nesigxina esinomfanekiso oshukumisayo, ngaphandle kokukwazi ukubona iifowuni ezikhokelela kutshintsho esilubonayo.
Ukonyango lwe-schizophrenia namhlanje kuncike ngokupheleleyo ekulawuleni amanqanaba e-neurotransmitters, ngoko ke uphando kule ndawo lubalulekile ekuphuhliseni unyango olululo.
Iingcamango zoxinzelelo lweSchizophrenia
Ingcinezelo yengqondo ineempembelelo zomzimba kwaye ibandakanyeka ekubangeni okanye ekuncediseni ukukhathazeka ngengqondo kuquka ukukhathazeka kwangemva kwesifo. Ukunyamezela kwengqondo kwandisa izifo ezinjengexinzelelo lwegazi eliphezulu kunye nesifo senhliziyo.
Nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo lwengqondo aluzange luboniswe ukuba lubangele i-schizophrenia. Le nkcazo ayinangqiqo kubantu abaninzi abaqhelana ne-schizophrenia. Njani inyaniso?
Esinye into, i-schizophrenia ayifani ngokuqhelekileyo emva kweengxaki zengqondo njengemfazwe, intlekele yendalo okanye inkampu yoxinaniso.
Ubomi babantu bahlala bezaliswe ukulahleka ngexesha elikhokelela kwisiqephu sokuqala kwengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, ezo zilahleko (ezifana nobudlelwane, imisebenzi, isikolo, izingozi, njl.) Zihlala zibangelwa yimpawu zokuqala zokuqala eziquka ukusola, ukuphazamiseka kwememori, ukuhoxiswa, kunye nokulahlekelwa yimpembelelo.
Ukukhuliswa kwintsapho kunye ne-schizophrenia kwandisa kakhulu uxinzelelo kunye nobuhle bokuxhatshazwa nokuxhatshazwa, kwaye abantwana abasuka kula makhaya banakho ukuphuhlisa izifo ngokwabo. Nangona kunjalo, igalelo lofuzo, kunokuxinezeleka kwengqondo, ichaza ininzi yesantya se-schizophrenia kubantwana abavela kule ntsapho.
Ngokuqinisekileyo kukhangeleka kwimbali yabantu abaninzi abane-schizophrenia kwaye bafumane ingxakeko yangaphambili, kodwa abaninzi abantu abane-schizophrenia bevela kumakhaya anothando, axhasayo. Enye yeentlekele ezininzi ze-schizophrenia yinto esichaza ngayo abantu abahlala bexhamla kubazali sele bebuhlungu ngenxa yokugula komntwana wabo othandekayo.
Ukuxinezeleka kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni isigulo, nangona kunjalo. Abantu abane-schizophrenia banokukhathazeka kakhulu ukunyamezela nokutshintsha. Ukunyamezela kwengqondo yedwa kunokukhawuleza ukudala isiqhelo. Ukuphuhlisa kunye nokugcina isistim ngenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu zokuphepha ukuphindaphinda .
> Imithombo:
> I- Schizophrenia: incwadana enemifanekiso echaza impawu, izizathu, kunye neyeza, ngolwazi malunga nokufumana uncedo kunye nokuhlangabezana. Iziko zeSizwe zeMpilo yengqondo. (2006) http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/schizophrenia/summary.shtml
> Torrey, EF (2006) Ukusinda iSchizophrenia: Incwadi Yemizalwane, Iziguli kunye nababoneleli, u-5 Edition. INew York: Abapapashi baHarperCollins.
> Yintoni eyenza iSchizophrenia? (2007) Iziko zeSizwe zeMpilo yengqondo. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/schizophrenia/khatsca-schizophrenia.shtml