Iyeza-antipsychotic zinciphisa iimpawu zesifo se-schizophrenia nezinye izifo zengqondo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuvumela umntu ukuba asebenze ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo. Izidakamizwa ze-Antipsychotic zonyango olungcono kakhulu kwi-schizophrenia okwangoku, kodwa aziphilisi i-schizophrenia okanye ziqinisekise ukuba akuyi kuphinda kubekho izipikisi ze-psychotic.
Imilinganiselo
Ukukhethwa kunye nokulingana kwamachiza kunokwenziwa kuphela ngugqirha ofanelekileyo oqeqeshwe kakuhle kunyango lweengxaki zengqondo.
Isilinganisi samachiza sisodwa kwisigulane ngasinye, ekubeni abantu banokuhlukahluka kakhulu kwixabiso leziyobisi ezifunekayo ukunciphisa iimpawu ngaphandle kokuvelisa iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo.
I-Antier Antipsychotics: Iinketho ezingcono?
Inani elitsha lamachiza e-antipsychotic (oko kuthiwa "ama-antipsychotics atypical") sele aqaliswa ukususela ngo-1990. Iyokuqala, i-clozapine (Clozaril), iboniswe ukuba iphumelele ngakumbi kunezinye i-antipsychotics, nangona inokwenzeka imiphumo emibi - ngokukodwa, ukulahlekelwa yintsholongwane-ukulwa namaseli amhlophe egazi (agranulocytosis) - kufuna ukuba izigulane zibekwe iliso ngokuhlolwa kwegazi nganye okanye ezimbini iiveki. Emva komnyaka wegazi elimhlophe libala, igazi liyakuthathwa ngenyanga.
Izidakamizwa ezintsha zokulwa ne-antipsychotic - njenge-risperidone (Risperdal), i-aripiprazole (Abilify), i-quetiapine (iSeroquel) kunye ne-olanzapine (iZyprexa) - zikhuselekileyo malunga ne- tardive dyskinesia (TD) iziyobisi ezinama-atypical zinokuthi zenze igalelo kwimiphumo emibi yemigangatho efana nokufumana ubunzima, ukunyuka kweglucose kunye neepids.
Ukujolisa Iimpawu zeSchizophrenia
Izidakamizwa ze-Antipsychotic zihlala ziphumelela kakhulu ekuphatheni iimpawu ezithile ze-schizophrenia, ngokukodwa i-hallucinations kunye neengcinga. Amachiza angeke abe luncedo kwezinye iimpawu, ezinjengeempembelelo ezincitshisiweyo kunye nokuvezwa kwemvakalelo .
Ama-antipsychotics amadala, amayeza afana ne-haloperidol (i-Haldol) okanye i-chlorpromazine (iTrarazine), inokuvelisa nemiphumo emibi efana nempawu ezinzima kakhulu zokunyanga.
Ukunciphisa umthamo okanye ukutshintsha kumayeza ahlukeneyo kunokunciphisa le micimbi. Amayeza amasha, kuquka i-olanzapine (i-Zyprexa), i-quetiapine (i-Seroquel), i-risperidone (Risperdal), kunye ne-aripiprazole (Abilify), ibonakala ingenakunokwenzeka ukuba ibangele le ngxaki.
Ngamanye amaxesha xa abantu abane-schizophrenia bexinezelekile, ezinye iimpawu zingabonakala ziba nzima. Iimpawu zingaphucula ngokudibanisa imithi echasayo .
Izigulane kunye neentsapho maxa wambi zixhalabele ngemishanguzo ye-antipsychotic esetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-schizophrenia. Ukongeza kokuxhalaba ngemiphumo emibi, banokuxhalabisa ukuba ezo ziyobisi zingakhokelela ekugqiliseni. Nangona kunjalo, imishanguzo ye-antipsychotic ayifuni "ukuphakamisa" okanye ukuziphatha kakubi kubantu abathathayo.
Enye into engafanelekanga malunga nezidakamizwa ze-antipsychotic kukuba zenza uhlobo lokulawula ingqondo okanye "i-chemical straitjacket". Izidakamizwa ze-antipsychotic ezisetyenziselwa umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo 'zingabikho' abantu okanye zithathe inkululeko yabo yokuzikhethela.
Iyeza-antipsychotic kufuneka ekugqibeleni zincede umntu kunye ne-schizophrenia ukujongana nehlabathi ngokubanzi.
Ngaba Abantu Bakude Ngama-Schizophrenia Bamele Bakuthathe Njani Izidakamizwa Ze-Antipsychotic?
Iipilisi ze-Antipsychotic zinciphisa ubukhulu kunye nobukhulu beengqungquthela zengqondo ezizayo kwizigulane ezifunyenwe kwinqanaba. Nangona kuqhubeka unyango lweziyobisi, abanye abantu abayifumeneyo baya kuhlaziya. Izinga eliphezulu lokuphindaphinda liyabonakala xa unyango luyekile.
Unyango lweempawu ezinzima zengqondo zingadinga i-dosage ephezulu kunezo ezisetyenziselwa ukongiwa kwonyango. Ukuba iimpawu zivela kwakhona kumlinganiselo osezantsi, ukunyuka okwexeshana kumlinganiselo kunokuthintela ukuphindaphinda.
Kubalulekile ukuba abantu abane-schizophrenia basebenze kunye noogqirha kunye namalungu entsapho ukuba bahambelane nesicwangciso sazo. Ukunyamekela unyango kubhekisela kwisantya apho izigulane zilandela izicwangciso zonyango ezicetyiswa oogqirha babo. Ukuthobela kakuhle kukubandakanya ukuthatha imithi echanekileyo kwiqondo elichanekileyo kunye nokuphindaphindiweyo ngalunye usuku, ukugcina bonke abaqeshwa, kunye nokulandela ngokunyanisekileyo iinkqubo zonyango. Ukubambelela ngokunyanga kunzima kuba bantu abane-schizophrenia, kodwa kunokwenziwa lula ngokuncediswa kwezicwangciso eziliqela kwaye kukhokelela ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezizathu ukuba abantu abane-schizophrenia abanakho ukuhambelana nonyango. Izigulana zingenakholwa ukuba zigula kwaye zingayiphika imfuno yonyango, okanye zi nokuba neengcinga ezingenakulungelelaniswa ukuba abayikwazi ukukhumbula ukuba bathathe amanani abo.
Amalungu entsapho okanye abahlobo abanakho ukuqonda i-schizophrenia kwaye banokucebisa ngokungafanelekanga umntu onesi-schizophrenia ukuba ayeke unyango xa eziva engcono.
Oogqirha, abadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuncedeni izigulane zabo zihambelane unyango, zinganakuzibuza izigulane ukuba zihlala zithatha njani amayeza okanye zingafuni ukufumana isicelo sesigulane sokutshintsha amayeza okanye uzame unyango olutsha.
Ezinye izigulane zibika ukuba iziphumo eziphambili zonyango zibonakala zibi ngaphezu kwesifo ngokwazo. Ukuqhubela phambili, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwonyango, izigulana ezikhokelela ukuyeka unyango.
Xa isicwangciso sonyango esiyinkimbinkimbi songezwa kuyo nayiphi na le miba, ukunyamezela kakuhle kunokuba nzima nakakhulu.
Kukho izicwangciso ezininzi izigulane, oogqirha, kunye neentsapho ezingasebenzisa ukuphucula ukunyanzelisa nokukhusela ukugula kakubi kwesifo.
Amanye amayeza okulwa ne-antipsychotic atholakala kwiifom ezinokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide eziphelisa isidingo sokuthatha iipilisi imihla ngemihla. Injongo ephambili yophando lwangoku kwonyango lwe-schizophrenia kukuhlakulela uluhlu olubanzi lwe-antipsychotics ende, ngokukodwa i-agents ezintsha ezineempembelelo ezimbi, ezinokuhanjiswa nge-injection.
Iikhalenda zamachiza okanye iibhokisi zeepilisi ezibhalwe ngeentsuku zeveki zinokunceda izigulane kunye nabanononophelo bazi ukuba unyango lunjani okanye aluzange luthathwe. Ukusebenzisa ixesha le-elektroniki elilila xa amayeza kufuneka athathwe, okanye amayeza athathwe kunye neziganeko zemihla ngemihla - njengokutya-kunokunceda izigulane zikhumbule kwaye zihambelane neshedyuli yazo yokulandelelana.
Ukubandakanya amalungu entsapho ekuqwalaseleni amayeza omlomo athathwe zizigulana kunokukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukunyanzelisa.
Ukongezelela, ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokumamela ulwalathiso, oogqirha banokubona ukuba iipilisi ezithathayo ingxaki kwizigulane zabo kwaye zingasebenzisana nazo ukwenza ukunamathela kulula. Kubalulekile ukuthetha nayiphi na inkxalabo malunga nokuthatha amayeza akho kugqirha wakho.
Kuthiwani Ngeempembelelo Zecala?
Izidakamizwa ze-Antipsychotic, njengamayeza onke, zineempembelelo ezingafunekiyo kunye neempembelelo zazo. Ngexesha lokuqala kunyango, izigulane zinokukhathazeka ngemiphumo emibi njengobungqingili, ukungazinzi, ukuqhuma kwemisipha, ukuthuthumela, umlomo owomileyo, okanye ukuphazamiseka kombono. Uninzi lwezi zinto lungalungiswa ngokunciphisa umlinganiselo okanye ukulawulwa ngamanye amayeza.
Izigulane ezahlukeneyo zineempendulo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kunye nemiphumo emibi kwizidakamizwa ezahlukeneyo zokulwa ne-antipsychotic. Isigulane singenza ngcono ngeyonyango enye.
Iziphumo ezide zangexesha elide zezilwanyana ezinqanda i-antipsychotic zingabangela ingxaki enkulu. I-Tardive i-dyskinesia (TD), njengoko ichazwe, yintlupheko ebonakaliswa yiminyango engabonakaliyo ngokuthe rhoqo echaphazela emlonyeni, emlonyeni, nangelwimi, ngamanye amaxesha ityhu okanye ezinye iindawo zomzimba ezifana neengalo nemilenze. Iyenzeka malunga ne-15% ukuya kwi-20% yezigulane ezithe zafumana izidakamizwa ezindala, "eziqhelekileyo" izidakamizwa zokulwa ne-antipsychotic iminyaka emininzi. Kodwa i-TD inokuhlakulela kwizigulane eziye zaphathwa ngala mayeza ngamaxesha amfutshane. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu ze-TD zincinci kwaye isigulane asikwazi ukuhamba.
Imithi ye-Antipsychotic eyenziwa kwiminyaka yamuva nje yonke into ibonakala inomngcipheko ophantsi wokuvelisa i-TD kunabalingani babo abadala, i-antipsychotics yendabuko.
Umngcipheko awunjalo, nangona kunjalo, kwaye unokuvelisa iziphumo ezizimeleyo zabo ezifana nokuzuza ubunzima. Ukongezelela, ukuba kunikezwe kakhulu kwiqondo, iyeza ezinokutsha zingakhokelela kwiingxaki ezifana nokuyeka ukuhlaliswa kweentlalo kunye neempawu ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson, isifo esichaphazela ukunyakaza. Nangona kunjalo, i-antipsychotics entsha ihamba phambili ngokukodwa kunyango, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwabo ngokufanelekileyo kubantu abane-schizophrenia ngumxholo wophando olutshanje.
Unyango lweSchizophrenia
Ulwazi malunga neMicrosoft Antipsychotic Medication
Umthombo:
Iziko zeSizwe zeMpilo yengqondo