Zingaphi i-neurons ezisengqondweni yengqondo? Uqikelelo lwabadala luye lwaphakamisa ukuba iiligidi eziyi-100 yayiyinombolo yomlingo, kodwa uphando olutshanje luchaza ukuba ubuchopho buqulethe i-neurons embalwa kunokuba bakholwa ngaphambili.
Ingqondo yomntu yenziwe yinkonzo edibeneyo ye- neurons . Ezi neurons zisebenza njengeebhloko zokwakha inkqubo ye-nervous, idlulisela ulwazi kwi-brain kunye nasemzimbeni wonke.
Mhlawumbi ulindele ukuba ininzi yeeurons iyadingeka kwinkqubo enzima kangaka, kodwa zingaphi i-neurons ekhona kwingqondo yomntu?
Zingaphi i-Neurons e-Ubuntu Buntu?
Ngokweengqikelela ezininzi, ingqondo yomntu iqulethe i-neurons ezili-100 zeebhiliyoni (zinike okanye zithathe iibhiliyoni ezimbalwa). Olu qi kelelo luvame ukuxelwa kwiminyaka emininzi kwiincwadi ze-neuroscience kunye neengqondo zeemvakalelo kwaye iminyaka emininzi yamkelwe njengento esondeleyo.
Kungekudala, umphandi waseBrazil u-Suzana Herculano-Houzel ufumene ukuba ezi ngqikelelo zingenakuchaneka ngokupheleleyo. Nangona inani likhankanywe ngokubanzi, wafumanisa ukuba akukho mntu wayebonakala eyazi ukuba yiphi na okanye nini le nombolo ivela khona. Emva koko wagqiba ukuphanda ukuze aqinisekise ukuba inani lichanile.
Ukulinganisa inani le-neurons kwingqondo kubonakala ngathi lilula kumphezulu. Sithatha nje isampuli yengqondo, ubale inani le-neurons kweso sampulu uze ulongeze ngakumbi loo ngcaciso ukuba ilandele i-volume yengqondo.
Nangona oku kubonakala ngathi kuyindlela ecacileyo, ubuninzi be-neuron buhluke kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yengqondo. Ukubala i-neurons kwi-high-density part part of the brain kungakhokelela ekuqikeleleni okuphezulu xa kubalwa abo basesigxina esincinci kunokukhokelela ekuqikelelweni okuphantsi.
Ukuze anqobe le ngxaki, abaphandi basebenzisa indlela echaphazelekayo ekudibaneni ukuchithwa kweembrane zeseli ukwenzela ukudala uhlobo "lwesobho seengqondo" ukwenzela ukuba bakwazi ukubala inani leenuclekhi zeseli kwisampuli.
Iinuclei zeeseli zaye zahlanjululwa ukuze zihluke phakathi kwe-neurons kunye ne-glia, ezivumela abaphandi ukuba babale i-nuclei yeseli eyenayo i-neurons.
"Kwandithatha iinyanga ezimbalwa ukwenza uxolo nale ngcamango yokuba ndiza kuthatha ingqondo yomntu okanye ingqondo yesilwanyana ndiyibuyise ibe yisobho," uHerculano-Houzel wachazela uLimo. "Kodwa into esiyifunayo kakhulu ngale ndlela siye safumana amanani abantu abazange bakwazi ukufumana ... Yona yindlela enye enye engeyona into embi ngaphezu kokuba ucoce ubuchopho bakho kwiinqununu."
Bangaphi i-neurons abaphandi abayifumana kwiibongo abaye bahlalutya?
"Sifumene ukuba ngokwemvelo ubuchopho bomntu bunama-neurons ayi-86 billion . Kanjalo akukho nto esibheke ngayo kude kube neebhiliyoni eziyi-100. Ubuchopho bebhoon bunalo okanye malunga nesiqingatha kwinani le-neurons ebuchosheni be-gorilla. Ngoko ke umele omkhulu kakhulu, "kuchaza uHercculano-Houzel.
Ngoko, ngokutsho kolu uphando olutsha, ubuchopho bomntu mhlawumbi bunendawo ethile malunga ne-86 billion neurons.
Neurons Kwezinye Izilwanyana
Ngokutsho kukaHerculano-Houzel, ubuchopho buntu bufana ngokugqithiseleyo nobuchopho bokuqala ngokubaluleka okubalulekileyo: sinesininzi iiseli zengqondo ezifuna amandla amaninzi okwenza amandla nokugcina.
Iingcaphephe zithi ukuqikelelwa kweepesenti ezingama-25 zazo zonke iindleko zethu zamandla ziya kufikelela kuzo zonke iiseli.
Inani elikhulu lee-neurons ezikhoyo ebuchosheni bomntu libonakala ngakumbi xa lifaniswa nezinye iintlobo. Ngoko zingaphi i-neurons kwiibhokhwe zezinye izilwanyana?
- Iintlobo zeFruit: 100,000 neurons
- I-Cockroach: enye yezigidi ze-neurons
- Imouse: izigidi ezingama-75 ze-neurons
- Ikati: Iibhiliyoni ezili-1 ze-neurons
- Ama-Chimpanzi: i-neurons ezili-7 ezigidi
- Indlovu: ii-neurons ezingama-23 zeebhiliyoni
Nangona ingqondo yomntu ingenakho i-mythic 100 ye-neurons eyi-bhiliyoni ekude ikhunjulwe ixesha elide, i-86 billion ayikho into yokunyakaza.
Funda kabanzi malunga neurons kunye nengqondo yomntu:
- Yintoni i-Neuron?
- Ulwakhiwo lwe-Neuron
- I-Anatomy ye-Human Brain
- Ubungakanani Ubunjani Ubunjani?
- Ngaba Sisebenzisa kuphela Ipesenti ezili-10 zobomi bethu?
> Imithombo:
> I-Herculano-Houzel, S. Ubomi bomntu ngokubhaliweyo: Ubunzima bobuchopho bomzimba. Iimida kwiNzululwazi yabantu. 2009; 3 (31): i-doi: 10.3389 / neuro.09.031.2009.
> Orca, S. Umncintiswano wokubuyisela injini ingqondo yomntu. H + Magazine. 2009.
> Randerson, J. Zingaphi i-neurons zenza ubuchopho bomntu? Iibhiliyoni ezimbalwa kunokuba sasicinga. Guardian. 2012.
> Williams, uRobert W. Imephu yeGenesis eyenza i-Modulate Inkqubo yoBuchule boBugcisa: I-Approved Genetic Approach. Ku: Uphuhliso lobuchopho beMouse (i-Goffinet AF, iRakic P, i-eds), i-Springer Verlag, eNew York, 21-49; 2000.