Iimbono zikaSigmund Freud ngabasetyhini babangela ingxabano ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe kwaye baqhubeka bevusa ingxoxo enkulu namhlanje. "Abasetyhini bayayichasa utshintsho, bamkele ngokungenakuqhelaniswa, kwaye bangeniseli nto yabo," wabhala ephepheni le-1925 elinesihloko esithi "Iziphumo zengqondo ye-Anatomic Distingction Between Sexes."
UDonna Stewart, MD, uprofesa kunye nosihlalo wempilo yabasetyhini kwi-Yunivesithi yezeMpilo yaseYunivesithi, wathi, "UFrud wayengumntu wamaxesha akhe.
Wayechasene nenkululeko yokukhululwa kwabafazi kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba ubomi babasetyhini babulawulwa yimisebenzi yabo yokuzala ngokwesondo. "
Umbuzo omkhulu ongakaze uphendulwe, kwaye engayikwazi ukuyiphendula, nangona ndifuna ukuphendula, nangona ndifuna ukuphendula ngantoni yam iminyaka engamashumi amathathu, ngaba 'yintoni umfazi ofuna?' "Ukukhwabanisa kwangoko ku-Sigmund Freud: Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi "ngu-Ernest Jones.
I-Freud Ikholelwa Abafazi Abafumana I-Penis Umona
Umona wePenis ngumlingani wesifazane kwi-Freud yeengcamango zokuxhalabisa. Kwiingcamango zakhe zokuphuhliswa kwengqondo, uFrud uncetyiswa ukuba ngexesha le- phallic (kwisithuba seminyaka emi-3 ukuya kweyimi-5) amantombazana amancinci ayahlukana noomama kwaye kunoko azinikezele uthando lwabo kooyise.
NgokukaFrud, oku kwenzeka xa intombazana iyaqonda ukuba ayinayo ipenisi. "Amantombazana athatha unina onoxanduva lokungabikho komfesane kwaye musa ukumxolela ngenxa yokuba bebekelwe ingxaki," uFrusud wacebisa (1933).
Ngoxa uFrud wayekholelwa ukuba ukufumanisa kwakhe ubunzima be- Oedipal kunye neengcamango ezinxulumene nokuxhalaba kunye nokukhangela umona kwakuyiyona nto eyona nto ifezekileyo, ezi ngcamango mhlawumbi zigxeka kakhulu. Iingcali zengqondo ze-psychoanalyst ezifana noKaren Horney kunye nabanye abacinga ngengqondo besifazane baye bachaza iingcamango zakhe njengoko ziphosakeleyo kwaye zihlambulule.
Inkcazo yokuphikisa i-Oedipal complex is complex complex .
Iindlela ezininzi zeFreud ezivela kwiNyango yakhe ye-Hysteria
Uphiko lwentetho yeFrud ye-revolutionary yashintsha inxalenye evela emsebenzini wakhe noBertha Pappenheim, owaziwa ngokuba ngu- Anna O. Ukubandezeleka kwizinto eza kuthiwa yi- hysteria , wafumana iimpawu ezahlukahlukeneyo ezibandakanya i-hallucinations, amnesia, kunye nokukhubazeka okuyingxenye.
Ngethuba leeseshoni kunye nohlobo lukaFranud, uJoseph Bruer, uPapenen wachaza iimvakalelo zakhe namava. Le nkqubo yayibonakala iyanciphisa iimpawu zakhe, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba ahlaziye indlela "yokunyanga ukuthetha." UPappenheim waqhubeka waba ngu-ntlalontle kwaye wenza igalelo elikhulu kumanyathelo amabhinqa eJamani.
Ekuqaleni, uFrud waphakamisa ukuba izizathu zokungcungcutheka zixhomekeke ekuxhatshazweni koxhatshazwa ngabantwana. Kamva washiya le ngcamango kwaye endaweni yoko wagxininisa indima yeengcamango zesondo ekuphuhliseni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo kunye nezifo.
"Ukuqonda kwakhe kwabesifazane kwakungenakulungeleka, kodwa wenza amanyathelo angaphezu kwezinto ezaziqondwa ngabasetyhini xa efika kwindawo. Kwakuyinto engaqhelekanga kwixesha likaFreud ukuba aqonde ukuba abafazi banomnqweno wesini, kungaphantsi kokutsho ukuba Umxhandi-mlando uPeter Gay wachaza wathi:
Abani Abafazi Kwi-Freud's Life?
Ngoxa uFrud wayehlala ebiza ukuba wayengaqondi kakuhle abafazi, abaninzi abafazi badlala indima ebalulekileyo ebomini bakhe. UFrud wayengumntwana omdala unina (uyise wakhe wayenamadodana amabini adala emtshatweni wangaphambili) kwaye wayehlala echazwa njengeyona nto ayithandayo.
"Ndiye ndafumanisa ukuba abantu abaziyo ukuba bathandwa okanye banomdla ngoomama banikela ubungqina ebomini babo bokuzithemba ngokuzodwa kunye nokuthembela okungenakuzithemba okuvame ukuletha impumelelo yangempela kubanikazi babo," uFrud waphinda waphendula.
Ubuhlobo bukaFreud nomkakhe, uMarta, bendabuko.
"Wayeyindoda enhle kakhulu (hausfrau)," kuchaza umzukulu wakhe, uSophie Freud. Wayeyingozi kakhulu, kwaye utata wayethetha ukuba unina wayenokuba ubhubhise yonke indlu kunokuphelisa ukutya. "
UFrud wakhuliswa kunye noodade abaninzi kwaye kamva waba nguyise oonyana abathathu neentombi ezintathu, kuquka no- Anna Freud , owadlala indima enkulu ekuqhubeni umsebenzi kayise.
Abafazi abalulekileyo kwi-Psychoanalysis
Ngoxa uFrud uchaza abafazi bengaphantsi kwamadoda, abaninzi abafazi babe negalelo ekuphuhliseni nasekuphuculweni kwengqondo. Umfazi wokuqala ukujoyina i-Freud yeVienna Psychoanalytic Society yayinguHelene Deutsch ngo-1918. Wanyathelisa incwadi yokuqala ye-psychoanalytic ngobungqingili besini kwaye wabhala ngokubanzi kwizihloko ezinjengeengqondo zentombazana, ubuntombi besifazane kunye nobuntombi.
I-psychoanalyst yomzimba (kunye no-Carl Jung oyithandana naye- timetime ) uSabina Spielrein naye waba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni i-psychoanalysis. Ekuqaleni wayeyinye yezigulane zikaJung. Ngethuba leminyaka yokuqala yobuhlobo bukaFreud noJung, la madoda mabini achitha ixesha elide lixoxa ngecala likaSpielrein eliye labanceda ukujonga ezininzi iimvo zabo. I-Spielrein ngokwayo ikwaziswa ngokuhlakulela ingcamango yokufa kwendalo kunye nokuzisa i-psychoanalysis eRashiya.
I-Psychoanalyst uKaren Horney yaba ngumnye wabagxeki bokuqala beembono zikaFreud kwizengqondo zentombi. UMelanie Klein waba ngumbutho ovelele wengingqi ye-psychoanalytic waza waqulunqa inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi "ukudlala unyango, esasetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje.Kongezelela, intombi yakhe, u-Anna Freud, yadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhubekisweni phambili kweengcamango zikayise kunye negalelo kakhulu kwengqondo yengqondo yengqondo.
Ezinye izimvo ezichasayo
Akumangalisi ukuba, ezinye iinani ezibalulekileyo kwengqondo zineempendulo zabo kwi-Freud kwaye zisoloko zikhohlakisayo kwizengqondo zentombi. UKaren Horney wayengomnye umgxeki, uthabathe umqondo kaFreud wesono somona kwaye uzinikezela ngokwakhe ukuthatha ingqondo yengqondo yomntu. Kwaye umzukulu kaFrud wayeza kunikezela ngokugxeka isihlobo sakhe esidumileyo.
UKaren Horney: Ingcamango kaFreud yempesheni yayigxekwa ngexesha lakhe, ngokugqithiseleyo nguPaul Horney. Wacetyisa ukuba ngamadoda athathwe kakubi ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuzala abantwana, awayebhekisele kuwo ngokuthi "isibeletho somona."
Impendulo kaFrud : UFrud waphendula, nangona ngokuthe ngqo, ukubhala, "Asisoze sothuswa gqitha ukuba umhlalutyi womfazi ongazange aneliseke ngokwaneleyo kwinqweno yesifiso sakhe sokuba ipenisi nayo ihluleka ukubambisa ukubaluleka okufanelekileyo kuloo nto izigulane "(Freud, 1949). NgokukaFrud, imbono kaHorney yesibindi isivalo siphumelele ngenxa yecala lakhe elifunwa ngumona.
U-Sophie Freud: Nangona i-Freud yeembono zesini zobuntombi yayivame ukuchasene nokunyamekela kobukhohlakeli bexesha lama-Victorian, wayesengumntu othile ngexesha lakhe. Umsebenzi wakhe uvame ukugxothwa njengomntu ongenalwazi kunye nomzukulu wakhe, uSophie Freud, wachaza iingcamango zakhe njengexesha elidlulileyo. "Iimbono zakhe zakhula ebantwini. Wayebonakalisa kwiingcamango zakhe ukuba inkolelo yokuba abafazi babesisibini kwaye babengenasisiseko kwaye abazange balinganise ngokuqhelekileyo," kuchaza.
Iingcamango Zokugqibela: Ngisho noFreud ngokwakhe uvume ukuba ukuqonda kwakhe kwabasetyhini kwakunzima. Wabhala ngo-1933 wathi: "Yiyo yonke into endikuthethayo malunga nobufazi." Ngokuqinisekileyo ayinelisekanga kwaye ayiqhelani rhoqo ... Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nobufazi, buza kumava akho ebomini, okanye uguqulele kwizimbongi, okanye ulinde ukuba inzululwazi ingakunika ulwazi olunzulu kunye nolunye. "
Ukuqonda iMiboniselo kaFreud namhlanje
Namhlanje, abaninzi abahlalutyi bathetha ukuba kunokuba singamkeli iimbono zikaFrud ngokucacileyo, simele sigxile ekuphuhliseni imbono emitsha kwiingcamango zakhe zangaphambili. Njengomnye umbhali wathi, "UFrud ubuyekeze iimbono zakhe ngokuphindaphindiweyo njengoko waqokelela idatha entsha waza wafikelela kwiingcamango ezintsha.
Imithombo:
> Freud, S. Ezinye iziphumo zengqondo ye-Anatomical Distinction phakathi kwezesondo, eStrachey, J. (Eds), i -Standard Standard ye-Psychological Works ye-Sigmond Freud. 19 . I-London: I-Hogarth Press, iphep.241-60; 1925.
> Freud, S. IziNtshumayelo ezitsha zokuQala kwi-Psychoanalysis. ENew York: Norton. (Iguqulelwe nguWJH Sprott); 1933.
> Freud, S. I-Outline ye-Psychoanalysis. ENew York: Norton; 1949.
> Jones, E. (1953). Ubomi kunye noMsebenzi we-Sigmund Freud. ENew York: Iincwadi eziSiseko, Inc.
> Sayers, J. (1991). Unina we-Psychoanalysis. ENew York: WW Norton.