Iimbali zengxaki yokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle (SAD) zichazwe ngokubhekiselele njengoluhlu lweziganeko ezibangela ukuxilongwa esiyazi namhlanje. Nangona kungathi ngathi i-SAD ayizange ixilongwe ngokugqithiseleyo ixesha elide, imbono yokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle ibuyele ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-20.
Ngezantsi uzakufumana umgca wembali wembali obalaselisa amanqaku amakhulu okujika kwimbali ye-SAD kwakunye nezinye izibonda ezithandekayo ezenzeka kwindlela.
Iminyaka Yokuqala
- 400 BC: Ingcamango yentswelo yoluntu ivela emva kwe-400 BC Ngalo xesha, uHippocrates wachaza umntu onamahloni njengomntu "othanda ubumnyama njengobomi" kwaye "ucinga ukuba wonke umntu uyamjonga."
- Ekuqaleni kwee-1900: Kwiminyaka yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, izifo zengqondo zasebenzisa imigaqo efana ne-social phobia kunye neurosisisti yentlalo ekubhekiselele kwizigulane ezinamahloni.
Ephakathi Kuma-Century
- Ngowe-1950: UMfokazi wezifo zengqondo waseMzantsi Afrika uJoseph Wolpe wanikela indlela yokuqhubela phambili kwindlela yokwelapha yokuziphatha nge-phobias ngomsebenzi wakhe ophuhlisa ubuchule bokuchithwa kwemiqathango.
- Ngama-1960: I- Psychiatrist yaseBrithani i-Isaac Marks icetyise ukuba i-phobias yentlalo ibhekwe njengoluhlu oluhlukileyo nolunye uhlobo lwama-phobias alula.
- Ngowe-1967: UBarra Streisand walilibala ingoma yakhe ingoma xa ehlabelela kwiCentral Park, elalibhekiselele kwixhala ebelifumene unyango.
- Ngowe- 1968: Kwisiqulatho sesibini seNgcaciso yeSifo kunye neStatistical of Disabilities (DSM-II), eshicilelwe nguMbutho wezeMpilo waseMelika, ukwesaba kwentlalo kuchazwa njengento ethile yeemeko zentlalo okanye ukwesaba okugqithisileyo ukugcinwa okanye ukuhlolisiswa ngabanye . Kule ngxelo kwimbali, inkcazo yentlalo yoluntu yayincinci.
Ukusondela kwiMillenium
- Ngowe-1980: Kwiseshoni yesithathu ye-DSM (DSM-III), i-phobia yentlalo ibandakanywe njengesifo sengqondo esisemthethweni. Kule nguqulelo, i-phobia yentlalo ichazwe njengento yokwesaba imeko yokusebenza kwaye ayibandakanyi ukwesaba kweemeko ezingekho phantsi kweemeko ezinjengeengxoxo eziqhelekileyo. Abantu abanezoyiko ezininzi babenokuthi bafumaneke ukuba banokukhuseleka komntu ( okungeke kutholakale ngexesha elifanayo ne-social phobia).
- Ngo-1985: Isazi sengqondo sikaMichael Liebowitz kunye nesazi sengqondo sezonyango uRichard Heimberg saqalisa ucingo kwizenzo zophando kwizentlalo. Kuze kube ngolu hlobo, uphando olwenziwe ngongxaki alukho, lukhokelela abanye ukuba babhekise kulo njengengxaki "yokukhathazeka."
- Ngowe-1987: Ukuhlaziywa kwi-DSM-III kukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwezinye iinkqubo zokuxilonga . Ukuxilongwa ngoku kufuneke ukuba iimpawu zibangela "ukuphazamiseka okanye ukukhathazeka okuphawulekayo" kunokuba nje "ukukhathazeka okukhulu." Kwakhona ngoku kunokwenzeka ukuxilonga i-phobia yentlalo kunye nokukhuseleka komntu kwisifo esifanayo. Ekugqibeleni, igama elithi "i- social media phobia ", ngokubhekiselele kwindlela ekhuselekileyo neyandileyo yesifo, yaziswa.
- Ngama-1990: UDonny Osmond waxhwaba kakhulu xa eqhuba ngoJoseph no-Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat.
- Ngo-1994: I-DSM-IV yapapashwa kwaye i-term disorder disorder disorder (SAD) yatshintsha indawo yoluntu. Eli gama elitsha lisetyenziselwa ukubhekisela kwindlela uloyiko olubanzi kunye nolwazi olubanzi olusetyenziswe ngayo. Kule nguqulelo entsha, ukuphazamiseka kwachazwa ngokuthi "ukwesaba okuphawulweyo kunye nokuqhubekayo kweyodwa okanye ngaphezulu kweemeko zentlalo okanye zentsebenzo apho umntu evelele kubantu abangaqhelekanga okanye ukuhlolisiswa ngabanye." Inkqubo yokuxilonga yatshintshwa kuphela kwi-DSM-III-R.
INew Millenium
- 2006: Umdlali webhola u-Zack Greinke ufumanisa ukuba unengxaki yokuxhalabisa abantu.
- 2007: .com yaqala iphepha layo lokuqala malunga nokukhathazeka kweentlalo. Le thayibrari yezibonelelo sele ikhulile ibe ngamakhulu okanye amanqaku ngesihloko kunye nephepha le-Facebook elihambelanayo (Ngeengxaki Zokukhathazeka Kwezenhlalakahle) zaqaliswa ukubonelela indawo kubantu abaphethe i-SAD ukuqokelela.
- Ngo-2012: USusin KaKayine wakhicilela incwadi enxulumene neTangentially "Quiet," eyayikhuthaza izinto ezintle zokuqala. Oku kubangele ukudideka, kwaye mhlawumbi kwongezwa kwingcamango yengxaki yokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle kungeyona "ingxaki yangempela."
- Ngo-2013: I-DSM-V yashicilelwe, ingatshintsho encinci ekuxilongweni kweengxaki zengxakini kwezentlalo ngaphandle kwegama lexesha lokuxilonga.
ILizwi
Ukuqonda ukuguqulwa kwe-diagnostic disorder disorder kuyasiza ekufundeni ngakumbi malunga neempawu zakho nendlela abaza kuphathwa ngayo. Ukuqhubela phambili, mhlawumbi iindlela ezintsha zokuphatha i-SAD ziya kuchongwa-ngokukodwa kwindawo yeteknoloji kunye nokuhanjiswa kweyeza. Njengoko siqhubela phambili ngokuvavanya i-genetic, kusenokwenzeka ukuba siza kuqonda ukuqonda kangcono izizathu ezingundoqo zezifo.
Imithombo:
I-Furmark T. I- phobia yeNtlalo: Ukususela kwi-epidemiology ukuya kwi-brain function (i-dissertation). Uppsala, eSweden: iSebe lezeNgqondo, iYunivesithi yaseUppsala; 2000.
KwiNkcazo yeNtlalo. Inkcazelo ye-DSM-V yesifo sokuxhalabisa abantu.
Weiner IB, i-Freeheim DK. Incwadi yengqondo . ENew York: uJohn Wiley & Son; 2004.