Ibali lokubuyiselwa kwi-Alcohol neNicotine Addiction
Abantu bahlala becinga ukuba ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba bayeke ukusela kunye nokutshaya. Izilungo, zombini i-nicotine kunye nelotywala, zinzima. Mhlawumbi ufunde ulwazi malunga nendlela oku kwenzeka ngayo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha akukho nto ikhuthaza kwaye ikhuthaze njengokuva ibali lomntu ophumelele ukuyeka zombini ezo zilingo ngokwazo.
Yiyiphi abantu abaninzi abayifumeneleyo abaye bafunda, kukuba imigaqo enokukunceda ukuba ubuyisele kumlingo omnye kunokunceda kakhulu ekubuyiseleni kwenye. Nangona oku akusiyo yonke into emangalisayo, asivumi ukuva amabali malunga nendlela oku kusebenza ngayo. Makhe sijonge ukuphucula kokubili kokusela nokutshaya, ezinye zezinto ezifanayo kunye nokwahlukana, kwaye wabelane ibali lomfazi ophumelele kunye bobabini.
Ukwazisa kunye nokujongana noMlingo
Njengoko sijonge inkqubo yokuphucula utywala kunye ne-nicotine, ukuvela kwi-awareness kuya kuphucula ixesha elide, siza kujonga umzekelo wesibini omnye ogama linguMaggie. Ngexesha lebali lakhe, wayeneminyaka engama-22 engummangaliso kunye nomnyaka owodwa ongabikho umsi. Ukongezelela ekujongeni amanyathelo okuphucula, izifundo esizifundayo kulabo ababuyiselwayo zibaluleke kakhulu.
Abantu baya kukwazisa kwaye ke umnqweno wokulungisa ingxaki zabo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Uhambo lukaMaggie lomntu wokuphulukana nokusela utywala lwaqala xa wajoyina i-Alcoholics Anonymous.
Kwincwadi yakhe, i-Alcoholics Anonymous, omnye wabalingani-basebenzi, uBill, uchaza imbali yakhe yokusela kunye nebali. Njengoko uMaggie weva ibali likaBill, ngokukhawuleza wazichaza ngeemvakalelo zakhe. Wayeva ubunzima obufanayo, ukuzisola, ukungenakunceda, nokuphazamiseka. Nangona ibali lokusela lokunxila lihlukile, kukho ezininzi izinto eziqhelekileyo njengoko kuboniswe apha.
Kwaye ezo zintlalo zibanceda abantu bazi ukuba bodwa, kodwa kunokuba inxalenye yoluntu lubuyele.
Ubutywala obungabonakaliyo kunye neeNtlanganiso
Utywala Ongaziwayo akayihlolisisi uhlobo okanye iziphumo zomzimba zotywala. Kunoko, le nkqubo ijolise ngokuphila ngeqela lemigaqo yokomoya ( i-12 iYezinyathelo ) ezikhokelela ukuphuza utywala kwindawo ebonwabileyo kwaye isebenzise ngokupheleleyo.
Njengabaninzi bamatywala abafumana i-Alcoholics Anonymous, uMaggie wangena kwiintlanganiso yakhe yokuqala ngokuzimisela ukwenza konke okufunekayo ukuba ayeke ukusela. Kwaye, njengabanye abaninzi, uMaggie wayevalelwa ngokukhululeka ngokukhawuleza ekugqibeleni kwakhe ngotywala. Kodwa ukukhululwa akukona unyango. Xa sele utywala, uhlala utywala, kodwa ukunyanzeliswa kudla ngokuphakanyiswa ngale ndlela yokuxhasa.
Ukuya kwiintlanganiso ezingabonakaliyo ezinxilisayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luphawu oluphambili kangakanani, akuyona into yinto enye. Inkululeko yokusela kotywala kuxhomekeke ekuzibopheleleni ukuya kwiintlanganiso ze-AA, ukwenza umthandazo wemihla ngemihla (kumandla akho aphezulu nantoni na enokuba nayo) nokucamngca. Ukuqhubeka nokuphila ngemigaqo echazwe kwiincwadi ethi "Utywala obengaziwayo" kunye ne "Izihlandlo ezilishumi elinambini kunye neenkcubeko ezilishumi elinesibini" zibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlaleni.
Ukubuyiselwa kudla ngokuquka ukuxhaswa kwabasandul 'ukuza, kunye nokwabelana ngokubuyisela kwakho nabanye.
Ukubuyiselwa kwi-Alcohol Addiction yiNkqubo eqhubekayo
Ukubuyiselwa okwenzekayo kungekudala. Nangona uMalgie akhululwa ekunyanzelekeni ukusela, wahlala ephika ixesha elithile; ukukhanyela ayenokukuqonda ekugqibeleni ukuba usuqukile. Kwiintlanganiso, abantu beva amabali amaninzi. Abanye abantu banomuvo wokukhanyela xa beva malunga nabanye bezahlukana, okanye bangena enkingeni ngomthetho ngokusela. Akunjalo wonk 'ubani onxilisayo uya kuba nayo yonke imiphumo, kodwa loo nto ayibenzi "ngaphantsi" kotywala.
Ungaba ngumnxila okanye awukho. Kwintlanganiso enye, uMaggie weva elinye ibhinqa isabelo sokuba wayexhaphaze abantwana bakhe. Wathi yena ngokwakhe, "Andizange ndiyenze oko," engayinaki into yokuba wayengenabantwana! Nangona kukho iindidi zokuziphatha ezinokuthi zihlobene notywala, utywala ngumnxila.
Kubantu abaninzi, ukuphulukana lixesha xa befunda ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kunokubangele umonakalo omkhulu kunokuba babecinga. U-Maggie, wayengumgcini we-closet ukuze ukusela kwakhe kwakungekho miphumo emihle ekuziphatheni kwakhe. Kodwa umonakalo ekucingeni kwakhe, emoyeni wakhe, kunye nobudlelwane bakhe obunzulu babunzulu.
Ukubuyiselwa kwindlela yokuphuza utywala yinkqubo yokuphila. Njengoko uMaggie ephawula, kwiminyaka engama-22 yobulungu be-AA esebenzayo, nanini na umntu ebuyela kwiprogram emva kokuba "isaphulelo," ibali lilinganayo. Abantu bakholelwa ukuba banokuyeka ukuya ezintlanganisweni. Okanye bayayigatya inkqubo yokomoya. Okanye bafumana i-cocky encinci baze bacinge ukuba banokusela kuphela. Umnxila obunxilisayo uyazi ukuba uphuzo oluninzi kwaye amaninzi okusela awanelanga.
Ukubuyiselwa Kwimiqathango yokuThengiswa koTywala
Njengoko utywala utywala, into eninzi abantu abayifunayo emva kwemizamo emininzi yokuyeka ukutshaya kukuba ukuyeka ngokuzimela kwodwa kubonakala kungenakuqhamo. Ukuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiweyo kuqhelekileyo, kwaye kunokukhokelela umntu ukuba akholwe ukuba uya kutshaya.
Njengokuba isinyathelo sokuqala seNxilaba engabonakaliyo ibandakanya ukuvuma ukuba awunamandla kumntu, abo baqonda ukuba amandla okuba yedwa akwanele ukuyeka ukutshaya kaninzi kuphumelele. Kodwa kukho ezininzi izixhobo ezingaphezu kwamandla anokunceda.
Abanye abantu bakuthola kuncedo ukubandakanya inkxaso yabanye. UMaggie wajoyina iforamu yenkxaso kwaye wafumanisa ukuba wazifumanisa ngokukhawuleza nabanye abajongene nomzabalazo wabo wokuyeka. Imithombo ye-intanethi iyatholakala kulabo abanqwenela ukhetho lokuyeka phakathi koluntu lwabantu abazama ukukhaba loo mkhuba.
Ukushiya Kunokwenzeka
Inkululeko yokubhema inokwenzeka. Enye yezinyathelo zokuqala zabantu abaninzi banqoba ukwesaba ukuyeka . Nangona ungazange ushiye ngaphambili, mhlawumbi uzame ukunqumla, okanye ubuncinane uzame ukulinda iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba usebenze kwivenkile ukuthenga ugwayi ngaphezulu. Uxinzelelo oluvela kulawo mava lunokongeza ukwesaba kwakho. Kodwa ukuphinda kwenzeka. Kuthatha umsebenzi, ixesha, umonde, nokunyamezela, kodwa kunokwenzeka.
Ukusebenzisa iMigaqo ye-AA yokuyeka ukutshaya
Ininzi yemigaqo yoTywala engaziwayo ingaba luncedo ngokuphelisa ukutshaya.
I-AA icebisa ukuba ngamnye omtsha acele umntu ukuba abe ngumxhasi wakhe. Abantu abanqwenela ukuyeka ukutshaya banqwenela ukuzama le ndlela, kwaye yiloo nto uMaggie enza ngayo. Ufumene umcebisi wokuyeka ukutshaya kwi-intanethi (jonga unxibelelwano kwizixhobo ezingasentla) ukumnceda ukuba akhangele oko kwakufuneka akwenze ukuyeka ukulungela.
Olunye ucezu lweengcebiso ezivela kwi-AA kukuba "luphume embizeni yomsindo uze ungene kwinkqubo." UMaggie ufumene lo mbono uncedo ukukhaba umkhwa wakhe wokutshaya. Ngokugxininisa kwisicwangciso senkqubo, unokutshintsha isimo sengqondo sakho kunye nokuxhumeka kwengqondo kunye noogwayi, ngokufunda, ukucamngca kunye nokwabelana.
Njengoko ukuphuza utshwala, ukuyeka ukutshaya kubandakanya ukuguquka kwengqondo. Olu tshintsho lwengqondo lunzulu kunokuba utshintsho lwengqondo, kwaye abaninzi bathi ibinguqu yemoya eyenzekayo ngokufunda amanyathelo angama-12 kunye nokuphila ngokwemfundiso. Ukunyanzeliswa ukusela okanye ukutshaya kungasuswa ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ukubuyisela kukuguqulwa kokuqhubekayo ukuze ube ngumntu ongcono.
Ngeenyanga ezintandathu ekugqibeleni kwakhe ukutshaya, uMaggie waqaphela ukuba utshintsho lwengqondo olufunekayo ukuze abuyele ekudakwa kotywala kwakuya kuphelisa umlutha wakhe wokuba utywala, ukuba wayenokufumana inkululeko kunye noxolo oluhlala njalo.
Kuthatha ixesha lolwazi malunga nokulutha kwe- nicotine ukudlula ukusuka kolwazi lwekhanda ukuya kwingqiqo. UMaggie wafumanisa ukuba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inkululeko ayeyiphumelele ngokungazinzi, yaba ngumxhelo ngokubhema ukutshaya.
Ukurhoxiswa koLwaphulo loTywala
Ukutywala utywala kunokuxakalisa abanye abantu kwiintsuku zokuqala. Iimpawu zokurhoxisa utywala zizinto zomzimba nezengqondo, kwaye zinokuquka ukujuluka, ukuthuthumela (okunokubundlobongela), kunye neengcamango ezivalo (ngokuqhelekileyo ukubonwa, cinga: izimbungulu zikhwela esikhumbeni sakho). UMaggie uyavuma ukuba ukurhoxiswa kwakhe kotywala kwambangela ukuhlushwa ngokomzimba nangokwenyama. Wachaza nje ngokuba yi-grenade yesandla samakhemikhali esineempembelelo ezinobungqina kuzo zonke i-neurotransmitters kwingqondo yakhe.
Kodwa nangona wayebuhlungu, kwaphela iintsuku ezimbalwa kuphela. Njengoko waphinde wakwazi ukutya nokusela amanzi, amandla akhe abuya. Ukuzivocavoca kunceda njengoko abantu baqala ukuziva bephucula kwiiveki ezimbalwa, kodwa kungathatha iiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokulala ukubuyela kwizinto eziqhelekileyo.
Ukurhoxiswa kwiNicotine Addiction
Ukurhoxiswa kwi-nicotine kudla ngokuthe kancinci, kodwa kunokuza kunye neempawu ezinzulu zokuxhalaba kunye nengcinezelo yengqondo okanye yengcinezelo yokusiya. Ngokutsho kukaMaggie, ukuba i-nicotine yayithintele i-neurotransmitta embalwa engqondweni yakhe kunokuba itywala, yayisashiya utshintsho olunzulu.
Iveki yokuqala yokuyeka ukutshaya yinkxalabo, kodwa kwanokuzibophezela ngokupheleleyo ukuba ungabi notshingo, unokuba nolwaphulo lweemfuno zeveki ezininzi.
Abantu abaye baphumelela ukuyeka umkhwa bahlala bethetha nge "icky three" zokuyeka. Ezi ziquka:
- Ezintathu iintsuku. Ixesha elibi kunazo zonke lokukhutshwa ngokomzimba.
- Iiveki ezi-3. Ixesha apho ukuhoxiswa ngokomzimba kuncipha kwaye ukuhoxiswa kwengqondo kuthatha.
- Iinyanga ezintathu. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa "i-blahs," kwiinyanga ezi-3 emva kokuyeka-umhla othile wokutsha ukuyeka ukugqithisa, kwaye abanye abantu bayazibuza, "Ngaba konke oko kukho?" Eli lixesha eliqhelekileyo lokubuyela kuphinda lenzeke.
UMaggie ufumanise ukuba izihlandlo ayezifumana ngezinye iinkhathi zinjengeemilayezo, kwaye kwakhona waba nomuzwa wokuthi amandla angenako okwaneleyo. Kodwa wayekwazi ukuyisebenzisa uya kuba namandla ngezinye iindlela. Wasebenzisa amandla akhe okukhetha ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuyeka ukubhema, kwaye wasebenzisa amandla akhe ukuba akhethe ukuthenga ipakethi yokugqibela yeegereyi. Kunokuba luncedo ukuqaphela iziphumo zakho, ezo zinto zihambelana nezifiso zakho ezinamandla. KuMaggie, bekukuhlwa (okubangela ukukhanya kwelanga) kodwa kwabanye abantu baya kuba neendlela ezihlukileyo.
Indlela yokubuyiswa kweNicotine inokuhlukana njani nokuTywala kotywala
Ukubuyisela kunzima, nokuba kuvela kwi-nicotin okanye utywala, kodwa ibali likaMaggie libonisa ukungafani okubalulekileyo; ukwahlukana okunokuba luncedo ukuqonda ukubuyisela izidakwa ezinxilisayo ezizama ukuyeka i-nicotine.
Ukulutha kweNicotine kudla ngokusondeleyo. UMaggie, umzekelo, wafumanisa ukuba emva kwentlanganiso yakhe yokuqala ye-AA, akukho nto, kwanokufa komyeni wakhe, yamenza ukuba afune ukuqala ukusela kwakhona. Ngokwahlukileyo, wafumanisa ukuba yonke into yayibangela ukutshaya; amaxesha amahle, amaxesha anzima, kunye namaxesha aqhelekileyo, aqhelekileyo afakwe.
Kungaba nzima ukuyeka ukutshaya emva kokuyeka ukusela. Iingcamango zokurhoxisa zingahle zenze i-whisper ukuba unelungelo lokungenani umkhuba omnye omubi.
Ukongezelela, iimeko ezenza umntu ukuba ayeke ukusela, ngokuhlala esemthethweni okanye ebudlelwaneni, akaqhelekanga ngokubhema. Ubuncinane kwixesha lexesha, umntu unokuziqinisekisa ukuba ukuba badla ukutya okunempilo, azilimazi umzimba wabo. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuphefumula okufutshane okanye ukukhwehlela okugubungelayo okuphelela ukuba yi ntsikelelo, kuba iphakamisa inkxalabo.
UMaggie ufumene ukuba unamathele kubungqina balabo abengabikho umsi womnyaka wakhe wokuqala njengomntu ongabhemi. Njengoko ixesha liqhubeka, izifiso zakhe zanciphisa, kwaye zanciphisa ukuba zikhumbuze ngezihlandlo kwaye zize zivele zicinge. Nangona wayeziva ekhululekile ekunyanzelekeni ukusela ngosuku ajoyina i-AA, kwamthatha unyaka opheleleyo wokusebenza kanzima ukufumana inkululeko ekugqithiseni i-nicotine. Wafumanisa ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba angabonakali ukucinga ukutshaya.
Ngokubhekiselele kummahluko phakathi kokuphuza utywala kunye nokubuyiswa kwe-nicotine kuMaggie, ukholelwa ukuba i-nicotine yayifake ingqondo engqondweni yakhe ngendlela enamandla kakhulu kunotywala. Ukholelwa ukuba uya kufuneka alondoloze ngokugqithiseleyo ukuyeka ukuyeka ukuyeka ukutshaya. Mhlawumbi le yeso sizathu sokuba ezinye iiforamu zokuyeka ukutshaya zimema amalungu ukuba afake "amaphiko" kwisayinwa yabo kuphela emva kokuhlala engenaye umsi iminyaka emihlanu.
Inkululeko yokuKhatywala, ukuLinda, nokubulela
Umhla ophawula umntu wokugqibela isiselo okanye ugwayi wokugcina ubonisa ukuphela kweminyaka yobukhoboka, kunye nokuqala kohambo oluqhubekayo lokubuyisela.
Nangona abantu befikelela ekukhululekeni kwiimilutha zabo, umlutha uhlala kwaye unomlutha. Akulungile ukuba uphuze omnye okanye ugwayi omnye kuba ubuya kubuya kumntu wobukhoboka owaziwayo njengomlutha.
Ngoxa uMaggie wayeneminyaka engama-22 engqongqo, wafumanisa ukuba ukuphuma kwakhe kwi-nicotine yi-freedom liberty. Kanti ukholelwa ukuba xa ehlala ethobekileyo, egcina uxolo, kwaye uzama ukunceda abanye abanqwenela ukufumana ukutshayeka kwe-nicotine, uya kuhlala engabhemi.
Ukuzibuza into ayithandayo abanye bayazi ukuba uMaggie uthi, "Nangona ndasebenza nzima ukuba ndifikelele inkululeko, ndinomdla ukuba ndiyimangalisa yobubele bukaThixo obuza kum msebenzi wabantu abasungula indawo zokufumana izinto ezifana noTywala kunye nabangenayo. Ukuyeka ukutshaya. Ndimangalisa kwinkqubo eqhubekayo yobomi obonwabileyo, bukhululekile kwaye buzele ukubulela. "
Ukuyeka ukutshaya kuTywala
Ukuba uhlaziye utywala kwaye utshaya, ungesabi. Unokucinga ukuba ukunqoba izilwanyana ezimbini kunokugqitha, kodwa akunjalo. Uphando olwenziwe ngo-2006 lubonise ukuba abantu abanomdla wokusela utywala babenokwenzeka ukuba bayeke ukutshaya njengabo babengabinxila, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha banako ukuyeka ngokulula.
Ngaphantsi kwindlela yokubuyisela ukuphuza nokusela
Eli bali lokubuyiselwa kokunxila kunye nokubhema ukubhema, lubonisa indlela indlela yokufanelana nayo inokusebenza ngayo zombini. Imigaqo yoTywala engaziwayo kunye neZishumi elinesibini iya kunceda abo banqwenela ukuyeka ukutshaya kunye nokuhlala beqatha. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukungafani.
Ukuxilonga nokubheja kotywala kufuthi kuhamba, kodwa kuyaqinisekisa ukuba abantu abanomdla wokusela utywala abanakho ubunzima bokuyeka ukutshaya ngaphandle kwabo bangenayo. Enyanisweni, njengoko uMaggie echaze ukuba izixhobo awayezifunda kwi-Alcoholics Anonymous zamnceda ukuba ayeke ukutshaya, uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuphuza izidakwa kunokudinga amanyathelo angenelelo ukukhaba ngokukhawuleza umkhwa wokutshaya.
> Imithombo:
> Utywala obengaziwa ngeBrithani enkulu. Amanyathelo alishumi elinambini yoTywala angaziwayo. https://www.alcoholics-anonymous.org.uk/about-aa/theth-
> Joly, B., Perriot, J., de Athis, P. et al. Ukuphumelela kweeNkcitho kwiSitshixo sokuSwaya: UkuCwangcisa kweengqondo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwaye idibanisene nezinye izinto ezifana neengxaki ze-Psychoactive. PLoS One . 12 (10: e0184800.