AbaNtsundu nabaseSpain bafuna ukunyanzelisa ubundlobongela
Imibhangqwana emnyama neyamaSpeyinzi ibini ephindwe kathathu ukunika ingxelo yobundlobongela obubesilisa nabesilisa kunye nabesifazane kunye nabasetyhini kunezibini ezitshatileyo, kunye nokusela utywala kubambe iqhaza ekwenzeni ukwanda kobundlobongela, ngokukodwa phakathi kwezibini ezimnyama.
Akumangalisi ukuba amaninzi malunga nolwalamano olusenyongweni olusenyongweni luye lwahluka ngokubanzi kwisifundo sokufunda kunye nonyaka unyaka.
Ubundlobongela obundlobongelayo akusiyo sihloko ukuba mhlawumbi ixhoba okanye umenzi wobubi unqwenela ukubonakalisa. Kungokuhlazisa ukuba bobabini bathethe ngaphandle kwendlu.
Ngoko ke, ulwalamano olusondeleyo lomlingani mhlawumbi luninzi lwangaphantsi, kwaye iipesentezi ezichazwe kuphando zophando ziyakwazi ukuhluka ngokubanzi ukusuka kwisifundo sokufunda.
Ubundlobongela basekhaya basebenze kakhulu phakathi kwamaqela
Nangona ngokuqinisekileyo amanani alungileyo afumanekiyo, uphando ngokubanzi luvuma ukuba phakathi kwamacandelo e-United States, abantu abamnyama banako ukufumana ubudlova basekhaya-nokuba yindoda-kwintombi okanye ibhinqa-yindoda-ilandelwa yi-Hispanics kwaye abamhlophe . AmaAsia angenakuncinane ukufumana ulwalamano olusenyongweni.
Isikolo seminyaka emihlanu iYunivesithi yaseTexas Houston yoPhando lwezeMpilo ngoLuntu ngonyaka ka-2000 wezibini ezi-1,025-kuquka i-406 ezimhlophe, ezingama-232 ezimnyama, kunye ne-387 yase-Hispanic. kunye nobudlobongela obusetyhini kunye nabalingani abamhlophe.
Izibini ezitshatywayo zichaze amazinga amabhinqa angamadoda kunye namabhinqa namabhinqa angama-8 kunye neepesenti ezili-10, ngokulandelanayo. Okwangoku, izibini ezibomnyama zixela amaxabiso angama-20 eepesenti kunye nama-22 ekhulwini, ngokulandelanayo; Iibinikazi zaseSpeyin zivakalisa iipesenti ezingama-21 kunye neepesenti ezingama-20, ngokulandelana.
Iziganeko ezibangela ukuBanjwa nokuQiniseka
I-Ofisi yezoBulungisa base-United States ye-Justice Statistics ibika malunga neengxaki zecala lobudlobongela obusondeleyo apho umntu obanjwa khona kwaye enetyala.
Ingxelo yabo ibonisa inani labaxhoba kubantu abayi-1 000.
Ngo-1994 i-ofisi yabika ukuba abamhlophe abamhlophe, aba-20.3 abamnyama kunye nama-18.8 ama-Hispanics ngabantu abayi-1 000 babengamaxhoba obundlobongela basekhaya. Kodwa ngonyaka wama-2010, loo manani ayewa ku-6.2 abamhlophe, ama-78 abamnyama, kunye no-4.1 iSpanishi.
Kwakukho ukuhla kwe-64% yobudlelwane obundlobongela obusondelene nabo kwi-1 000 ukususela ngo-1994 ukuya ku-2010. Kwakhona, amanani e-BJS abonisa kuphela amacala apho umntu obanjwe khona kwaye enetyala.
Ulwaphulo oluncinane okanye iingxelo ezimbalwa?
Kukho ukucatshulwa, ukuba xa ezininzi iinkqubo ziqala ukudlulisa imithetho efuna ukuba amapolisa athathe elinye lamacala ukuba athole naluphi na ixesha athola ulwabilo lwasekhaya, ukuba inani lamakholi kumapolisa ngoncedo lwanqatshiwe, kungekhona inani lezenzeko ukusetyenziswa kakubi ekhaya.
Kukho ubungqina bokuba amaxhoba aseSpeyin ayengabizi ngamapolisa ukuba ancede ngenxa yokuba baxelelwa ngabahlukumezi babo ukuba baya kuthunjwa xa bebiza. Bobabini le meko inokuthi ibenze iimbalo zobundlobongela basekhaya phakathi kweentlanga.
Ulwaphulo-ngotywala lufikelela njani kulwaphulo lwasekhaya?
Xa ungeze utywala kumxube, umfanekiso unokuba lukhulu kakhulu, unikwe ubungqina bezonxila kunye nabanxilisayo ukuba banciphise ukusetyenziswa kwabo kotywala.
Abaphandi baye babika iingcamango ezahlukeneyo malunga nendima ekutywala utywala kwiindlobongela zasekhaya.
Kule minyaka, kubonakala ngathi kuvumelana ngokubanzi phakathi kwabaphandi ukuba nangona ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi akubangeli ubundlobongela basekhaya, ngokuqinisekileyo kuyingozi yokuqikelela ubudlova phakathi kobudlelwane.
Kukho uphando olubonisa ukuba amathuba okubundlobongela basekhaya ngaphakathi kwimihla xa umntu ephuza kakhulu kunamaxesha asibhozo angaphezu kweentsuku abangaphuzangayo. Ubundlobongela obukhulu ngokomzimba ngamaxesha angama-11 ngaphezulu kwimihla yamadoda asele.
Utywala njengeCatalyst of Violence
Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi bathi ukuba nangona utywala lunokuba luncedo olwenziwe ngogonyamelo, ulwalamano olusondeleyo lwabahlobo luvela kwezinye iingxaki zentlalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kufuneka kubonakale nje ngokuba "ukugqithwa kweengxaki ezimbini zeentlalo ezihlukeneyo."
Isikolo seYunivesithi yaseTexas Houston isifundo sezempilo soLuntu esifumene namazinga obundlobongela obusondeleyo kunye nabasundu kunye nama-Hispanics xa kuthelekiswa nabamhlophe, bafumanisa ukuba ukusela rhoqo okanye ukunyusa okuninzi kwandisa ubundlobongela kuwo onke amaqela amathathu, kodwa ngokukodwa abamnyama ubundlobongela besilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane.
Uphononongo lufumene umzekelo ongenamkeleko ukuba iziganeko ezinobundlobongela ziyakwenzeka ngokukodwa kwizibini ezimnyama xa umenzi wobugwenxa edla rhoqo okanye ephuza kakhulu. Umfanekiso ohamba kunye nale nqaku (jonga ngasentla) ubonisa igrafu ekufundeni kwaseHouston malunga nobudlobongela basekhaya kwabasetyhini.
Utywala luyandisa ubundlobongela ngakumbi kumnyama
Igrafu ibonisa ukuba umenzi wobubi uphuze kakhulu, ikhulu lepesenti yobundlobongela kuzo zonke iindidi. Ngokomama omhlophe, umzekelo, isantya siyaphuma kwi-10% engaphantsi kwe-10% yabantu abangenanxila ukuya kuma-20% kubantu abaphuza kakhulu. Kodwa kumabhinqa amnyama, izinga lokunyanzelisa ubundlobongela ukusuka kwi-22% yezonxila kumalunga nama-60% kubantu abaphuza kakhulu.
Kuzo zonke iintlanga, ukusetyenziswa kotywala okunzima kwandisa umngcipheko omkhulu kunamadoda asebudlelwaneni kunye nomfazi omnyama ophuza rhoqo.
Ubundlobongela besilisa nabesifazana, isantya samadoda sasivela kuma-20% ngenxa yezonxila kunama-40% kubantu abaphuza kakhulu.
Kodwa, ngokugqithisayo, abaphandi baseHouston baphetha ukuba utywala akubangelona bangela ubundlobongela obuninzi phakathi kwabantwana abamnyama, kodwa wathi ingxaki "inokubangela ukunyanzeliswa koqoqosho kwimibhangqwana emnyama kunye nokungalingani ngokohlanga emphakathini wase-US kunokuba kukho nawuphi na umphumo kotywala phakathi kwamadoda kunye nabasetyhini base-Afrika.
Kodwa iziphumo zezifundo zabo, nangona kunjalo, zibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kotywala kakhulu kunendima enkulu kwizibini ezinobundlobongela babo obundlobongela.
Imithombo:
American Bar Association. "Ulwaphulo lwasekhaya ngeRace & Ethnicity". Izibalo zoLwaphulo lwasekhaya . Ufikelele ngoJuni 2015.
I-Field, CA kunye neCaanano, R. "IsiXhosa somzekelo wokuQela ubudlova phakathi kwabamhlophe, abaMnyama nabamaSpanishi eMelika." Utywala: Uphando lwezonyango kunye novavanyo lukaSeptemba 2003.
Grossman, SF. "Ubundlobongela basekhaya ngaphakathi kobuhlanga kunye nobuhlanga - Impembelelo yokuSebenza koLuntu kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo." Ubundlobongela Kwabesetyhini Ngo-Oktobha 2007.
Reina, AS, et al. "" Wathi Baza kundigxotha "- Izinto ezichaphazela ulwaphulo lwasemakhaya Uncedo-Ukufuna izinto phakathi kwabafuduki baseLatina." Umbhalo we-Interpersonal Violence Matshi 2014.
ISebe lezoBulungisa beSebe lase-United States. Ubundlobongela obusondelene nabo, ngo-1993-2010 . " Ingxelo ekhethekileyo kaNovemba 2012.