Ukunyangwa kwabantwana abanePTSD
I-TF-CBT ejoliswe ku-Traum-Focalitive Practicing Traitment (TF-CBT) yaphuhliswa kubafundi abaneengxaki ze-posttraumatic disorder (PTSD), ngokukodwa kwiimeko zokuxhaphazwa ngokwesondo.
Imiphumo yokubonakaliswa kwesiganeko esibuhlungu , kuquka i-PTSD, iqhutyelwa ngokubanzi kubantu abadala; Nangona kunjalo, ukuvezwa ngokukhawuleza kunye neempawu ze-PTSD zinokuthi zenzeke kubantwana, kubonisa isidingo sokonyango kwabantwana abane-PTSD.
Izifundo ziye zafumanisa ukuba inani elikhulu labantwana libonakaliswe kwiziganeko eziphazamisayo ngaphambi kokuba neminyaka eyi-16. Nangona iintlobo zeziganeko ezinobungozi abantwana zibonakaliswe kunye nempembelelo ababenayo kwimpilo yomntwana iyahluka, esinye isiganeko esibuhlungu esiphezulu Ubunzima bokukhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo yengqondo phakathi kwabantwana kukuhlaselwa kakubi ngokwesondo .
Xa abantwana befumana iimpawu ze-PTSD, luhlobo luni lweyonyango olungcono? Kukho uninzi lwezonyango eziphambili ze-PTSD kubantu abadala . Nangona kunjalo, ezi zonyango zingenakunceda abantwana. Abantwana banokuba nolwazi oluphantsi lweemvakalelo, okanye abanalo ngcamango njengabantu abadala malunga nendlela yokuvakalisa kakuhle iimvakalelo ezithile. Abantwana banokukwazi ukuqonda kakuhle kwabo iimpawu zabo okanye kutheni bafumana iimpawu zabo. Ekugqibeleni, ezinye zeengcamango zonyango ezifanayo kwi-PTSD kubantu abadala zingaba nzima ukuba abantwana baqonde.
Ngenxa yoko, i-Traum-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (TF-CBT) yaphuhliswa.
Ingqwalaselo ye-TF-CBT
I-TF-CBT ithathwa njengesicatshulwa -yokuziphatha . Okokuthi, ngokukodwa kubhekiselele iimpawu ze-PTSD ngokujolisa kwiingcamango ezingekho emzimbeni kunye nokuziphatha okubangelwa yixhoba lokuxhaphazwa ngokwesondo.
Ngokomzekelo, i-TF-CBT inokunceda abantwana bakwazi ukuguqula iinkolelo ezingachaniyo ezikhokelela ekuziphatheni okubi, ezifana neenkolelo zokuba baxanduva lokusetyenziswa kakubi. Kwakhona kubonisa iipatheni ezingahambi kakuhle zokuziphatha (umzekelo, ukwenza izinto okanye ukuhlukanisa) okanye ukuphendula ukwesaba kwiimpawu ezithile kwaye uzame ukuguqula oku ngokuchonga iindlela eziphilileyo zokuphendula kwisitatimende esithile okanye kwiimeko ezithile.
I-TF-CBT nayo iyingqayizivele kuba ibandakanya ukungenelela kwabazali okanye nabanakekeli abangabandakanyekanga ekuxhatshazweni. Abantwana kunye nabazali bathatha inxaxheba kwipilisi, kuqala ngokuhlukileyo kwaye emva kweeseshoni ezidibeneyo. Abazali bafunda iindlela zokulawula uxinzelelo, iindlela zokubeletha ezinempilo kunye nendlela yokunxibelelana kangcono nomntwana wabo. I-TF-CBT iyavuma ukuba inkxaso yomzali okanye umnakekeli ibaluleke kakhulu ekubuyiseleni umntwana. Kwakhona iyaqonda ukuba abazali banokufumana uxinzelelo oluninzi ngenxa yokuxhaphazwa kwabantwana, kwaye ukuxinzezeleka kufuneke kulungiswe ukuze kungaphazamiseki abazali.
I-TF-CBT Idilesi ye-PTSD Iimpawu?
I-TF-CBT ithathwa njengonyango lwexesha elifutshane. Ngokuqhelekileyo ihlala ngeeseshoni ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-18 kwaye iseshoni nganye inokugqibela i-60 ukuya kwimizuzu engama-90.
I-TF-CBT ijongana neempawu ze-PTSD ngokuthatha abantwana kunye nabazali / abanakekeli ngamacandelo alandelayo:
- Iingqondo kunye nezakhono zomzali. Iingcali zibonelela abantwana kunye nabazali ngolwazi malunga nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kunye neentlobo zeempawu ezingaphuma ekuphenduleni olu hlobo lwesiganeko esibuhlungu. Abazali bafundiswa iindlela zokuphatha kakuhle iingxaki zokuziphatha, kunye nendlela yokuthetha kangcono nomntwana wabo.
- Ukuphumla. Abantwana bafundiswa iindlela zokulawula uxhalabo lwabo ngokuziphucula.
- Ukuthetha ngokomzwelo kunye nomgaqo. Umphathiswa unceda umntwana kunye nabazali ngendlela yokulawula iimvakalelo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa gadalala ngendlela enempilo nangempumelelo. Ngokomzekelo, abantwana bafundiswa indlela yokuchonga nokuvakalisa iimvakalelo zabo, kunye nokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okuzithobileyo xa ufumana iimvakalelo ezinzulu.
- Ukujongana neengcamango. Abantwana bancedwa ekuboneni iingcamango ezingathandabuzekiyo malunga nokuxhaphazwa ngokwesondo (umzekelo, ukuzimela) kunye nendlela yokusebenza kwezi ngcamango.
- Ukudala kweengxelo ezibuhlungu. Abantwana bathatyathwa ngokuzivocavoca, njengokuthetha ngesiganeko okanye ukubhala malunga nomcimbi. Abantwana banokudala ukubonakaliswa kwesiganeko ngomdlalo okanye ukudlala.
- Ukuchazwa kwe-vivo. Umgqirha ugxotha umntwana ukuba akhuphe izikhumbuzo zengqondo ukuze umntwana afunde indlela yokuphatha kakuhle ukuphendula kwawo ukwesaba, kunye nokunciphisa ukuziphatha okukhuselekileyo.
- Iiseshoni ezidibeneyo zabazali nabantwana. Umzali nomntwana basebenzisana kunye ukuphucula unxibelelwano kwaye bafunde indlela yokuxubusha ulwaphulo-mthetho ngendlela ephilileyo neyonyango.
- Ukuhlala uphephile kwaye ulondoloze ukubuyiswa. Umgqirha unikela umntwana kunye nabazali ngolwazi malunga nokukhuseleka kwiimeko ezizayo, ukwenzela ukuba ugweme ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwexesha elizayo. Ulwazi malunga nendlela yokugcina nokuqhubeka kunye nenkqubo yokubuyiselwa kwakhona kuxoxwa ngazo.
Ngaba i-TF-CBT iphumelele?
Ngokubanzi, uphando lufumene ukuba i-TF-CBT isebenza kakuhle ekunciphiseni iimpawu ze-PTSD, kunye nezinye iingxaki (umzekelo, ukuxinezeleka, iingxaki zokuziphatha, ihlazo) phakathi kwabantwana abachazwe ngokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo. Ukongezelela, i-TF-CBT ibonakala iyasebenza ngakumbi kunezinye iintlobo zendlela yokwelapha ezingasetyenziswa nabantwana abanomdla wokuxhaphazwa ngokwesondo, njengonyango oluxhasayo okanye ukudlala unyango. Ukongeza, iintlawulo ezenziwe kwi-TF-CBT zifunyenwe zigcinwe ukuya kwiminyaka emibini emva kokuphela kweyeza.
I-TF-CBT ibonakala iphinde ibancede abazali kunye nabanakekeli abangabandakanyekanga ekuxhatshazweni kwabantwana. Abazali babika amanqanaba aphantsi okudandatheka, uxinzelelo malunga nokusetyenziswa kakubi, kunye neempawu zePTSD. Kuye kwafunyanwa ukuba i-TF-CBT ikhulisa amandla omzali wokuxhasa umntwana wabo.
Ukufunyanwa kwe-Psychotherapier ohlinzeka nge-TF-CBT
Ukuba unomdla wokufunda okungakumbi malunga ne-TF-CBT, unokutyelela iwebhusayithi yeYunivesithi yezoLimo yaseMzantsi Carolina iCandelo loPhando loLwaphulo loLwaphulo kunye neZiko loLonyango. Iinkcukacha kwi-TF-CBT zinikezelwa kwiziko leSebe lezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu.
Ukufumana umgqirha onika i-TF-CBT, uya kuqala ufuna ukufumana ugqirha ogqwesileyo kwaye unamava ekunyango kwabantwana abaneengxaki. Unokwazi ukufumana olo ngcali kwiiwebhusayithi ezilungiselelwe ukudibanisa nababoneleli bonyango kwingingqi yakho. Ukongezelela ekuboneleleni ngezibonelelo kwiintsapho ezinomntwana ojongene nemiphumo yokuxhaphazwa ngokwesondo, iSiqithi saseSidran inikezela ngolwazi malunga nabagqirha abangabandakanyeka kunyango lwabantwana abaxhoba ngokuxhaphazwa ngokwesondo.
Imithombo:
Cohen, JA, Berliner, L. & Matshi, JS (2000). Ukunyangwa kwabantwana kunye nabaselula. EB Foa, TM Keane, & MJ Friedman (Ed.), Unyango olusebenzayo lwe-PTSD (iphe. 106-138). I-New York: I-Guilford Press.
Cohen, JA, Mannarino, AP, Berliner, L., & Deblinger, E. (2000). Uphuhliso olujoliswe kwingxaki yokuziphatha kwengqondo: Ukuhlaziywa kwamagama. Umbhalo woBundlobongela obuPhakathi , 15 , 1203-1223.
Cohen, JA, Mannarino, AP, & Deblinger, E. (2006). UkuPhatha i-Traum and Traumatic Grief in Children and Adolescents. INew York: I-Guilford Press.
Cohen, JA, Mannarino, AP, & Knudsen, K. (2005) Ukuphathwa kwabantwana abahlukunyezwa ngokwesini: Ukulandelwa konyaka omnye wolu vavanyo olulawulwa ngononophelo. Ukuxhaphazwa kwabantwana kunye nokunganakwa, 29 , 135-146.
Copeland, WE, Keeler, G., Angold, A., & Costello, EJ (2007). Iziganeko eziphazamisayo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-posttraumatic ebuntwaneni. IiNqoloba zeNgcaciso zengqondo, 64 , 577-584.
Umxhasi, E., Behl, L., & Glickman, A. (2006). Ukuphatha abantwana abaye bafumana ukuxhaphazwa ngokwesondo. KuP. Kendall (Umq.), Unyango lwezingane kunye nolutsha, u-3 ed. INew York: I-Guilford Press.