Ziziphi iindlela zokusetyenziswa kweziTywala zokuSebenzisa utywala

Iinkcazo zezokwelapha zembali yokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala nokusela utywala

Kukho ngokwenene akukho ukuxilongwa ngokusemthethweni kotywala . Isimo somntu esiye sabizwa ngokuba ngumnxila kuthiwa "ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala," njengokwincwadi ka-Meyi 2013 ye-5 ye-"I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities" (iDSM-5) yi-American Psychiatric Association. Nge-DSM-5, ukuba umntu ubonakalisa iimpawu ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kwizinto ezi-11 ezichasayo, bafumaneka ukuba banesifo sokusetyenziswa kotywala, kunye nokuhlelwa kobulali, ukulinganisela kunye nobunzima.

I-DSM-IV (eyapapashwa ngo-1994) nayo yayingekho "utywala" ukuxilongwa kodwa kunoko ichaza ukuphazamiseka ezimbini- ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kunye nokuxhomekeka kotywala- kunye neendlela ezithile zokuxilonga. I-DSM-5 idibanisa loo miqobo emibini kwisifo esisodwa sokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa kobunzima.

I-Disorder, Usetyenziso olunzulu kunye noTywala oluSebenzisileyo

Ubunzima bokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokusetyenziswa kotywala buchazwe ngokuthi:

• Ubumnene : Ubukho beempawu ezimbini
• I-Moderate : Ubukho bempawu ezine ukuya kwezihlanu
• Ubunzima : Ubukho beempawu ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu

Nangona kukho ukungabikho okukhulu phakathi kweendlela (uluhlu lweempawu) ezisetyenziswe yi-DSM-IV kunye ne-DSM-5, kukho iinguqu ezimbini ezibalulekileyo. I-DSM-5 iphelisa iingxaki zomthetho ngenxa yokusela njengemigangatho yokuxilongwa kodwa idibanisa ukunxila kotywala njengemigangatho.

Iimpawu ezibekwe kwi-DSM-5

Ezi zilandelayo ziyimpawu ezili-11 ezipapashwe kwi-DSM-5 ezisetyenziselwa ukuchonga ukuba umntu unesifo sokusetyenziswa kotywala:

1. Utywala udlalwa ngamanani amakhulu okanye ngaphezu kwexesha elide kunokuba lenzelwe.
2. Kukhona umnqweno oqhubekayo okanye imizamo engaphumeleli yokunciphisa okanye ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kotywala.
3. Ixesha elininzi lisetyenziswe kwimisebenzi efunekayo ukufumana utywala, usebenzise utywala okanye uphinde uphume kwimiphumo.
4. Ukukhanga , okanye umnqweno oqinileyo okanye unxuse ukusetyenziswa kotywala.

1. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubangela ukungaphumeleli ukuzalisekisa uxanduva olubalulekileyo emsebenzini, esikolweni okanye ekhaya.
2. Ukuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa kotywala nangona kukho iingxaki eziqhubekayo zentlalo okanye zenkqubela ezenziwa ngabantu okanye eziqhubekayo ezibangelwa okanye zinyanzeliswa yimiphumo yotywala.
3. Izinto ezibalulekileyo zentlalo, imisebenzi, okanye imisebenzi yokuzonwabisa ziyahanjiswa okanye zinciphise ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kotywala.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiimeko apho kunobungozi ngokomzimba .
5. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kuqhutyelwa nangona ulwazi lokuba neengxaki ezisemgangathweni okanye ezingokwenyama ezingapheliyo okanye ezibangelwa yotywala.
6. Ukunyamezela , njengoko kuchazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: a) Isidingo sokwanda kwamanani otywala ngokukhawuleza ukuphumeza ukuxhatshazwa okanye umphumo ofunwayo, okanye b) Umphumo owenziwe ngokunciphisa ngokusetyenziswa komlinganiselo ofanayo kotywala.
7. Ukurhoxiswa , njengoko kubonakaliswe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: a) Isiqhelo sokurhoxiswa kwesiselo sotywala b) Utywala (okanye into ehlobene ngokuthe ngqo, njenge-benzodiazepine) ithathwa ukukhupha okanye ukuphepha iimpawu zokurhoxisa.

I-DSM-5 idonsa ezinye iingxaki

Inkqubo yokuxilonga ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokusetyenziswa kotywala yenziwa ngenye indlela yokugxeka ngenxa yokuba, ngaphantsi kwe-DSM-5, nayiphi na umfundi weekholeji oye wayedla ngokuzisela ngotywala kwaye evuma ukuba unqwenela ubhiya obandayo ngokukhawuleza unokufumanisa ukuba unesifo kwaye ubizwa ngokuba ngumnxila.

Ngokufanayo, ukuba ukunyamezela kunye neempawu zokurhoxisa yizona zimbini eziyimfuneko ezifunekayo ukuba umntu afunyanwe, ke "umntu osela iiglasi zewayini ngokutya isidlo sangokuhlwa uya kuba nokunyamezela nokubonakalayo kunye nokuhoxiswa. ubungakanani bokubangela ukungasebenzi okukhulu, kodwa kuya kubonakala ngokucacileyo ekuhlolweni, "ngokutsho kukaDkt. Gitlow, umongameli we-American Society of Addiction Medicine. "Loo mntu unobungozi obunxilisayo bokusetyenziswa kotywala."

> Imithombo:

> Usetyenziso lweNkunkuma yoTywala. ISizwe lesiZwe malunga nokuTywala kotywala nokuNxila. https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/alcohol-use-disorders.

> Utywala Lokusetyenziswa Kweentlanzi : Uthelekiso phakathi kwe-DSM-IV kunye ne-DSM-5 ye- NIH Publication No. 13-7999. ISizwe lesiZwe malunga nokuTywala kotywala nokuNxila. Novemba 2013. https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/dsmfactsheet/dsmfact.pdf.

> I-Gitlow S. Commentary: I-DSM-5: I-Terminology entsha, iSame Disease. Ukusebenzisana kwabantwana abangenayo iziyobisi. NgoJuni 2013. https://drugfree.org/learn/drug-and-alcohol-news/commentary-dsm-5--new-instance-mame-disease/.