Yenza Ubungozi obuhlukeneyo kunye nobungqina obubambeneyo
Ukubhema nokuphuza okungapheliyo kubangele kokubili ukulimala okwenziwe nge-nerurobiological and functional to the brain, iindaba ezimbi kubadakwa, ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwabo luhlala lubhema.
Ngomhlangano wonyaka ka-Juni ka-2005 we-Society Society yoTywala eSanta Barbara, eCalifornia, intlanganiso ihlolisise imiphumo yokutshaya nokusela kwi-brain neurobiology kunye nomsebenzi.
Kwintetho ekhulumayo malunga nendibano, uDeeter J. Meyerhoff, uprofesa we-radiology kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Francisco, umphandi onxulumene ne-Veterans 'Medical Affairs Centre eSan Francisco, kunye nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba baxoxe ngeziphumo:
Ucwaningo olusandul 'i-neuroimaging lwabantu ababhemayo obungapheliyo lubonise ingqondo yesakhiwo kunye nokungaqhubi kwegazi, "kutsho uMeyerhoff, umququzeleli womhlangano.
"Ukungaxhamli kakuhle kwengqondo phakathi kwabafundi abatshitshisiweyo abanokuqhubekayo baye baxelwa ukuba bafunde ukuvavanya imiyalezo kunye nememori, imemori yokucinga, imemori yokusebenza, imisebenzi ephezulu, ukukhangela okubonakalayo, isivinini se-psychomotor kunye nokuguquguquka kwengqondo, ubungakanani bengqondo kunye nokulinganisela," kusho uMeyerhoff.
"Siyakholelwa ukuba imiphumo emibi yokutshaya, njengokusela, mhlawumbi ithatha iminyaka emininzi ukuba ifuthe ingqondo ngobukhulu, kwaye idibanise neminyaka ukuvelisa izinga lokungasebenzi okubonakalayo kwiimvavanyo zengqondo."
"Naluphina ubonakaliso bokuziphatha, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kotywala okanye umlutha we-nicotine, kubangelwa ukusebenzisana kwemvelo," kusho umlobi-mbhali u-Yousef Tizabi. "Izidakamizwa, kuquka utywala kunye ne-nicotine , zinokuchaphazela abantu abahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeke kwimveliso yabo yezofuzo.
"Ngoko ke, ukuxhatshazwa kokutya kunye nokubhema kunokubhekwa njengesiphumo sokugqibela semfuza, imvelo kunye nokusebenzisana kwemithi phakathi kotywala kunye ne-nicotine."
Ukulingana ngaphandle koBhalansi
"I-GABA iyimithi ye-amino acid ekuthintela ingqondo yomntu kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni isenzo semvelo se-excitatory amino acid glutamate," kuchaza uMeyerhoff. "Ngomqondo wobomi obunempilo, zombini i-amino acids ikhona kwi-equilibri. Kwizigaba zesifo ezinjenge- addiction, okanye utywala okanye i-nicotine , lo mlinganiso awunamanqanaba. kusezantsi.
"I- Benzodiazepines inokuqinisa izimpendulo ze-GABA) I-receptors ukuya kwi-GABA yokubopha, ngaloo ndlela ibe nefuthe kumsebenzisi."
Ubuninzi bobuchopho
"Siye safunda ngokutshatyalaliswa kwezidakamizwa zonyango ekwenzeni unyango ngokusebenzisa i-vivo magnetic resonance," kutsho uMeyerhoff. Iindlela ezizodwa esazisebenzisayo zaziyi-imagination magontic resonance (MRI), esilinganisa ubukhulu bezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho, kunye ne-imagination magnetic resonance imagros (i-MRSI), eyenza amachiza athile ayenzeka ngokwemvelo kwingqondo esitshilo malunga nokulimala kwengqondo ethile iiseli.
"Uhlalutyo lwethu lubonisa ukuba ukutshaya izidakwa ezingapheliyo kunokuba nobuchopho obungaphezulu kwezinto eziqhelekileyo - okungukuthi, izicubu ezingaphantsi kobuchopho obulinganiswe nguMRI, kunye nokulimala okungaphezulu kwe-neuronal eyenziwa ngu-MRSI â €" ekuqaleni kokunyanga utywala ngaphandle kokunxiliswa kotywala . Kwaye zombini amaqela anengqondo engafanelekiyo kuneziphuzo zokungafuni ukutshaya. "
Ichaphazela ukubuyiswa kweMetabolite
"Sifumene ukwanda okwebalulekileyo kwezimbini ezibalulekileyo zeemetabolite zeempawu zee cell cell in the front and parietal lobes zokubuyisela utywala," kusho umlobi-mbhali uTimothy Durazzo. "Kwiindawo ezininzi zeengqondo, ukunyuka kwabonakala kubokungabhemi ukuphuza utywala, ukungabikho ukutshaya ukuphuza izidakwa , okubonisa ukuba ukutshaya umsila ongapheliyo kunokuphazamisa ukubuyiswa kwe-metabolite.
"Kungenzeka ukuba ukuqhubeka ukutshaya ukuphuza izidakwa ngexesha elifutshane lokuzilahla kwimizuzu emfutshane kunika umthombo omkhulu [kwaye] oqhubekayo wendalo owonakalisayo onokuzithengisa, kunye nokudibanisa nekhabhoni ye-carbon monoxide kunye nokunciphisa ukucoceka kwengqondo, kunokuthintela izicubu zobuchopho ukuba zibuyiselwe ngokutshaya ukubuyisela utywala. "
I-Gray Matter Loss
Iziphumo zethu ze-MRI zibonisa ukuba utywala obungapheliyo kwaye ukutshaya zombini kudibene kunye nokulahleka kwendoda yokulahleka, "kutsho uMeyerhoff. "Oku kubangela ukuba i-atrophy, eyona nto ingumngcipheko omkhulu kunokwenqabileyo wehlabathi jikelele kunye nokukhubazeka kwememori kubantu asebekhulile kwaye, xa kwenzeka kwiminyaka ephakathi, kunokunyusa umngcipheko wexesha elide kunye nokukhawuleza kunokwakheka kwengqondo ekudala. .
Ngoko ke, ukutshaya utywala, ngokukodwa abo bafikelela kwiminyaka engama-40 okanye ngaphezulu, bangazibeka engozini enkulu kunomsebenzi ongaqhelekanga wokukhula kwengqondo. "
Umthombo : Ukufunyanwa kwee-Symposiums kwanyatheliswa kwintlanganiso ka-Febhuwari ka-2006 yoTywala: Uphando lweKlinikhi kunye noPhando .