Igalelo loTywala loTywala lugxininisa umzimba kunye nokuziphatha

by Elizabeth Hartney, PhD

Uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-alcohol (BAC) ngumlinganiselo wepesenti yotywala egazini lomntu. Oku, kunokuba ubuninzi bokusela kotywala umntu awonayo, uya kugqiba umphumo wokusela kotywala kuza kuba neengqondo, umzimba kunye nokuziphatha komntu. Kuzo zonke iindawo, umda wezomthetho naliphi na inombolo engezantsi .08.

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela i-BAC, kubandakanywa ubungakanani, isini , isimo somzimba; oko kudliwe kunye nini; Ubuthongo obuninzi bubekwe kuyo; mayeza; kunye nokusela kotywala kotywala.

Njengoko i-BAC iyanda ukwenzela ukuba inqanaba lomonakalo ochaphazelekayo kotywala umntu uya kulufumana.

I-BAC ibalwa njani

I-BAC ingahlolwa ngokuchanekileyo ngovavanyo lokuphefumula okanye ukuphefumula. Ukubala i-BAC, inani lotywala egazini lilinganiselwa kwi-mg yotywala nge-100 ml yegazi. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakaliswe njengesiqingatha, njenge-0.08 okanye 0.15. Ngokomzekelo, i-BAC ye-10 ekhulwini ithetha ukuba igazi lomntu liqukethe inxalenye enye yotywala kuyo yonke i-1000 yengxenye yegazi.

Indlela i-BAC ithinte ngayo ukungaphumeleli

Amaziko okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo anikezela ngetshathi elandelayo ebonisa indlela ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunye ne-BAC kunokuchaphazela njani ukuziphatha, isigwebo, i-physiology kunye nokukwazi ukuqhuba.

BAC *	Imiphumo Yomdlalo	Imiphumo eqikelelweyo yokuqhuba
.02% Malunga noo-2 iziyobisi ezinxilisayo	Ukulahlekelwa kwesigwebo Ukuphumla Ukufudumala komzimba Umoya o tshintshileyo	Ukwehla kwimisebenzi ebonakalayo (ukulandelela ngokukhawuleza kokujoliswe kuyo) Ukunciphisa ukukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi emibini ngexesha elifanayo (ukwahlula ukwahlula)
.05% Malunga nezi-3 zokusela izidyobisi	Ukunyaniseka Kwangathi unokulahlekelwa ngumlawuli omncinci (umzekelo, ugxininise amehlo akho) Isigwebo Ngokuqhelekileyo uziva kakuhle Ukuphaphazela Ukukhululwa kokuvalwa	Ukunciphisa ukulungelelaniswa Ukunciphisa amandla okulandelela izinto ezihambayo Uluhlu olunzima Ukunciphisa impendulo kwiimeko zokuqhuba ngokukhawuleza
.08% Malunga neesiselo ezi-4 zokusela iziyobisi	Ukulungelelaniswa kwemisipha kuya kuba bubi (umzekelo, ukulinganisela, intetho, umbono, ixesha lokuphendula, nokuva) Unzima ukufumana ingozi Isigwebo, ukuzithiba, ukuqiqa kunye nenkumbulo	Uxinzelelo Ukulahleka kwememori yesikhashana Ukulawula ngokukhawuleza Ukunciphisa ulwazi lokucwangcisa ulwazi (umz., Ukufumanisa impawu, ukukhangela okubonakalayo) Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo
.10% Malunga no-5 iziyobisi ziselo	Kucima ukutshabalalisa ixesha lokuphendula kunye nokulawula Intetho edibeneyo, ukulungelelanisa ukulungelelanisa, kunye nokucotha ukucinga	Ukunciphisa amandla okugcina indawo kunye nokuwaphula ngokufanelekileyo
.15% Malunga noo-7 iziyobisi ziselo	Ulawulo olungaphantsi kwesisu ngaphezu kwesigqirha Ukuvuthwa kunokwenzeka (ngaphandle kokuba eli nqanaba lifikile ngokukhawuleza okanye umntu uye wavelisa ukunyamezela kotywala) Ukulahleka okukhulu kwemali	Ukungaphumeleli okukhulu ekulawuleni imoto, ukuqwalasela umsebenzi wokuqhubela phambili, kunye nokufunwa kolwazi olubonakalayo kunye nolwazi oluphicothiweyo

* Isilinganiselo seMilinganiselo yokuTywala kweAzi

Inani lezonxiliso ezidweliswe limela inani elilinganayo lotywala apho umntu oyimitha eyi-160 kufuneka aphuze kwiyure enye ukuya kwi-BAC ebhaliweyo kwicandelo ngalinye.

** Isiselo esilinganiselweyo silingana no-14.0 amagremu (0.6 ounces) ecocekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le mali yesiselo esilukileyo iyatholakala kwi:

I-ounces ezili-12 zebhiya (5% umxholo wotywala)
Ii-ounces ze-malt yotywala (i-7% yomxholo wotywala)
Ii-ounces ze-5 (i-12% yomxholo wotywala)
I-1.5-ounces okanye "ipilisi" ye-80-ubungqina (ubuninzi be-alcohol% engama-40%) okanye utywala (umzekelo, i-gin, i-rum, i-vodka, i-whisky)

I-BAC ibalwa njani

Indlela i-BAC ithinte ngayo ukungaphumeleli

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