Ukufunda ukuba intombazana yakho ine- disiphagence disorder ingenza uncumo kwaye unqabileyo-ingakumbi ukuba ungaziqhelani nayo. Iifilimi kunye namajelo atyhila ngokubhekiselele kubantu abaneengxaki zokugula ngengqondo. Kodwa ezininzi zezo ziboniso azikho.
Kubalulekile ukuzifundisa malunga neengxaki zeengqondo ezibangelwa yi-bipolar ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda kakuhle into eyenziwa ngumntwana wakho kunye nokumnceda athole unyango olungcono.
Nangona i-disability bipolar is not curable, iimpawu zilawulwa.
Iintlobo
Utshintsho lwama-hormonal, uphuhliso lwezobuchopho kunye nomdlalo osemdlalweni weveki wenza ukuba iziganeko eziguquguqukayo ziqheleke kubantu abakwishumi elivisayo. Kodwa ebantwini abanenkinga yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, imiba yeemvakalelo iyingozi kakhulu.
I-bipolar disorder isifo sengqondo esibangela ukuba utshintsho olunzulu lwentliziyo oluhambelana nezinguqu zokulala, izinga lamandla kunye nokukwazi ukucinga ngokucacileyo.
Abantu abanentsholongwane ye-bipolar banokufumana iiveki okanye neenyanga zokudakumba okukhulu kunye namaxesha eemeko eziphakamileyo okanye ukukhubeka. Imizwa yabo engaqinisekanga ithatha umthwalo onzima kwimisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla. Baya kunzima ukuseka nokugcina ubudlelwane obuphilileyo, kunzima ukufumana imfundo, nokuba nobunzima bokugcina umsebenzi.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ze-bipolar :
- I-Bipolar I- Intliziyo enesifo sengqondo-bipolar Ndifumana ubuncinane isiqephu somntu esisodwa. Nangona kungenakudingeka ukuba kuhlolwe ngokusemthethweni, uninzi luya kuba neengxaki ezinkulu zokudandatheka ngexesha lokuphila kwabo.
- I-Bipolar II - Iintsholongwane ezine-bipolar II zineziganeko eziyingxaki enye (ingxaki engathà sina ye-mania) kwaye ubuncinane ubuncinane.
Zomibini iintlobo zinokuba yimimiselo enzima kwiintsholongwane kwaye zidinga unyango kwi- ingcali yezempilo yengqondo .
Izimpawu kunye neMpawu
Kufikelela kuma-65 ekhulwini abantu abadala abanesifo sengqondo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ebesenokuba neengxaki ze-bipolar ngaphambi kokuba baneminyaka eyi-18.
Ukuqala kwengqondo kubantwana kubangelwa inkqubo enzima kakhulu yokugula xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abangaqala ukufumana iimpawu baze babe ngabantu abadala.
Nangona uyazi umntu omdala onesifo sengqondo-okanye ufumanise ukuba unayo-kungenakufana neyona nto intsha. Iintsholongwane zivame ukucaphukisa ngakumbi kunokuba zijonge ngexesha leempawu zeempawu kunye neengxaki zabo ezidandathekileyo zingabandakanya izikhalazo ezininzi zezibonakaliso zomzimba kunokudakumba.
Iimpawu zeManic ezidlulileyo ubuncinane iintsuku ezisixhenxe. Umntwana osemtsha ufumana isiqephu somntu unoku:
- Ukubandakanya ukuziphatha okumngcipheko, njengokuqhuba ukuqhubela kwizinga eliphezulu zejubane okanye ukushayela ngexesha utywala
- Yiba nomsindo ngokukhawuleza
- Thetha ngokukhawuleza malunga nezinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo
- Ndiziva ndivuyayo okanye ndenza ngokungahambi ngendlela engavamile kwiminyaka yabo
- Bonisa ukukhathazeka okungavamile okanye okugqithiseleyo ngokwezenzo zesondo
- Unenkathazo yokuhlala
Umntwana osemtsha ofumana isiqwenga se-hypomanic sibonakalisa iimpawu ze-mania kodwa ukusebenza kwabo kwansuku zonke akuyi kuba nokuphazamiseka. Abaninzi abaselula abafumana i-hypomania banandipha amandla okwandisa kwaye banciphisa isidingo sokulala. I-Hypomania kuphela kufuneka ihlale iintsuku ezine, ngokuchasene neentsuku ezisixhenxe okanye ngaphezulu ezifunekayo ukuxilongwa kwesiganeko somntu.
Umntwana osemva obhekene nesiganeko esixinekayo unoku:
- Cacisa malunga neentlungu kunye neentlungu, njengama-stomachache kunye neentloko
- Cinga ngokufa okanye ukuzibulala
- Uziva unetyala, ungenanto, ungenanto
- Ukulala kakhulu okanye kuninzi
- Ndiziva ndibuhlungu, ndingenathemba, okanye ndingenakunceda
- Awunamandla kwaye awunomdla kwimisebenzi yokuzonwabisa
- Umzabalazo wokugxila
- Ukutya okanye ungadli nhlobo
Iingozi Zokuqwalasela
Iintsholongwane zisele zixhomekeke ekuziphatheni okuyingozi , kodwa loo mngcipheko wanda xa umntwana osemva enesifo sengqondo se-bipolar. Gcina iliso malunga nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi , njengokusela okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, kunye nokuzibulala .
Umngcipheko wokuzibulala kubantu abaneengxaki ze-bipolar ungowona uphezulu kuzo zonke izifo zengqondo.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba phakathi kwama-25 no-50 ekhulwini abantu abadala abane-bipolar benza ubuncinane ukuzizama kwelokuba bazibulale ngokuphila kwabo kwaye phakathi kwe-8 no-19 ekhulwini labantu abanesifo sengqondo sokufa kwe-bipolar bafa ngokuzibulala.
Uphando luye lwafumanisa ukuba i-72 ekhulwini yabantwana abaselula abaneengxaki ze-bipolar bavuma ukucinga ngokuzibulala ngenye indlela. Uphando lubonisa abatsha abane-bipolar I kunye ne-bipolar II basengozini enkulu yokuzibulala.
Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumanekile ukuba une-bipolar disorder, thatha ingozi yokuzibulala ngokukodwa. Sebenzisana nabanikezeli bakho bonyango ukuba bavavanye ingozi yomntwana wakho kunye nokuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokhuseleko.
Iimeko zeCo-Morbid
Abaninzi abaselula abanengxaki yokuguquka kwengqondo kunye neengxaki zokugula ngengqondo, ukuxilonga okanye ukuziphatha kakubi. Olunye uphando luqikelele ukuba ukuya kuma-90 ekhulwini olutsha oluneentsholongwane ze-bipolar inokuthi ingqalelo ingxaki yokuxhatshazwa kwengxaki .
Ukukhathazeka ngokukhathazeka, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha okuphazamisayo ziphakathi kwezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo eziselula ezinokukhubazeka kwe-bipolar.
Izizathu
Abaphandi abazi isizathu esona sizathu sokugula kwengqondo. Kunokwenzeka ukuba i-genetic component kunye neemeko zendalo.
Intombazana enomzali onenkinga yokuguquguquka kwe-bipolar iimeko eziphindwe ezithandathu ukukhuphula i-bipolar ngaphezu kwentsha ngaphandle kwengxelo yentsapho ye-bipolar. Xa bobabini abazali banesifo sengqondo se-bipolar, umngcipheko uphezulu.
Oososayensi bacinga ukuba ukungalingani kwamathambo e-neurotransmitters (kwaziwa ngokuba ngabathunywa beemichiza) kwingqondo kubandakanyeka kwi-neurobiology ye-bipolar disorder.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho okhulayo unentsholongwane ye-bipolar (okanye nayiphina ingxaki yempilo yengqondo), thetha nodokotela wakhe. Cwangcisa i-aphoyintimenti t xubusha iingxaki zakho.
Udokotela angakuthumela kumboneleli wonyango lwempilo yengqondo ukuze uvavanyo olupheleleyo. Ingcali yengqondo yengqondo iya kufuna ukuxoxisana nawe kunye nentsha yakho ukuba ufumane umfanekiso opheleleyo weempawu kunye neempawu.
Akukho vavanyo lwebhuyibhile ebonisa ingxaki ye-bipolar. Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, ezinye iimeko ezifana nokudakumba okanye i-ADHD zinemiboniso efanayo. Ngoko kubalulekile ukunikezela ngolwazi oluninzi njengoko unako malunga nomoya wengqondo yakho, iipatheni zokulala, umgangatho wamandla, imbali kunye nokuziphatha.
Unyango
I-bipolar disorder kufuneka ilawulwe kulo lonke ubomi bomntu. Unyango lunokufuna ukulungiswa kwithuba. Iqela lakho lononyango lonyango lingancoma:
- Amachiza: Iingcali zengqondo ziyakunika imithi yokuzinzisa imvakalelo yengane yakho . Kubalulekile ukubeka iliso lakho unyango kwaye ukhangele imiphumo emibi. Ukufumana amayeza afanelekileyo kwaye isilinganisi esifanelekileyo singathatha ixesha nje ngokuba akukho linye lonyango elisebenza kakuhle kunabo bonke abantu abaneengxaki ze-bipolar.
- Thetha unyango: Ingcali inokufundisa umntwana malunga ne-bipolar kwaye inokunika izicwangciso zokuphatha ukulungiselela ukulawula iimpawu. Uphulo lwabafana kaninzi luquka amalungu omndeni. Ulwaphulo lwezentsapho luyakwazi ukujongana nemiba yolwalamano, iingxaki zokulawula ukuziphatha, okanye izicwangciso zokunceda intsapho yonke ibhekane nokugula kwengqondo yengane .
I-hospital hospitality ingafuneka ngexesha elinye xa umntwana usemngciphekweni okhuselekileyo. Inzame enkulu yokuzibulala, iingcinga zokuzibulala ngesicwangciso esicacileyo, ukuzilimaza, okanye i-psychosis zizinto ezimbalwa zezizathu ezinokwenzeka ukuba umntwana osemva kunye nengxaki yokuguquguquka kwengqondo angadinga ukuhlala esibhedlele.
Uphulo lusebenza kakuhle xa ulutsha, abazali, oogqirha, abagqirha kunye nabanye ababoneleli bonyango basebenza kunye njengeqela. Ngoko kubalulekile ukuba uye kwiindawo zokuqeshwa kwabantwana bakho, cela imibuzo, uxhumane nabanye ababoneleli ngeyeza, kwaye uqhubeke nokuzifundisa malunga neemfuno zakho zempilo yengqondo.
Ingcali okanye umphathiswa wengqondo unokucela ukuba ungene kwiimvakalelo zakho zentsha, iipatheni zokulala okanye ukuziphatha. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubela yakho kwintsholongwane kunokunceda abancedisi bonyango banqume ukuba unyango olunjani okanye amayeza asebenza ukugcina imizwa yengane yakho izinzile.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba abazali baqinisekise ukuba umntwana uya kuthatha imithi yakhe. Abanye abatsha bayeke ukuthabatha imithi yabo ngokukhawuleza xa beziva bengcono (kodwa amayeza kufuneka athathwe rhoqo ukuze kugcinwe iimpawu kwi-bay).
Ncedise Intsha Yakho esikolweni
Kubalulekile ukusebenzisana nesikolo sakho somntwana ukuba sele ufumene ukuba une-bipolar disorder. Amagosa esikolweni anokuncedisa kwisicwangciso esiza kuxhasa imfundo yakho yeselula.
Iimfuno zakho zemfundo zentsha ziya kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zakhe kunye nemiba yakhe yemfundo. Ukuba ubonisa iingxaki zokuziphatha esikolweni, ootitshala bangenza isicwangciso sokuziphatha esiya kusebenzisa amanyathelo atyala.
Ukuba uyalwela imfundo, isikolo sinokunika iinkonzo zokuncedisa ukuba uyakwazi ukufumana imfundo. Isikolo sinokukwazi ukubonelela izinto ezifana neshedyuli eguquliwe okanye ukupasa kwehholo evumela umntwana wakho ukuba atyelele umcebisi ngecebo xa kunesidingo. Khuthaza intsha yakho ukuba ithathe inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso zokuthetha malunga nokuba isikolo sinokuxhasa njani imfundo yakhe.
Ncedisa iNtsapho Yakho Ekhaya
Ingxaki ye-bipolar ichaphazela intsapho yonke ngoko kubalulekile ukusebenza ndawonye ukuze uncede umntwana wakho aphumelele ukulawula iimpawu.
Funda ngokubanzi njengoko unako malunga neengxaki ze-bipolar kunye neendlela zokhetho zonyango-kwaye qinisekisa ukuba amanye amalungu entsapho afunde ngawo. Kubalulekile ukuba abantakwabo baqonde into enokuyilindela, njengokuba kutheni umntwana osemncinci angathanda ukulala kwiiveki ngexesha okanye kutheni angaba nexesha apho engafuni ukulala khona.
Gcina iingxoxo rhoqo kunye nomntwana wakho malunga nemicimbi yonyango kunye nemiba. Kukho ithuba elihle lokuba ngelo xesha umntanakho akayi kufuna ukuthatha amayeza okanye ukuya kwonyango. Qinisekisa iimvakalelo zakhe kwaye uthethe ngokubaluleka kokulandela iingcebiso zonyango.
Kubalulekile ukunyamekela ngokwakho. Ukujamelana nemingeni yokukhulisa umntwana ngengxaki yokuguquguquka kwengqondo kunokukhathazeka. Cinga ukujoyina iqela lokuxhasa abazali abanentsholongwane ye-bipolar (okanye isifo sengqondo ngokubanzi). Ukudibanisa nabanye abazali kunokukunceda ufumane inkxaso yemoya kwakunye neengcebiso ezifanelekileyo malunga nendlela yokuxhasa umntwana wakho.
Imithombo
Owona mkhulu uMn, Bowie CR, uNaiberg MR, uNewton DF, i-Goldstein BI. Ukusebenza nge-neurocognition kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo kwintlekele yabantu abaneentsholongwane ze-bipolar. Umbhalo weengxaki ezichaphazelekayo . 2017; 207: 406-412.
Eisner LR, uJohnson SL, u-Youngstrom EA, uPearlstein JG. Ukunciphisa iifayile zokuxhatshazwa kwezifo ezibangelwa yi-bipolar disorder. Umbhalo weengxaki ezichaphazelekayo . 2017; 220: 102-107.
I-HealthyChildren.org: I-Bipolar Disorder kwi-Children and Teens.
Odonnell LA, Axelson DA, iKowatch RA, i-Schneck CD, i-Sugar CA, i-Miklowitz DJ. Ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi phakathi kwabaselula abanentsholongwane ye-bipolar: Uvavanyo olungenangqondo lwamanyathelo angenelelo lwengqondo. Umbhalo weengxaki ezichaphazelekayo . 2017; 219: 201-208.
UStanley IH, Hom MA, uLuby JL, Joshi PT, Wagner KD, Emslie GJ, JTP i-JT, i-Axelson DA, i-Joiner TE. Ukuphazamiseka kokulala kunye nokuzibulala kwabantwana kunye nabantwana abaselula abaneengxaki ze-bipolar. Umbhalo woPhando lwezeMpilo . 2017; 95: 54-59.