Uxinzelelo oluxakekileyo lwengcinezelo lungakhokelela kwi-PTSD
Ingxaki yoxinzelelo olunzulu kunye nesifo sengqondo esisemva kwengxaki (post-traumatic disorder disorder) (i-PTSD) ihlala ihamba ngesandla. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuxilongwa kwe-PTSD ayikwazi ukuyenza de ubuncinane inyanga emva kokuvalelwa kwesiganeko esibuhlungu . Nangona kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuba abantu baqale ukufumana iimpawu ezinjenge-PTSD kungekudala emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu.
Umqulu we-4 we- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabled Disabilities (DSM-IV) uchaza ezi zibonakaliso ezinjenge-PTSD ezenzeka kwinyanga enye yeso sihlandlo esibuhlungu njenge-Acute Stress Disorder (ASD).
Iimpawu
Iimpawu ze-ASD zifana nezo ze-PTSD ngaphandle kokuba zenzeke kungekudala emva kokuvalelwa kwesiganeko esibuhlungu. Iimpawu ze-ASD zibandakanya ukuhlaselwa kwakhona, ukuphepha, kunye neempawu ezingathandabuzekiyo zePTSD . Umzekelo, umntu one-ASD unokufumana iingcamango, iinkumbulo, okanye amaphupha aqhelekileyo ngesiganeko esibuhlungu. Basenokuhlala beziva "bephezulu" okanye bazame ukukhusela izikhumbuzo zesiganeko.
I-ASD iquka iimpawu zokuhlukana . Ukwahlukana ngamava apho umntu angaziva ekhutshwe khona kuye kunye / okanye ejikelezileyo. Ukwahlukana kungahle kuthathe ixesha lokulahlekelwa ngothinteko kunye nento eyenzekayo malunga nawe (njengokuba kwenzeka ntoni xa uhamba phambili) ukuba ungabi nesikhumbuzo sexesha elide ("ukuphuma ngaphandle") kunye / okanye ukuziva ngathi ungaphandle kwakho umzimba. Unokuvakalelwa ngathi uzibukele ngathi ungomnye umntu.
Ukuxilongwa
Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukufumana iimpawu ezithile ezixinzeleleke uxinzelelo ezilandelayo emva kwexesha lomcimbi .
Ngoko ke, ukuba ufumane i-ASD, umntu kufuneka ahlangabezane neemfuno ezithile (okanye iinkqubo). Ezi mfuno zichazwa yi-DSM-IV kwaye zinikezelwa ngezantsi:
Criterion A
Umntu kufuneka abe nesiganeko esibuhlungu apho ezi zinto zilandelayo zenzeke:
- Umntu ohlangenwe nakho, obungqina okanye ojongene nesiganeko apho kwakukho isongelo okanye ukufa okanye ukulimala kakhulu. Esi siganeko sinokubandakanya isongelo kumntu womntu okanye umntu onomzimba.
- Umntu uphendule kweso siganeko ngeengxaki ezinzulu zokwesaba, ukungenakunceda, okanye ukuphazamiseka.
Criterion B
Umntu ubuncinane ubuncinane kwezi zilandelayo zibonakaliso ze-dissociative ngexesha okanye emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu:
- Uziva unxweme okanye uvalelwe okanye unobunzima obufumana iimvakalelo.
- Uvakalelwa okanye ungaziqondi ngokupheleleyo indawo.
- Ukuqhelanisa, okanye ukuziva ngathi abantu, indawo kunye nezinto azikhoyo.
- Ukuxhomekeka kwamanye amazwe, okanye ukuziva uhlukeneyo kwaye uxhomekeke kuwe.
- Dissociative amnesia , okanye akakwazi ukukhumbula iziganeko ezibalulekileyo zesiganeko esibuhlungu.
Criterion C
Umntu unomnye ubuncinane obona impawu , ezifana nokucinga, ukukhumbula, okanye amaphupha athile malunga nomcimbi. Oku kungathabatha ifom ye "flashbocks" apho eso siganeko sihlangene nanjengoko senzeke ngokuchasene, okanye ngeendlobongela, apho isiganeko siphinde siphila ngenye indlela.
Criterion D
Umntu uzama ukuphepha abantu, indawo, okanye izinto ezimkhumbuzayo ngomcimbi.
Criterion E
Umntu unempawu ezinobungozi , ezifana nokuziva ehlala ekhuselekileyo okanye enobunzima, enobunzima bokulala, iingxaki zokugxininisa, okanye ukucaphuka.
Criterion F
Izimpawu ezichazwe ngasentla zinempembelelo enkulu ebomini bomntu obafumanayo, ephazamise umsebenzi okanye ubudlelwane.
Criterion G
Iimpawu zigcina ubuncinane iintsuku ezimbini kunye neveki ezine. Iimpawu ziphinde zenzeke kwiiveki ezine zokufumana isiganeko esibuhlungu.
Criterion H
Izimpawu azikho ngenxa yesifo okanye enye imeko yezokwelapha, ukuthathwa ngamachiza, okanye ukusetyenziswa kotywala / iziyobisi.
ASD kunye nePTSD
I-ASD yimeko ebalulekileyo. Abantu abane-ASD basengozini enkulu ekugqibeleni bavelise i-PTSD . Ngenxa yeempawu zokuphazamiseka kwe-ASD, umntu akanako ukukhumbula iziganeko ezibalulekileyo zesiganeko, kwakunye neemvakalelo abazifumanayo. Oku kunokuphazamisana nokukwazi komntu ukuzalisa ngokupheleleyo umphumo weso siganeko kunye neemvakalelo zabo malunga nesiganeko, ukuphazamisa inkqubo yokubuyisela.
I-post-traumatic disorder disorder (PTSD) yimeko enzima yokunyanga kunye nenhliziyo echaphazela uxolo kunye nenhlalakahle yabasindayo bexinzelelo. Kuthemba ukuba ngokukwazi ukufumanisa ingxaki yokuxinwa kwengxaki ngale ndlela, abo basengozini yokuphuhlisa i-PTSD baya kuchongwa kangcono kwaye bahlolwe ukuze bancede ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu zabo ziqhubele phambili kwi-PTSD.
Kukho ingxoxo malunga nendlela i-ASD inokukwazi ukuxela ngayo i-PTSD-abaninzi abantu abane-ASD bayaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa i-PTSD, kodwa abaninzi abantu abafumene i-PTSD abanalo imbali ye-ASD yangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphezu kokubaluleka kokubaluleka kwe-PTSD, i-ASD yimeko ebalulekileyo efanelekileyo yokunyamekela ngokunyamekela kwaye unyango ngokwalo.
Isiphelo
Ukuba ucinga ukuba unayo i-ASD, kubalulekile ukuba udibana neengcali zempilo yengqondo eqeqeshiwe ekuhloleni nasekuphatheni i-ASD. Ekuqaleni uyazibona kwaye uyayilungisa le mpawu, enkulu amathuba okuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwe-PTSD, kunye nethuba elikhulu lokuba uqalise ngokukhawuleza ekujonganeni neempawu onalo.
Imithombo:
Brown, R., Nugent, N., Hawn, S. et al. Ukuqikelela Ukutshintshwa Kwimiqathango Yokuxinwa Kwengcinezelo Yengxaki Yokuxinwa Kwengqondo Yokuxinwa Kwengqondo kwi-Children Inokulimala Okukhulu. Umbhalo weNkcazo yeMpilo yezeMpilo . 2016. 30 (6): 558-568.
UBryant, R., uCreamer, M., O'Donnell, M. et al. Ukuthelekiswa komthamo we-DSM-IV kunye ne-DSM-5 iinguqu zokuphazamiseka kwengxaki yokuxela i-posttraumatic stress disorder. Umbhalo we-Clinical Psychiatry . 2015. 76 (4): 391-7.
Howlett, J., noMnu Stein. Ukuthintelwa kweTrauma kunye neengxaki ezixinzeleleke kwiinkxalabo: Ukuphononongwa. Neuropsychopharmacology . 2016. 41 (1): 357-69.