Ukutya Iingxaki ezinxulumene nePhobia yeVomiting (i-Emetophobia)
Ngaba ukwesaba ukuphonsa? Ngaba oku kuchaphazela ukutya kwakho? Ngaba ufumene ukuba unesifo sokugula ? Ngaba ukukhathazeka kwakho kokutya (ngokwenene) nokuba yi-phobia?
Njengoko ukwesaba ukundiza okanye uloyiko lweengcambu , ukwesaba ukuhlanza kunokuba lukhulu kangangokuba luba lubi . I-phobia ethile yokuhlanza (i-SPOV), ebizwa ngokuba yi- emetophobia , yimeko enzulu yeklinikhi.
I- Manual Diagnostic and Statistical of Disabled Disorders, u-5 Edition (DSM-5) ibeka uluhlu njengento ethile, "enye" i-subtype.
I-SPOV ibandakanya ukwesaba okukhulu kunye nokungenangqondo kokuhlanza nokukhusela iimeko ezinxulumene nokuhlanza. Ingabonakala kakhulu njengengxaki yokutya, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo iyenzeka enye. Abantu abaninzi abanengxaki yokwesaba ukuhlanza bafuna unyango kunye nokutya kweengxaki zeengxaki okanye iinkqubo zokuphazamiseka kwezifo. Ngelishwa, kukholwa ukuba abantu abaninzi abane-SPOV baxatyiswa ngokungathandabuzekiyo njengesifo sokutya-esinye isifundo ngo-2013 sibonise ukuba ezininzi iingxaki zentsholongwane zingenayo i-SPOV okanye ziyiqonde xa zibona.
I-phobia ecacileyo yokuhlanza ayizange iphandwe kakuhle. Ichaphazela amabhinqa angaphezu kwamadoda kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo akhula ebuntwaneni okanye ebusheni. Umlinganiselo wesifo ochaphazelekayo uchaphazeleka iminyaka engama-25 ngaphambi kokuba afune unyango. Abaphengululi ngokubanzi bajonga i-SPOV njengenselele ukunyanga ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuphuma kunye neempendulo ezingalunganga kunyango.
Ingaba yinye yezona phobias eziphazamisayo kakhulu kuba abantu abanalo baza kuphepha ulwahlulo oluninzi lweemeko.
Iimpawu kunye nokuxilongwa
Kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinokubonisa ukuba unesifo esithile sokuhlanza.
Ukujonga
Uphawu oluphambili lwe-SPOV luyasisongela rhoqo, ukuvakalelwa okungathandekiyo kuhambelana nenkqubo yesisu.
Abantu abane-SPOV baziva bexhamla ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunabantu abangenazo i-phobia. Uninzi lwabantu abane-SPOV buchaphazela ukuba bahlaselwe isicathulo ngasinye kwisinye kwiintsuku ezimbini, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphezulu kweyure ngexesha. Amava okubambisa isicathulo sibonakala ehambelana ngokusondeleyo kwintloni yokuba abantu bazive. Labo abane-SPOV abafumana isicathulo esininzi sinokubonakala belahlekelwa bunzima.
Iingcamango
Ukuba unayo i-SPOV, uyothuswa ngcamango yokuhlanza. Usenokuba nokwesaba ukulahlekelwa ukulawula nokugula. Xa uziva ugule, unokucinga ngokugqithiseleyo, "Ndiya kuhlanza," inkolelo enamandla ukuba uya kuyenza.
Ungesaba uhlanza kunye nabanye abasondezayo. Uninzi lwabantu (amaphesenti angama-47) kunye ne-vomit phobia ngokukodwa luyesaba ukuhlanza, kwaye ubuncinane besaba abanye bahlanza. Inombolo encinci (iipesenti ezingama-41) ngokufanayo ziyesaba ngokwazo kunye nabanye ukuhlanza. Ngokuqhelekileyo yenza abantu abane-SPOV kuphela okanye ngokukodwa ukwesaba abanye (kwaye kungekhona ngokwabo) ukuhlanza. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwabanye kunokusatshiswa ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokoyiko lokusasazeka.
Iimpazamo
Ukuba unayo i-SPOV ungabandakanyeka kwiinkalo zokuziphatha ukuzama ukunciphisa amathuba okuhlanza. Ezi ziquka ukutshintshisa umzimba wakho ngokuvalelwa kunye nezibonakaliso onokuzihlamba.
Unakho ukubandakanya nokuziphatha okukhuselekileyo nokuziphatha okukhuselekileyo okubandakanya ukuhlola imihla yokuphelelwa kokutya, ukuphepha ukusela utywala kunye nokuphepha ukutya okunye njengenyama kunye nezilwanyana zaselwandle. Ezi ziphatha zokuthintela zingadla ixhala elikhulu kunye nexesha.
Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
Abantu abane-SPOV banenkcitho enkulu. Inokuphazamisana nomsebenzi xa ungathatha iintsuku ngenxa yokuba ucinga ukuba umntu eofisini uyagula. Inokuchaphazela impilo yakho yentlalo xa uphepha ukuhlangana kweentlalo apho ukholelwa ukuba kukho ingozi yokuhlanza. Unokuphephelela ukunxibelelana nabantwana xa begula okanye belele kwelinye igumbi xa iqabane lakho ligula okanye liphuza.
Iimvavanyo zovavanyo
Kukho amanyathelo amabini avumelekileyo okuvavanya i-SPOV:
- I-Phobia ecacileyo yokuLawulwa kweMpahla (SPOVI)
- I-Emetophobia Questionnaire (EMETQ)
Ulwalamano nezinye izifo
Ngenxa yokuba ukwesaba okukodwa kokuhlanza kubandakanya ezininzi iimpawu ezifanayo kunye nezinye izifo eziqondwa kakuhle, mhlawumbi kuye kwaqatshelwa kwaye kwafumanisa kakubi. Ukugula ngengxaki yokugula (okokuqala i-hypochondriasis) inokwabelana ngokubanzi kunye ne-SPOV, kuquka ukukhathazeka, ukufuna ukuqinisekiswa, nokujonga indlela yokuziphatha malunga nokusuleleka kwezifo okanye ukutyhelwa kokutya okunokubangela ukuhlanza.
Iimpawu ze-SPOV zinokubonakala ngathi ukuhlamba izandla okanye ukucocwa okuphawulwayo kwi -OCD) . Zombini i-SPOV kunye ne-panic disorder zibonakaliswe ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokwesaba ukuvakalelwa komzimba, okuza kuqinisa intlungu. Ezinye izigulane ezine-SPOV zineminye yeempawu zentlalo yoluntu , ukwesaba ukuhlanza kwiimeko zentlalo okanye abanye abagwebayo xa begula.
Ulwalamano nokudliwayo kokutya
Nangona uvavanyo lwe-disorder disorder kunye ne-SPOV lunokubakho ngokukhawuleza, kukho uphando olunqongopheleko oku kwenzeka njalo. Kwisifundo esinye sokuziphatha kokutya kubantu abane-SPOV, malunga nesithathu kwisabelo sabathathi-nxaxheba banciphisa ukutya kwabo kwaye baqhuba ukuziphatha okungavumelekanga kokuziphatha. Olunye uphando lubone ukuba ama-80 ekhulwini abantu abane-SPOV babika ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga kunye nama-61 ekhulwini abiza ukuphepha kokutya. Kwisifundo sesithathu, kwizigulane ezingama-131 ezine-SPOV, ezine zifunyaniswe ukuba ne-anorexia nervosa.
Abantu abane-SPOV badla ngokukhawuleza ukutya ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlanza. Ngaloo ndlela, banokubonakala ngathi banjengezigulane ezineengxaki zokutya, ngokukhawuleza ukukhusela ingxaki yokukhusela (ARFID) , leyo i-DSM-5 ichaza njengesifo sokutya apho abantu abahluleki ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo zondlo kodwa abanalo umfanekiso womzimba ukukhathazeka ngabantu ngabanye abane- anorexia nervosa. Abantu abane-SPOV banokudibana ne- ARFID xa kukho ukwesaba kakhulu ukuhlanza nokutya kunokukhawulelwa kwaye kukho na enye yeemeko zilandelayo:
- Ukulahleka komzimba
- Ukunqongophala okunomsoco
- Ukuxhomekeka kwi- tube feed
- Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
Ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nokuthintela kokutya, abanye abantu abane-SPOV ehlangabezana neenqobo ze-ARFID bangaqala ukuphuhlisa iimpawu ze-anorexia nervosa, ezifana nobukhulu kunye nokukhathazeka kwemeko, umfanekiso womzimba ongathandekiyo, okanye ukuphepha kokutya okunamandla.
Kwakhona kubonakala ngathi abanye abantu abane-SPOV banokungaxilwanga kakubi nge-anorexia ngenxa yesimo sengqondo sokuphazamiseka nokuziphatha okuqhutyelwa yimoyiko yokutya kunokutya kwengqondo ye-psychopathology. Xa ukwenza izigulane zonyango kufuneka ziqonde ukuba kutheni isigulane sesaba kwaye sigweme ukutya: ingenxa yokwesaba ukufumana ubunzima okanye ukwesaba ukuhlanza?
Phuhliso
I-Phobias ikholelwa ukuba ibangelwa ukusebenzisana okunzima kweziganeko zofuzo kunye nemeko yendalo. Kukholelwa ukuba zizinto ezininzi zokulungiselela i-SPOV. Abantu abahlakulela ukwesaba ukuhlanza kubonakala benobungozi ngokubanzi kwixhala. Basenokutyekela ukuxhalabisa ngeempawu ezinjengokuthi "amaqabunga esisu" okanye isicashu. Ekugqibeleni, banokuba nobuhlungu obukhulu bokukhathazeka.
Uninzi lwama-phobias lubandakanya ukwesaba okufundiweyo okubangela ukuba le nto ibangele. Esinye isiganeko esibuhlungu sinokuba negalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwe-phobia. Abantu abaninzi abane-SPOV bakhumbula isiganeko esichukumisayo esichaphazelayo okanye abanye bahlanza. Abanye abantu bakhumbula akukho siganeko esichukumisayo; Ezi zinokuthi zibe ziimeko zokufunda ngokuzikhusela, umzekelo ngokufunda malunga nesiganeko sokuhlanza okanye ukuva omnye umntu uthetha ngokuhlanza ngendlela eyoyikisayo.
Ukugcinwa
Xa abantu baninzi baqwalasela iimpawu zesisu, banokuthi banokuqonda ukukhwaza iisulu. Abo banenkxalabo emzimbeni bangakwazi ukuphazamisa ngokucacileyo izibonakaliso ezinobunzima bokugaya njengendlela yesohlwayo esizayo. Oku kubangela ukuxhalaba okukhulu, okuphakamisa isicupunu.
Le ntliziyo inokuphosakeka ngenxa yeso sibonakaliso sokuthi ukuhlanza kusondele. Ukungaqondakali okukrakra kunceda ukwandisa uxhalaba, kwaye umjikelezo onobungozi uyaqhubeka. Isisongeleko esingakumbi umntu ovakalelwa kukuba, ngakumbi ukwesaba, ukunyaniseka ngakumbi, isisongela esikhulu.
Ukuphepheka nokuziphatha okukhuselekileyo kugcina i-phobia. Abantu abane-SPOV bavame ukuphepha ukutya okuthe ngqo ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuhlanza. Ngokuqhelekileyo ugweme ukutya kufaka inyama, inkukhu, ukutya kwezilwanyana kunye ne-shellfish, ukutya kwangaphandle, iimveliso zobisi, kunye neziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Basenokuthi banciphise inani lokutya ukuze banciphise ubunzima bokuzaliseka abaya kubenza bafumane ukuhlanza. Banokuthi bayeke ukutya ukutya kwiimeko ezithile, ezifana nokutya okuphekwe ngabanye abantu.
Abantu abanokuhlanza i-phobia bafikelele ukukhusela iimeko ezininzi:
- Abo ba kholelwa baya kwandisa umngcipheko wabo wokuhlanza-ukutya kwi-bars okanye i-buffets, ukutyelela abantu esibhedlele, ukutya kwiivenkile, izindlu zangasese zangasese, ukuhamba, iinqanawa kunye neendiza, ukuya epakini lokuzonwabisa okanye abantu abagulayo
- Abo ba kholelwa ukuba banokubona umntu ehlanza-iziganeko apho iindwendwe zisela utywala, indawo apho abantwana badlala khona-okanye apho bayesaba khona bangahlamba phambi kwabanye
- Ukukhulelwa-abanye baye bakhetha ukuphelisa ukukhulelwa ngenxa yokwesaba ukuhlanza
- Kunconywa ukuhlinzwa
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezininzi zeemeko zikhutshwe ziya kudibana nomngcipheko ophantsi kakhulu wokuhlanza. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abaphepheyo bahluleka ukufunda ukuba ezi ngxaki aziyingozi.
Abantu abane-SPOV bathuthukisa iimpawu zokuphepha abazikholelwayo ukunciphisa amathuba abo okuhlanza. Bangathatha i-antiacids, bagqoke iiglavu zerabha, bahlolisise ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuthengiswa ngomhla kunye nokutya okutsha, bahlambe izandla ngokugqithiseleyo, bahlambulule ngokucacileyo indawo yekhitshi, bahlambe ukutya ngokugqithiseleyo. Bayibeka ingqalelo ukuphumelela kwezi meko ukukhusela ukuhlanza.
Kunceda abantu abane-SPOV ukuba baqonde ukuba amaxesha okuhlanza ahluke kakhulu kubantu abane-SPOV kunokuba abantu abangenayo i-phobia kwaye abazenzi ukuphepha nokuziphatha okukhuselekileyo. Enyanisweni, ukuhlanza kuyinto engaqhelekanga.
Unyango
Uphando olwenziwe kunyango lwe-SPOV lugqithise kakhulu, kunye nolunye luvavanyo olulawulwa ngolu hlobo olulinganiselwe. I-ctnitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) yindlela esetyenziswa ngayo kakhulu kunyango lwe-SPOV kunye nezinye i-phobias. Unyango kufuneka uqale ngovavanyo olupheleleyo kunye nokuqulunqwa okunceda isigulane ukuqonda iinkqubo ezigcina ukwesaba kwesigulane. Ukuqulunqwa kwakhona kukhokela ukhetho lwezonyango.
Njengoko kuninzi lwe-phobias, ukuvezwa yinto ebalulekileyo yonyango. Uthintelo oluphambili kwonyango lwe-SPOV kukuba ukuba unyango aluqhelekanga kubandakanya ukuchazwa kwimeko echanekileyo-oko kukuzenza, ukuhlanza. Ukuchithwa kokuhlanza nge-emetic akuqwalaselwa njengokwenzayo okanye kukhuselekile, ngokukodwa xa kwenziwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kwakhona, ukuchasana omnye kungenako ukwanela ukunciphisa ubunzima bokuhlanza. Uphulo lugxile ekuboniseni ukuvakalelwa kunye nokuhlanza kunye neemeko ezibangela ukwesaba ukuhlanza.
Ingqondo
I-CBT ye-SPOV idla ngokuqala nge-psychoeducation malunga nokuhlanza i-phobia, kubandakanywa umzekelo wokukhathazeka okugxininisa ukusebenzisana kwezinto ezinengqiqo, eziphathekayo kunye nokuziphatha. Izigulane kufuneka zifundiswe malunga nezinto ezigcina ingxaki kunye nokubaluleka kokuvezwa kwonyango.
Unokuqinisekiswa ukuba ufunde ukuba:
- Ukutshabalalisa kuyinkqubo evamile kunye neyaguquguqukayo, eyenzelwe ukugcina ubomi bakho ngokukhupha umzimba wakho wento oyilungileyo engcolileyo okanye eyingozi.
- Zonke izilwanyana ngaphandle kwamathokazi zihlanza (oko kutheni i-poisonity is effective).
- Awunakuzikhusela ekuhlanjeni. Kuyi-reflex yangaphambili engakwazi ukukhutshwa.
- Isihlunu asiqhelwanga nje ngokubonisa ukuhlanza.
- Imigangatho yokuphepha yokutya, i-friji, kunye nokucocwa kwenkunkuma ziye zanciphisa kakhulu umzekelo wokuhlanza kwihlabathi eliphuhlisiweyo; Uphononongo olunye lufumanise ukuba abaninzi abantu bakhumbula ukuhlanza amaxesha amane ukuya kwisithandathu ngexesha lokuphila kwabo.
Ukuboniswa
Ukunyangwa kwamademokhrasi kudla ngokubandakanya ukuvezwa kwimbono engundoqo kwimeko kunye nokugcinwa kwe-SPOV, njengentlanzi. Ukubonakalisa ukuvakalelwa komzimba kubandakanya ukunyusa iimpawu zomzimba ezifana nokuxhalabisa. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba nesigulane siphumelele sinokubangela ukuzondla kwaye ngezinye izibilini.
Ezinye iindlela zonyango ze-CBT ziquka ukubhalwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezidlulileyo zokuhlamba. Abanye abaphengululi basebenzise ukuboniswa kwiividiyo zabanye ukuhlanza. Maxa wambi izigulane zicelwa ukuba zihlanza. Kulo msebenzi, bafaka umququ wokutya okudliwayo emlonyeni wabo, baguqe phambi kwendlu yangasese, baphelele kwindawo yangasese ukuze bafanise ukuthungwa kunye nezandi zokuhlanza. Izigulana nazo ziyakwazi ukubonakaliswa kwinto ekhangeleka okanye ehlabayo njengamanzi.
Ukongezelela ekuboniseni ukuvakalelwa kwenyama kunye nemibandela yokuhlanza ichazwe ngasentla, unyango kufuneka lubandakanye ukuvezwa kuzo zonke ukutya kunye neemeko eziye zagwetshwa. Oku kufuthi kwenziwa kwindlela yokuzimela, kunye neemeko ezihamba phambili ngokukhawuleza. Imeko inokudibaniswa. Umzekelo, umntu angadla ukutya kokutya aze ahambe kwi-rollercoaster.
I-CBT unyango iquka ukuyeka ukuziphatha okukhuselekileyo, njengokugqoka iiglavu kunye nokucoca okuninzi. Kwakhona kubandakanya iingcinga ezinzima ezixhalabisa.
Nangona ukungenelela kokuziphatha okunokwenkcazo kuya kubonakala kukugxininiso, imithi ethile njengama-SSRI inokuba luncedo, ngakumbi ukuba kukho nezinye iimpawu okanye iimpawu zokuxhalabisa.
Ukubuyiswa kwesisindo
Ukuba isiguli sisesisindo esiphantsi, ukuzuza ubunzima nokubuyiselwa kwamaphetheni aqhelekileyo okutya kwi-SPOV yinjongo yokwelapha ebalulekileyo, njengoko kunjalo kwi-anorexia nervosa. Ulwaphulo olusekelwe kwintsapho lugxile ekubuyiseleni okunomsoco kwaye ukuvezwa kwinto enokukhetha unyango olulungileyo kubantu abaselula kunye ne-SPOV abafuna ukubuyisela ubunzima.
ILizwi
Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ungafuni ukufumana uncedo. Ukuba wena (okanye othandekayo) unesaba esikhulu sokuhlanza, kubalulekile ukufumana uvavanyo olukhokelela ekuxilongweni oluchanekileyo. Emva koko unokuqalisa inkqubo yokubuyisela.
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