Nangona iziganeko zentuthuko yomzimba zidla ngokuba zizinto ezilula ukuzigcina, iminyaka yokuqala yobomi bomntwana nayo ibhalwe ngamanye amanyathelo okuphuhlisa , kuquka intlalo kunye nemvakalelo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi mpu melelo zinokuba nzima okanye zingenakwenzeka ukuchonga ngokuthe ngqo kuba zihlala zibandakanya izinto ezifana nokwanda kokwazi.
Izakhono ezinjalo zinokuba nzima ukuba zibone, kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu njengezinto ezibalulekileyo , ngakumbi ekubeni izakhono zentlalo nezengqondo zibaluleke kakhulu xa umntwana engena esikolweni.
Ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu
Ngexesha leenyanga ezintathu zokuqala, iintsana zifunda ngokuzimeleyo ngokwazo kunye nabantu ababajikelezile. Icandelo lalo lwakhiwo lwezakhono luquka:
- Ukujonga ezandleni zabo kunye nokutsana ngeminwe
- Ukukhangela inxalenye yomzimba wabo ukuba abazali okanye umnakekeli uthinte
- Ukuqonda indlela imilenze kunye neengalo ezifakwe ngayo
- Ukuqonda ukuba zizinto ezihlukeneyo ezivela kubo
- Ukufunda ukuthuthuzelwa nokudityaniswa ngabantu abadala
- Ukuzonwabisa ngokuzonwabisa kunye nokumomotheka kubantu
- Ukuphendula ukuthinta
Ukususela kwi-3 ukuya kwi-6 inyanga
Intsebenziswano yoluntu iya kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngeli thuba lokuphuhliswa, ezininzi iintsana ziqala:
- Phendula xa kuthethwa igama labo
- Smile
- Lihle
- Dlala i-peek-a-boo
Ukususela kwi-6 ukuya kwi-9 inyanga
Njengokuba iintsana zikhula, zingaqala ukubonisa ukhetho kubantu abaqhelekileyo.
Phakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kweyesithoba, abaninzi abantwana banako:
- Ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo ezininzi kuquka ulonwabo, intlungu, ukwesaba, nomsindo
- Ukwahlula phakathi kweentsapho kunye nabahlobo abangaqhelekanga
- Bonisa ukukhungatheka xa itekisi ithathwa
- Phendula kumagama athetha kunye nokuthinta
Ukususela kwi-9 ukuya kwi-12 inyanga
Njengoko abantwana behlala behlala kuluntu, bahlala beqala ukulinganisa izenzo zabanye.
Umthetho wokuzilawula uya kuba luleke kakhulu kumntwana ufikelela omnye unyaka ubudala. Uninzi lwa bantwana luyakwazi:
- Gcina indebe uphuze ngoncedo
- Xelisa izenzo ezintle
- Zondla ngokwabo ukutya okuncinci
- Bonisa ukuxhalaba xa uhlukaniswe nabazali okanye abanakekeli
Kususela kwiminyaka eyi-1 ukuya kweyimi-2
Ukususela kwiminyaka yobudala ukuya kwimibini emibini, abantwana bachitha ixesha elide besebenzisana nabantu abaninzi. Baqala ukufumana ingqiqo enkulu yokuziqonda. Kule nqanaba, abaninzi banakho:
- Qaphela umfanekiso wabo kwisibuko
- Qalisa imisebenzi yokudlala
- Dlala ngokuzimeleyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuxelisa izenzo ezindala
- Umthetho uyavuya xa ufezekisa into ethile
- Qala ukuzama ukukunceda, rhoqo ngokubeka amathoyizi
- Ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo eziphazamisayo kuquka ukucaphuka kunye nentlungu
- Yiba nokuzimela ngokwengeziwe kwaye ungazama ukuqondisa izenzo zabanye
Kususela kwiminyaka emi-2 kuya kwe-3
Ngethuba leminyaka emancinci, abantwana baqala ukudala kunye nokuzithemba. Kwiminyaka emibili ubudala, abaninzi abantwana baqala uku:
- Qaphela ukuba yinkwenkwana okanye intombazana
- Qala ukugqoka kunye nokuziphazamisa
- Bonisa iimfuno zakho malunga neetys, ukutya kunye nemisebenzi
- Qala uthi "Cha" kubantu abadala
- Jabulela ukubukela nokudlala nabanye abantwana
- Zizikhusele ngezinto zabo
- Sebenzisa izinto ngokuzenzekelayo ngexesha lokudlala
- Ngokuqhelekileyo utshintsho olukhawulezayo kwimoya
Kususela kwiminyaka emi-3 kuya kwe-4
Ngenxa yokuba abaneminyaka emithathu ubudala banokukwazi ukwenza izenzo zenyama, uvakalelo lwabo kunye nokuzimela ziba zivakaliswe ngakumbi kule minyaka. Ngomnyaka wesithathu, abaninzi abantwana baqala uku:
- Landela izikhokelo
- Yenza imisebenzi ethile ngoncedo oluncinane okanye olungenanto
- Yabelana ngamathoyizi nabanye abantwana
- Yenza imidlalo kwaye ubuze abanye abantwana ukuba bajoyine
- Qalisa ukubandakanya ukuzenza udlala
Kususela kwiminyaka emi-4 kuya kwemi-5
Ngomnyaka wesine, abantwana bafumana ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngabantu babo. Njengoko izakhono zabo zonyuka zikhula, ziyakwazi ukuhlolisisa ubuchule bazo ezinokubangela ukuzithemba okukhulu nokuzikhukhumeza.
Kule minyaka, abaninzi abantwana baqala uku:
- Qonda ukuhluka kobomi phakathi kokuziphatha okuhle nokubi
- Ukuphuhlisa ubuhlobo nabanye abantwana
- Thelekisa nabanye abantwana kunye nabantu abadala
- Yiba nolwazi ngakumbi kwabanye abantu
- Jabulela umdlalo omkhulu, umdlalo kunye nabanye abantwana
- Jabulela imidlalo ekhuphisanayo
Nceda Abantwana Bakhulise Iikghono Zomzwelo
Ngethuba leminyaka embalwa yokuqala yobomi, kubalulekile ukuba abantwana bafunde ukuba banokuba nethemba kwaye bathembele kubanakekeli babo. Ngokuziphendulela nokuzimelela, abazali banceda abantwana bafunde ukuba banokuxhomekeka kubantu abasondeleyo. Inxalenye enkulu yale nto ibandakanya ukubonelela ngemigaqo efanelekileyo kunye nokuziphatha njengoko umntwana ekhula. Ukuba umntwana uyazi oko kulindeleke kwaye kuya kwenzeka ntoni xa imithetho iphukile, baya kufunda ukuba ihlabathi lihlelekile. Ukwenza oku kunceda abantwana bahlakulele ngakumbi ukuzithiba.
Ukuze bahlakulele izakhono zentlalo nezengqondo, abazali kufuneka banike abantwana babo ithuba lokudlala nabanye, bahlolisise ngamakhono abo baze bachaze iimvakalelo zabo. Nangona ukugcina imingcele, ihlala ilungileyo ukunika abantwana ukhetho ukuze baqale ukufaka izigqibo zabo. "Ngaba ufuna ipeysi okanye ingqolowa yokutya?" okanye "Ngaba ufuna ukugqoka ihembe elibomvu okanye ihembe elihlaza?" yimimiselo yemibuzo abazali abafanele bayenze ukuze bancede abantwana benze izigqibo zabo.
Kwiimeko zentlalo, kunceda umntwana afunde indlela yokubonisa iimvakalelo zakhe ngendlela efanelekileyo. Xa iimvakalelo ezinamandla ezifana nomsindo okanye umona ziphakamisa iintloko zawo, khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba athethe ngendlela aziva ngayo ngaphandle kokwenza ngokungafanelekanga. Xa iimpendulo zengqondo ezingafanelekiyo zenzeke, njengokubetha okanye ukugcoba, kucacise ukuba izenzo azamkelekanga, kodwa zisoloko zinikela ngempendulo. Mzekelo uhlobo lokuziphatha okulindele ukulubona.
Iingxelo:
UMbutho Wokukhubazeka Wokufunda waseMelika (1999). UkuLwazisa kwangaphambili - Iingcali zentlalo. Ifunyenwe kwi-intanethi kwi-http: //www.ldonline.org/article/6050
Uphuhliso loLuntu kunye nolwaMoya (nd) loNyana wonke. Ifunyenwe kwi-intanethi kwi-http: //www.pbs.org/wholechild/abc/social.html