Inkcazo yenkcubeko yenkcubeko yinkcazo ephumayo kwiingqondo zengqondo ejongene neminikelo ebalulekileyo eyenziwa ngumntu ekuphuhliseni ngamnye. Le ngcamango igxininisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kokuphuhlisa abantu kunye nenkcubeko abahlala kuyo. Le ngcamango ibonisa ukuba ukufunda kwabantu ngokuyinxalenye yenkqubo yentlalo.
Isingeniso kwiNkcubeko yeNkcubeko
Inkcazo yenkcubeko yenkcubeko yakhula evela emsebenzini weengqondo zezempilo uVev Vygotsky , owayekholelwa ukuba abazali, abanonophelo, oontanga, kunye nenkcubeko enkulu babejongene nokuphuhlisa imisebenzi ephezulu.
Ngokutsho kukaVigotsky, ukufunda kunesiseko sokusebenzisana nabanye abantu. Emva kokuba oku kwenzekile, ulwazi ludibaniswe kumgangatho ngamnye:
UVigotsky wayengomnye wabantu abacinga kakhulu njengoFrud , Skinner , noPiaget , kodwa ukufa kwakhe kwasekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-37 kunye nokunyanzelwa komsebenzi wakhe kwiRussia yaseStalin kuye kwamshiya ngokungafihli ngokukhawuleza. Njengoko umsebenzi wakhe ushicilelwe ngokubanzi, iingcamango zakhe ziye zanda kakhulu kwiindawo ezibandakanya ukuphuhlisa abantwana, ingqondo yengqondo kunye nemfundo.
Inkcazo yezopolitiko ayijolisi nje kuphela indlela abadala nabaontanga abachaphazela ngayo ukufunda ngabanye, kodwa nangendlela iinkolelo zenkcubeko kunye nesimo sengqondo esichaphazela ngayo indlela ukufundiswa nokufunda kwenzeka ngayo.
Ngokutsho kukaVigotsky, abantwana bazalwa abaneengqinamba zezinto eziphilayo ezingqondweni zabo. Kodwa inkcubeko, nangona kunjalo, inikeza into awayebhekisela kuyo ngokuthi 'izixhobo zokulungiswa kwengqondo.' Ezi zixhobo zivumela abantwana ukuba basebenzise amandla abo engqondo engundoqo ngendlela ehambelana nenkcubeko abahlala kuyo. Umzekelo, ngelixa enye inkcubeko inokugxininisa izicwangciso zeememori ezifana nokuthatha inqaku, ezinye iinkcubeko zingasebenzisa izixhobo ezinjengokukhumbuza okanye ukukhumbula ngekhanda.
UPiaget noVigotsky: Ulwahlulo olubalulekileyo
Ngako-ke i-theory ye-sociocultural culture kaVigotsky ihluke njani kwinkcazo kaPiaget yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo ?
Okokuqala, uVigotsky wabeka ugxininiso oluthe xaxa malunga nokuba izinto zentlalo zithinta njani uphuhliso. Nangona iincwadana zikaPiaget zigxininisekisa indlela ukusebenzisana komntwana kunye nokuhlola kwathintela uphuhliso, uVigotsky wagxininisa indima ebalulekileyo ukuba ukusebenzisana kwentlalo kudlala ekuphuculweni kwengqondo.
Omnye umehluko obalulekileyo phakathi kweengcamango zombini kukuba xa i-Piaget ingcamango ibonisa ukuba uphuhliso lukhulu ngokubanzi jikelele, uVigotsky wacebisa ukuba ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo kunokungafani phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Inkqubo yophuhliso kwinkcubeko yaseNtshona, umzekelo, inokuba yinto eyahlukileyo kunokuba yinkcubeko yaseMpuma.
Ummandla woPhuhliso oluPhambili
Ingqiqo ebalulekileyo kwinkcazo yentlalo yenkcubeko iyaziwa njengommandla wentuthuko eqhubekayo .
Ngokutsho kukaVigotsky, ummandla wophuhliso oluphambili "ngumda phakathi kwezinga langempela lophuhliso njengoko lichongiwe yinkqubo yokuzinza ngokuzimeleyo kunye nenqanaba lokuphuhliswa kwezinto ezinokuqulunqwa kwengxaki phantsi kolawulo lwabantu abadala okanye ngokubambisana nabalingane abanolwazi."
Eyona nto ibandakanya konke ulwazi nolwazi olungenako ukuqonda okanye ukwenza ngokwabo kodwa lukwazi ukufunda ngokukhokelwa. Njengoko abantwana bayavunyelwa ukwelula izakhono zabo nolwazi, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokubheka umntu ophakamileyo ngakumbi kunabo, banako ukunyusa ngokuqhubekayo lo mmandla wophuhliso olude.
Imiba malunga neNkcazo yoLuntu lwezeNtlalo
Kwimiyalezo yakhe, "Uphuhliso lweNtlalontle noBuntu," umlobi uDavid R. Shaffer uchaza ukuba ngelixa uPiaget ekholelwa ukuba uphuhliso lwengqondo luphela, iVigotsky ikholelwa ukuba inkcubeko nganye ibonisa ukungafani. Ngenxa yokuba iinkcubeko zingahluka ngokugqithisileyo, i-theory yenkcubeko yeCygotsky ibonisa ukuba zombini ikhosi kunye nomxholo wokuphuhliswa kwengqondo akufani nePagaget.
> Imithombo
> Vygotsky, LS (1978). Ingqondo kuMbutho. I-Cambridge, MA: i-University of Harvard.
> Vygotsky, L. (1986). Ukucinga kunye nolwimi. I-Cambridge, MA: I-MIT Press.
> Shaffer, DR (2009). LweNtlalo noPhuhliso lwaBantu. EBelmont, CA: iWadsworth.