Ukuguqulwa kwexesha libhekiselele ekukwazi ukulungelelanisa ulwazi olutsha kunye namava. Ukufunda ngokuqhelekileyo ukulungelelanisa imeko yethu yokutshintsha. Ngokuzilungelelanisa, sikwazi ukufumana iimpawu ezintsha ezenza sikwazi ukujamelana nokutshintsha.
Ulungelelaniso lwenzeka njani?
Ngokutsho kwengcamango kaJean Piaget , ukulungelelanisa kwakukho inkqubo ebalulekileyo ekukhombiseni uphuhliso lwengqondo.
Inkqubo yokuzilungelelanisa ngokwayo inokuvela ngeendlela ezimbini: ngokubanjiswa kunye nokuhlala.
Assimilation
Ngokubambisana , abantu bathabatha ulwazi kwilizwe langaphandle kwaye baguqula ukuba bahambelane neengcamango zabo kunye neengcamango zabo. Abantu baneengcaphephe zengqondo ngolwazi, ezibizwa ngokuba ngama-schemas, ezisetyenziselwa ukuqonda ihlabathi elibangqongileyo.
Xa ufumana ulwazi olutsha, ngamanye amaxesha lungaba lula ngokukhawuleza kwi-Schema ekhoyo. Cinga ngolu hlobo njengoko unesiseko sedatha. Xa ulwazi luhamba ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba elikhoyo, likwazi ukukhawuleza kwaye lenzeke lula kwiziko ledatha.
Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo ayisoloko isebenza ngokugqibeleleyo, ingakumbi ngexesha lokuqala kwasebuntwaneni. Omnye umzekelo weklasi: cinga umntwana omncinane ubona inja okokuqala. Umntwana sele esazi ukuba yintoni ikati, ngoko xa ebona inja ayithatha ngokukhawuleza yinkati. Emva kwayo yonke into, ihambelana nesihlomelo sayo esele ikhona kuba ikati, kuba zimbini zincinci, ziboya, kwaye zinemilenze emine.
Ukulungisa le mpazamo kwenzeka ngohlobo olulandelayo lokulungelelanisa esiya kujonga.
Indawo yokuhlala
Kwiindawo zokuhlala , abantu banokufumana ulwazi olutsha ngokutshintshisa izimvo zabo zengqondo ukuze bahambisane nolwazi olutsha. Xa abantu befumana ulwazi olutsha ngokupheleleyo okanye ukuba imingeni yabo ikhona, bahlala bequlunqa i-schema entsha ukuze bafumane ulwazi okanye batshintshe iindidi zabo zengqondo.
Kufana nokuzama ukungongeza ulwazi kwiziko lekhompyutheni, ukufumana ukuba akukho nhlobo ekhoyo ngaphambili eya kufumana idatha. Ukuze udibanise kwisiseko sedata, uza kufuneka udale intsha entsha okanye utshintshe okhoyo.
Ngomntwana kumzekelo wangaphambili oye wacinga ukuba inja yayiyikati, unokuqala ukuqaphela ukungafani okona phakathi kwezilwanyana ezimbini. Omnye uxhaphaza ngelixa ezinye iindwendwe. Omnye uthanda ukudlala ngelixa omnye ufuna ukulala yonke imini. Emva kwexesha elithile, uya kulala ngolwazi olutsha ngokudala i-schema entsha yeenja ngeli xesha eguqule i-schema yakhe ekhoyo kwiikati.
Akumangalisi ukuba inkqubo yokuhlala iyanzima kakhulu kunenkqubo yokwenza izinto. Abantu bahlala benqabile ukutshintsha amacebo abo, ingakumbi ukuba kubandakanya ukutshintsha inkolelo enzulu.
Ukuququmbela
Inkqubo yokulungelelanisa inxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo. Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokulungelelanisa ukufana nokuhlala, abantu bayakwazi ukuthatha ulwazi olutsha, benze imibono emitsha okanye batshintshe izinto ezikhoyo kunye nokuziphatha okutsha okubenza balungele ukujongana nehlabathi elibangqongileyo.
Iingxelo
UPiaget, J. (1964). Izifundo ezithandathu zeengqondo . ENew York: iivini.
UPiaget, J. (1973). Umntwana kunye Nenyaniso: iingxaki ze-Genetic Psychology. Penguin Books.
UPiaget, J. (1983). Ngcamango kaPiaget. Kwi-P. Mussen (Umhla.) Incwadi yesifundo sengqondo yengane . ENew York: iWiley.