Ubuntwana lixesha lophuhliso lomzimba ngokukhawuleza. Nangona ngokuqinisekileyo akulona uhlobo olulodwa lophuhliso oluthatha ukubeka ngexesha leminyaka yokuqala yobomi, yenye yezona zibonakala ngokubonakalayo. Ukukhula ngokomzimba ngexesha losemsaneni kunokukwenza ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza, njengoko naliphi na umzali oye wamangaliswa ngokukhawuleza ukuba abantwana bahamba ngokukhawuleza kangakanani iimpahla zabo.
Enye yezinto zokuqala abazali abaza kuyibona ngexesha leminyaka emancinci kukuba ukuphuculwa komzimba ngokukhawuleza okwenzeka ngexesha lokusana kuqalise ukucotha.
Nangona abantwana besakhula kwaye badibana nenani lezinto ezibalulekileyo zentuthuko yomzimba , oku kukhula kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza.
Iinguqu zoMzimba ngexesha leNyaka yeZikolo eziPhakamileyo
Ezinye zeentuthuko eziphambili ezibonakalayo ezenzeka ngexesha leminyaka yokufunda ziquka:
- Abantwana bayaqhubeka besenza ubunzima kunye nokuphakama, kodwa kuncinci ngakumbi kunokuba benzayo kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala yobomi.
- Ukuphela kwexesha lokufunda esikolweni kunokubonisa ukulahlekelwa kwamazinyo omntwana kunye nokuvela kwamazinyo asisigxina kubantwana abaninzi.
- Uphuhliso lobuchopho lukwindawo ephezulu. Ngelo xesha umntwana efikelela kwiminyaka emithathu, ubuchopho buya kufumana malunga neepesenti ezingama-75 zobunzima obuya kuba budala.
UkuPhucula kweMpilo kunye neZakhono zoPhuhliso lweeMoto
Njengoko abantwana bebetha iminyaka yokufundela, izakhono zabo zenyama zihamba phambili ngakumbi. Ngexesha leminyaka emithathu neyesine, abantwana bahlala befunda ukwenza izinto eziphathekayo ezifana nokubamba ibhola, ukugibela i-tricycle, ukuma kwelinye inyawo, nokuxhuma phezulu.
Ukongezelela kule ntuthuko kwizakhono ezizenzekelayo, nabo banokuqonda kakhulu kwimisebenzi efuna izakhono ezifanelekileyo zokuhamba njenge-puzzle, ukudlala ngezinto ezincinci, ukudweba kunye nokudweba.
Uthini umahluko phakathi kwezakhono eziphambili kunye nezityebileyo kwaye zibonakalisa njani ukuphuhliswa ngokwenyama?
- Izakhono ezininzi ziquka ukuhamba komzimba omkhulu njengokusebenza, ukukhaba, ukuxuma, ukukhuphuka nokuphonsa. Izakhono ezintle zokuhamba zibandakanya ukuhamba komzimba omncinci ofuna ukuchaneka njengokubhala, ukudweba nokusebenzisa izixhobo.
- Izakhono ezintle zihamba nzima kunokuba zizakhono kunokuba zizakhono ezizenzekelayo, kodwa zombini iintlobo zezakhono zamandla zithuthuka kakhulu ngexesha leminyaka yokufundela.
Indlela Yokukhuthaza Ukuphuhliswa Kwezakhono Zezakhono
Abanakekeli banokukunceda ukukhupha izakhono zezithuthi ngokukhetha amathoyizi kunye nemisebenzi efanelekileyo kumgangatho wekhono lomntwana. Iimbono ezimbalwa zokukhuthaza ezo zakhono ziquka:
- Ukunika abantwana ithuba lokuzibandakanya emisebenzini yomzimba kunceda ukuphuhliswa kobuchule obunjalo. Abantwana mabavunyelwe ukuba bazame izinto ezintsha nje nje ngokuba zenziwa kwimeko ekhuselekileyo neyongqinelweyo.
- Ixesha lokutya lingaba yithuba elihle lokuba abantwana bahlakulele izakhono zamandla. Nangona ukuvumela abantwana ukuba bazondle ngokwabo kubangelwe ukuvelisa ukuhlambalaza kunye nemilasi, kuyindlela enhle yokuba abantwana bakwazi ukwakha ukuxhunywa kwabo kunye nokusebenza kwamehlo. Ukufumana ukuzimela kunye nesicwangciso sengqondo kubaluleke kakhulu ngeli xesha, kwaye ukuzondla kunokunceda ukukhuthaza ezi mpawu.
- Ukudweba kunye nezinye iiprojekthi zobugcisa zobugcisa zikhuthaza nokuphuhliswa kwezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi. Akunabantwana kuphela abafunda nokusebenzisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, kufuneka bacinge nangento abaza kuyenza okanye bayipende. Ukufunda ezi zakhono kunceda abantwana baqhubele phambili emzimbeni kwaye baqinisekise ukuba balungele ukulungiselela isikolo.
Ngethuba elifikelela kwiminyaka emine, abantwana banako ukukwazi ukwenza izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ukweqa, imidlalo yebhola, kunye nebala lokudlala kuyamnandi kwaye kubangel 'umdla kubantwana abaneminyaka engama-11 ubudala. Ngaphezulu, banabhonasi eyongeziweyo yokunceda abantwana baqhelise izakhono ezibalulekileyo zophuhliso.
Kubalulekile kubazali nakwabanye abantu abadala ukuba banike abantwana ixesha elide kunye neendawo zokudlala emzimbeni. Nangona kulula ukuyichitha nje ngokuba "nje abantwana bedlala," kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukuzonwabisa okunjalo kunye nemidlalo ngokwenene kunceda abantwana bakwazi ukufunda nokuphuhlisa.
Iziganeko ezenzeka kwixesha lokufunda zingasinceda ukunquma ukuba umntwana olungiselelwe kakuhle kangakanani isikolo.
Abantwana abanenkululeko yokuphanda, bafumana ukuzimela nokuzithemba, kwaye izakhono zentsebenzo ziyakulungele ukulungiselela unyaka wokuqala wesikolo. Abantwana kufuneka bakhuthazwe ukuba badlale ukuze bafunde indlela yokwenza izenzo ezahlukeneyo ngokwabo.
Ukubaluleka kokutya okunokuThuthukiswa komzimba
Nangona uphuhliso lomzimba luqhubela ngokubanzi ngendlela eqikelelweyo, kukho izinto ezinokuba nefuthe elikhulu ekusebenzeni kunye nawaphi na abantwana xa bafumana ezi zinto zibalulekileyo. Isondlo yinto ebalulekileyo ebangela ukukhula komzimba.
Njengoko abantwana bangena kwiminyaka yokufundela, iintlobo zabo zondlo ziba zifana kakhulu nazo zabantu abadala. Ukutya ukutya ezahlukeneyo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana bafumana izondlo eziyimfuneko ekuphuculeni umzimba. Kunokuba bavumele abantwana ukuba bazalise iJusi kunye nobisi, iingcali zincoma ukunciphisa ukungenisa iziphuzo ezinjalo. Ukuba umntwana ugcwalisa iJusi kunye nobisi, mhlawumbi ulahleka ngaphandle kokutya ukutya okunye. Ngokubonelela abantwana ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokutya, abazali banokukunceda ukukhuthaza abantwana ukuba benze imikhuba enempilo baze benze izigqibo zokutya ezilungileyo ebomini.
Kule minyaka, abantwana banokuqala ukukhetha ngokuthandayo ngokutya. Nangona abantu abanonophelo baxhalabisa ukuba abantwana abadli ngokwaneleyo, oku kunokukhutshiswa ngokunika abantwana ukutya okunesondlo kunye nokutya okuncinane kwimihla yindlela enye yokuqinisekisa ukuba bafumana isondlo abayidingayo ukuze bakhule baze bahlume.
Abantu abadala kufuneka baphephe ukunika abantwana abaninzi ukutya okucatshulweyo kunye nokutya okutya okutya okubandakanya i-soda kunye ne-candy. Ukutya oku kungenalo kuphela ukutya okunomsoco kwaye kuqulethe ubuninzi obuninzi beshukela, nabo banokufaka isandla ekuhleni kokuzinyo. Ngelixa abantwana bebonakala besidla ngaphantsi kwaye bengahambi ngokutya ngokulinganayo imihla ngemihla, iingcali zibonisa ukuba akukho nto ingakhathazeki ngayo ngaphandle kokuba umntwana ubonakala engakhula okanye aphuhlise kakuhle.
Ukugatya ukutya ukutya okhethekileyo ekudleni kunokukhathazeka kakhulu, ngakumbi kubazali abakhuliswa kwiintsapho ezilindele ukuba abantwana "badle njalo" kwiiplate zabo. Nangona kunjalo, ukukwazi ukukhetha nokukhetha ukutya kubaluleke kakhulu inxalenye ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yophuhliso. Kule minyaka, abantwana basebenzela ukuseka umqondo wokuzimela, ngoko ke ukubanika inkululeko yokubonisa ukukhetha okutya kubalulekile ekuphuculweni kwengqondo.
Abazali banokuthintela iingxaki zokutya kunye nokuvumela abantwana babo ukuba benze ukutya ngokukhetha ukutya okulungileyo, banike ukutya okuhlukahlukeneyo, banciphise ukutya okutyetyisiweyo okanye okutyhutyhayo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana baqhuba umsebenzi omningi.
Indlela efanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana bayakha imikhwa emihle yokutya kukubeka umzekelo omhle. Oku kusebenza ngokusemgangathweni xa bonke abantu abasendlwini belandela imichimo efanayo kunye neendlela zokutya. Ukugcina ikhitshi kunye nokutya okunomsoco kunye nokutya, ukulungiselela ukutya okunesondlo usebenzisa izithako ezahlukeneyo, nokuhlala uncedo olusebenzayo ekuncediseni abantwana ukuba babe nemikhwa emihle enokuhlala ubomi.
Ezinye iingcebiso zokunceda abantwana badle ukutya okunomsoco:
- Isizathu sokuba abantwana bangayi kuzama ukutya okutya
- Isondlo sabantwana: Ukutya kunye nokuFunda
> Imithombo:
> Berger, KS (2000). Umntu ophuhlisayo: ngokuBantwana kunye noLutsha. IYew York: Abapapashi abafanelekileyo.