Ukuzalwa: Inqanaba lokuqala loPhuhliso

Iintsana zivavanywa njani

Xa umntwana sele efikelele kwixesha elipheleleyo, lixesha lokwenza okokuqala kubonakala kwihlabathi. Kwixesha eliqhelekileyo, ukuzalwa okungenakuyinkimbinkimbi, ubuchopho bomntwana buqala ukubonakalisa ukukhululwa kwamahomoni adlula kwigazi lomama. Ezi hormone zibangela ukuba imisipha yomama ikhulelwe kwaye ikhulule, okokuqala kwindlela yokungaqhelekanga kodwa ngokuthe gqolo ibe yinto ephindaphindiweyo.

Ngethuba le nqanaba lokuqala labasebenzi, le miyalelo ye-uterine iqhubela phambili umntwana, ibeka ingcinezelo kumlomo wesibeleko kwaye ibangela ukuba ihlaziye ize ivule malunga neentimitha eziyi-10 (malunga nee-intshi ezi-4) ukuze kuvumele ukuba intloko yesisu iphume. Inqanaba elilandelayo lixesha elifutshane elibizwa ngokuba ngumtshintsho apho intloko yesana ihamba khona kumngcwabo wokuzalwa.

Ekugqibeleni, kwisigaba sesibini somsebenzi, intloko yesana isithsaba ekuvukeni kwesini. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ngaphantsi kweyure emva kokulila intloko ekugqibeleni iza kuvela ngokupheleleyo. Ekubeni intloko inxalenye enkulu kwinani, umzimba wonke usana luhamba ngokukhawuleza.

Iintsana Zivavanywa njani

Kule mizuzu embalwa yokuqala yomlingo emva kokuzalwa, bobabini abazali banokumangalisa ngokumangalisa kwabo baye bafezekisa kwaye bayamhlonela isidalwa esitsha abasandul 'ehlabathini. Ininzi intsha iqala ukukhala ngokukhawuleza kwaye inkqubo yokujikeleza iqala ukusebenza.

Njengoko i-oksijiti idlula emzimbeni, ulusu lomntwana luya kuphuma ngokukhawuleza luvela kwi-tinge eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuya kwi-pink pink.

Kuba umntu oza unyango oza kuzalwa, loo mizuzu embalwa yobomi yithuba lokuqhuba iimvavanyo ezibalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana usempilweni. Intambo yomlomo iyanqunyulwa, nayiphi na i-muscus isuswe ngokukhawuleza emlonyeni nasemqaleni, kwaye usana lusulwa lulo nawaphi na igazi okanye amanye amanzi.

Ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwenzeka kwiimeko zonyango okanye ukuba umsebenzi wezempilo oqeqeshweyo ukhona, ukusebenza komzimba womntwana kuya kuhlolwa ngokukhawuleza.

Enye yezindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuvavanya iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa ziyaziwa njengezinga le-Apgar, indlela yokukhawuleza nokulula ukwenza indlela yokuvavanya impilo yengane esanda kuzalwa. Amanqaku anqunywe ngokusebenzisa iikhrayitheriya ezinhlanu ezisisiseko ezilinganiselwe kwisikali ukusuka kwi-zero ukuya kwembini. Amanqaku emigangatho nganye isingqungquthela, ngoko ke uphawu lwe-Apgar luyakhula ukusuka kwi-zero ukuya kwi-10. Uyabona umzekelo wezinga le-Apgar kwitheyibhile elingezantsi.

Olu vavanyo lwenziwe ngomzuzu omnye emva kokuzalwa kwaye kwakhona kwemizuzu emihlanu emva kokuzalwa. Ngelixa abantwana bebanamanqaku angaphantsi kwinqanaba elifutshane, abaninzi banokuphucula ngokukhawuleza kwaye banqaku eliphakamileyo kakhulu kumanqaku emizuzu emihlanu. Ukuba, nangona kunjalo, usana luyaqhubeka lulona ngaphantsi kweesisixhenxe kwiminqaku emizuzu emihlanu, ngoko ke uncedo luyadingeka ukuze kuphefumle ngokuqhelekileyo. Laba manqaku angaphantsi kweesine kuvavanyo lwesibini kuthathwa njengongxamisekileyo kwaye banesidingo sokunakekelwa kwonyango ngokukhawuleza ukwenzela ukuthintela uxinzelelo lokuphefumula okanye ukufa. Kwiimeko apho umgca we-Apgar uhlala ngaphantsi kweemithathu phakathi kwe-10 ukuya kwe-30 imizuzu emva kokuzalwa, kukho ingozi eyongeziweyo yokukhubazeka kwexesha elide.

Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba uvavanyo lwe-Apgar lusetyenziswe ukuvumela abaqeqeshi bezempilo ukuba banqume ukuba ingaba umntwana onsana olusanda kuzalwa ufuna uncedo olongezelelweyo lonyango. Kwakungaze kuhloswe ukwenza ubude besikhathi eside malunga nempilo yengomso kunye nophuhliso lomntwana. Abantwana abancinci kakhulu babala i-10 epheleleyo, kodwa abaninzi banakho ukuphatha ubomi ngaphandle kwesibeleko.

Olongezelelweyo NgokuPhuhliswa koPhuhliso

• Amanyathelo okuPhuculwa koPhuhliso lwaBantwana
• Iingxaki Ngophuhliso Lokubeletha
• Ingqwalasela yeNtuthuko yabantwana abaselula

I-Apgar Scale