Ezinye izinto zokuxhatshazwa
Sonke siyazi ukuba i-anti-depressants isetyenziselwa ukuphatha uxinzelelo , kodwa ngaba uyazi ukuba zihlala zichazwe ezinye izifo? Zingasetyenziselwa ukukunceda ulale, uphathe uxhalabe , uyeke ukutshaya, ngenxa yesifo sengqondo somzimba, kunye nezinye zingasetyenziselwa ukunceda iintlobo ezithile zentlungu.
Indlela Abasebenza ngayo
Iingxaki zokuxhatshazwa zibonakala zisebenza kwi-neurotransmitters kwingqondo, iikhemikhali ezithumela iimpembelelo zesibindi phakathi kweeseli zobuchopho, okanye i- neurons .
Kwiimeko ezininzi, amayeza ayenzela ukwandisa inani lee-neurotransmitters kwiqondo eliphakathi kwe-neurons, elibizwa ngokuba yi- synapse, okanye ukugcina le michiza ngokude.
Imbali
I-anti-depressant yokuqala, i-isoniazid, yayisungulwa ngokusesikweni njengonyango lwesifo sofuba, kodwa kwacaca ukuba izigulane ezithathayo zinokuphakama okukhulu. Ngenxa yeepropati zayo ezixhatshazelisayo, yayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1950 ukuphatha uxinzelelo.
I-Iproniazid, enye ivela kwiqela leyeza eyaziwa ngokuthi i- monoamine oxidase inhibitors (i-MAOIs) .Lolu hlobo lwesipilisi lushintsha unyango lokudakumba, kodwa izigulane kufuneka zilandele ukutya okungqongqo ukuphepha kwimiphumo emibi. I-MAOIs isetyenziselwa ukudandatheka xa ezinye iidlwengulululo zingasebenzi.
I-MAOIs ilandelwa yi- tricyclic antidepressants . Eyokuqala kwezi zi yobisi, iTofranil (imipramine), yayisungulwa ngokusesikweni njengonyango olwenzelwe unyango lwe-schizophrenia.
Ihlulekile njengonyango lwe-schizophrenia kodwa lwaphumelela njengoluxinzelelo. I-Tricyclics iphakamisa imizwelo kwaye ikhulisa amandla kwizigulane ezininzi ezixinezelekileyo.
I-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (i-SSRIs) kunye ne- serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (i-SNRIs) yilapha iklasi yakutshanje ye-anti-depressants yokuphuhliswa.
Ezi zonyango ziba neempembelelo ezimbalwa kuneziguqulelo ezidlulileyo kwaye ziyimigca yokuqala yonyango abaqeqeshi bezempilo yengqondo basebenziselwa ukudandatheka kunye nezinye izifo zengqondo.
Ukuxhatshazwa kwezinto zokulala
I-Tricyclic antidepressants ihlala ihlala, ngoko i-tricyclic ezifana ne-Elavil (amitriptyline) kunye ne-Oleptro (i-trazodone) ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa njengamayeza okulala. La mayeza anqunywe ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokulala ngenxa yokuba kufuneka athathwe kwiqondo eliphezulu ukunciphisa uxinezeleko, kodwa umthamo ophantsi uvame ukubangela ubuthongo.
Ukuxhatshazwa kweengxaki zokuxhalabisa
Emva kokudandatheka, i-antidepressants mhlawumbi ixhaphakileyo isetyenziselwa ukuphatha uxhalaba. I-assortment ye-anti-depressants kuwo onke amacandelo sele avunyelwe ukunyanga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhathazeka. Ngokomzekelo, i-Paxil (i-paroxetine), i-SSRI, igunyazisiwe yi-FDA ukuphatha ingxaki yokukhathazeka jikelele, i - OCD) kunye nengxaki yokukhathazeka kwentlalo (SAD). I-Tofranil, i-tricyclic, isetyenziselwa ukuphatha ingxaki yokuphazamiseka, ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki yokuhamba ngengxaki (post-traumatic disorder disorder) (PTSD), kunye neengxaki zokuxhalabisa ngokubanzi (GAD). Lawo onke asebenza ngokufanayo nendlela asebenza ngayo ukudandatheka, ngokutshintsha umsebenzi weengqondo ze-brain.
Iingxaki zokuxhatshaza ukuyeka ukubhema
I-anti-depressant ebizwa ngokuba yi-Wellbutrin (bupropion), ibuye ithengiswe njengeZyban, ivunyiwe yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ukunceda abantu bayeke ukutshaya.
Nangona ayengaziwa ngokuchanekileyo indlela iZyban anceda ngayo, esinye isizathu sinokuthi abanye abantu bashunqise ukujongana nokuxhalaba kwabo kunye neZyban kuya kunciphisa ukuxhalabisa.
I-AntiSpressants ye-IBS
I-Tricyclic anti-depressants, ngokukodwa, iboniswe ukunceda ukukhulula iimpawu zesifo sofuba esiswini (IBS). Basebenza ngokunciphisa intlungu kwisisu kunye nesondlo sesisu.
Ukuxhatshazwa Kwintlungu
Nangona xa ukudandatheka kungabonakali, izidloviso zisoloko zisetyenziselwa ubuhlungu obungapheliyo obangelwa zizimo ezinjenge-arthritis, intlungu emva, i-fibromyalgia, intlungu yesibindi, i-migraines, intlungu yesifo kunye nobuhlungu be-pelvic.
Akukho mntu uyazi kakuhle ukuba kutheni uncedo lokulwa neengcinezelo ezikhuselekileyo, kodwa kubonakala ngathi ngokutshintsha indlela i-neurotransmitters esebenza ngayo engqondweni, oku kunokunciphisa intlungu yesifo. Uncedo lunokuthatha iiveki ezimbalwa, nangona kunjalo.
Imithombo:
Chaitra T. Ramachandraih, Narayana Subramanyam, et. al., "I-Anti-depressants: Ukusuka kwi-MAOIs ukuya kwi-SSRI kunye no-More." I-Indian Journal ye-Psychiatry 53 (2), (2011).
"Amachiza." Ukuxhalabisa kunye nokuPhukisa uMbutho weMelika (2016).
"I-FDA 101: Imveliso yokuCima ukuTsha." US Administration and Drug Administration (2015).
Xie C., Tang Y., Wayng Y., et. al., "Ukusebenza kunye noKhuselo lwabantu abaxhatshazwayo kwi-Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Uhlalutyo lwe-Meta." PLOS One (2015).
"I-Anti-depressants: Esinye isixhobo sokulwa nentlungu engapheliyo." IMayo Clinic (ngo-2013).