Yintoni i-smoke-hand smoke?
I-Thirdhand yomsi (iTS) yixesha eliqale laqulunqwa oogqirha eMassachusetts General Hospital kubantwana. Ngokubhekiselele ekuchazeni iingozi ezinxulumene neengxube ezisele ezishiywe emva kwimihlaba emva kokuba umsi kunye nomsi womsi wesibindi usususwe ngaphandle kwegumbi, ngoku siqonda ngoku ngakumbi malunga nokwakhiwa kwe-THS ehlala emoyeni, ngokunjalo.
Yintoni i-Thirdhand smoke?
Ngaba uke wahlala kumgca wokukhangela kwaye waziwa ukuba umntu otshaya kufuphi, nangona kungekho mntu wayebhema naphi na?
Okanye mhlawumbi uye wangena kwigumbi elincinci ngephunga lokubhema umsi wecuba, nangona bekungekho umsi obonakalayo kwigumbi?
Okanye, xa umntu etshaya endlwini yakho okanye emotweni, yintoni malunga nale gunk ephuzi uhlambulula kwiifestile?
Yonke imimiselo yento eyaziwa ngokuba yi-THS, umxube onobungozi weegesi kunye neengqungqwana ezincinci ezihlala emoyeni emva kweeyure emva kokubhema i-cigarette, kwaye zifakwe kuwo wonke umhlaba abadibana nazo.
Ukusuka emoyeni, kwiinwele, kwiingubo, kwiindawo zokulala, ifenitshala, iipatethi, iindawo zeetafile kunye nemidlalo, akukho nto inokukhululeka ukungcola ukuba igumbi okanye enye indawo evaliweyo (njengothuthi) apho i-cigarettes iqhuma khona.
Okokuqala, i-Second and Thirdhand smoke
Ngoko, yintoni umehluko phakathi kokutshaya komsi, ukutshaya umsi kunye nomsi wesithathu?
Umsi wokuqala ngumsi wesigaretha ukuba umntu otshaya angena emiphakeni yakhe xa ekhupha i-cigarette.
Umsi wesibini udibanisa umsi womsi womlilo kunye nomsi okhwela emoyeni ukususela ekupheleni kwesigarethi esivuthayo.
Umsi wesithathu ungabhulwa kwiindawo ezintathu ezihlukeneyo:
1. Iigesi kunye neengqungqutyana ezincinci ezimiselwe iiyure zomoya kumagumbi okanye ezinye izithuba ezivaliweyo (umsi womsi wesibini).
2. Iincinci ezincinci ezizinzileyo ezihlala kunye nokunamathela kwiindawo ezikuloo ndawo.
3. Iibhoksi kwiindawo kunye nasemoyeni odibanisa nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo zangaphakathi, ukudala iindidi zamakhemikhali ezintsha okanye iindlela eziyingozi zeekhemikhali kwenkqubo.
I-Thirdhand Mosi emoyeni
Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zafumanisa ukuba ukutshaya komsi wesibhedlele ukuxhoma emoyeni kwendawo edibeneyo iguquka ngokuhamba kwexesha ngeendlela ezingalindelekanga.
Nangona ininzi yeengqungquthela ezinamandla kwi-THS ziwela kwindawo engama-20 imizuzu, ezinye izinto eziqinile zihlala emoyeni kwaye ziyakuthatyathwa kwimiphunga.
Ukongezelela, amanqanaba eekhemikhali ezithile zomsi womsi wesininzi ngokunyuka ukwandisa ixesha njengoko uguqulelo lomsi ku-THS, ukwenza umoya ophefumulayo kwigumbi eliyingozi.
Iimakhemikhali ezintathu eziyingozi zolu hlobo eziye zafunyanwa zi-acrolein, methacrolein kunye ne-acrylonitrile. Iibini zokuqala ziphefumula kunye neyaso isohlwayo, kwaye okwesithathu, isakhi esinokutsha esinokutsha.
I-Thirdhand Smoke kwi-Surfaces
I-Nicotine kunye nezinye iicekisi ezisuka kumsi wocuba zibeka yonke into edibana nayo. Okubi nakakhulu, ezinye zezo khemikhali ziguqulwa xa zidibene nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo zangaphakathi.
Ngokomzekelo, xa i-nicotine ithatha i-nitrous acid kwiindawo zangaphakathi, idala ii- TSNAs , iqela lamakhemikhali aphezulu kakhulu.
Iikhemikhali ezivela kwi-THS zihlala kwimeko eninzi ixesha elide. Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba amagumbi aphengelwayo ukugcina ii-THS ngothuli kunye nakwiindawo ezide emva kokutshaya. Kuze kuqhubeke emva kokucoca nokulungiswa.
Iimvumba zeMichiza eziphakanyiswayo
Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba ezinye ze-THS ezibekwe phezu kweendawo zikwazi ukukhupha i-gas, oku kuthetha ukuba i-chemical fumes ikhutshwa kwakhona emoyeni evela kwiintlobo ezinamandla kuloo ndawo.
Ezinye izingozi ezinxulumene nomsi wesithathu
Izazinzulu ziye zafunda ukuba xa i-ozone idibanisa ne-nicotine eseleyo emoyeni nasemacaleni, iguqula ibe yi-particle e-ultra-fine which can be inhaled deep into the lungs.
Ezi zincinci zinokuba nzima ukuba umzimba uphuphe kwaye ungabangela iingxaki ezongezelelekileyo zokuphefumula kwabagulayo be-asthma.
Ingozi yeThuthi yeThuthi yabantwana
Ukuwa kweekhemikhali ezihlala kwiindawo ezisuka kwiigesi kunye neengqungqwana ezincinci kumsi we-cigarette akulungile ukuba nabani na oza kubonakala kuyo, kodwa kubangelwa kakhulu kubantwana abancinci. Ziyakwazi kakhulu ukuzondla izixhepha ezingabonakaliyo xa uthinta ifenitshala, iiplanga kunye nemidlalo, kuba zibeka iminwe yabo (kunye neetys, njl.) Emilonyeni yabo rhoqo.
Kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba i-THS emoyeni yingozi enkulu kubantwana kunye nabantwana abancinci, kuba izinga labo lokuphefumula likhawuleza. Oku kubangele ukuba bafake i-toxins engaphezulu kwixesha elifanayo njengomntu omdala onokuphucula.
Ngaphantsi
Siyazi ixesha elide ukuba umsi wecuba uyingcipheko yokuphefumula. Ngoku siyazi ukuba ukutshaya umsi wokuhlala, uhlalutye kwaye uguqule ube ngamanye amakhemikhali ayingozi eyaziwayo njengomsi wesithathu.
Kubalulekile kwimpilo yakho kunye nalabo unomdla ukukhusela indawo zangaphakathi apho ukutshaya kuvunyelwe. Ukuba utshaya intsapho yakho, misela umda oqinileyo ngokubhema ngaphandle.
Ezinye iiKhemikhali kwiiCigarettes
Abaphandi baye bafumanisa phezulu ama-7000 ahlukeneyo ekhemikteni, okubandakanya i-gaseyi engama-250, i-70 carcinogens kunye neeninzi ezinzima, ezinobuncwane.
Yenza inxalenye yakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana abahluphekanga kwiingozi zempilo ezibangelwa ukutshaya ugwayi. Vimbela ukutshaya ekhaya kunye nemoto, kwaye ukuba ubhema, shiya ngoku
Imithombo:
Izibambiso ezingabonakaliyo zomsila wokuThengwa koTywala: Ukuchaneka kweMichiza kunye neMpembelelo yezeMpilo. INzululwazi kunye neThekhnoloji yendalo Ufikelele kuSeptemba, 2015.
Ukuqulunqwa kwee-carcinogens ngaphakathi kwindlu ngokuphendula ngokuphambi kwe-nicotine kunye ne-nitrous acid, ekhokelela kwiingozi zomshukela wesithathu. AmaZiko eZiko lezeMpilo. ILayibrari yeSizwe ka-US yamayeza. Ufikelele kuSeptemba, 2015.
Umsi wesithathu-Isandla: Esinye isizathu sokuyeka ukutshaya. 29 Disemba, 2008. I-EurekAlert - i-American Associateion yoPhuhliso lweNzululwazi (AAAS).
I-Thirdhand Moshi ichongwe njengamandla, ikhuthaze i-carcinogen. IWiley Online Library. Ufikelele kuSeptemba, 2015.
Xa ababhemayo bephuma kunye nabangabhemi bahamba kulo: ukuhlaliswa komnxeba wesithathu kunye nokuchayeka. . AmaZiko eZiko lezeMpilo. ILayibrari yeSizwe ka-US yamayeza. Ufikelele kuSeptemba, 2015.
Isifundo seBerkeley sibonisa i-ozone kunye ne-nicotine ukudibanisa kakubi kwisifo se-asthma. IYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley. Ufikelele kuSeptemba, 2015.
Umsi womsi wesithathu: Utyholongo obunobungozi obunobungozi obunobuninzi bomhlaba obude emva kokuba umsi ucoce. IYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley. Ufikelele kuSeptemba, 2015.