Ngokufunda ubukhulu be-schizophrenia kumaqela ahlukeneyo abantu, usebenzisa isayensi ebizwa ngokuba yi-epidemiology, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa izinto ezinobungozi bokuphuhlisa i-schizophrenia. Olu lwazi lunike izikhokelo zokukhokela uphando kwizinto ezibangela i-schizophrenia .
Ukuthabatha bonke abantu, ngaphantsi kwe-1% yabemi (0.8% ngokwe-National Comorbidity Study) ine-schizophrenia.
Oku kufikelela kubantu abayizigidi ezi-2.2 e-United States kuphela.
Akunjalo wonke umntu unengxaki efanayo yokuphuhlisa i-schizophrenia, nangona kunjalo. Kwimiba ebalulekileyo yengozi ekuphuhliseni i-schizophrenia enxulumene namalungu entsapho. Esi sizathu sokuba izazinzulu ngoku zikholelwa ukuba i-genetics yinto ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni i-schizophrenia.
Izinto Zengozi Zentsapho
- Ukuba nesihlobo esithile sokuqala esinjengomzalwana okanye udade onesi-schizophrenia sikhupha umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-schizophrenia malunga ne-10%. Oku kuyinyaniso nokuba ngaba umntakwenu ungumzalwana ongekho (ongafani).
- Ukuba nomzali omnye kunye ne-schizophrenia kuphakamisa umngcipheko we-schizophrenia nge-13%. Oku kuyinyani na phakathi kwabantwana abaye bamkelwa ebuntwaneni.
- Ukuba newele efana ne-schizophrenia iphakamisa umngcipheko wakho malunga nama-50%.
- Ukuba bobabini abazali bane-schizophrenia ingozi yakho yonke yokuphuhlisa i-schizophrenia ngu-36%.
Izinto ezingengobomi beeNtsapho
Abaphandi baye bafumanisa iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobungozi kunye nezinto ezinciphisa umngcipheko ezinxulumene nobukhulu be-schizophrenia phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo abantu. Imizekelo emibini engezansi:
- Ukuhlala kwisixeko esinabantu abaninzi . Abantu abazalelwe okanye abakhuliswa kwiindawo ezisemadolophini ezininzi banokuthi bavelise i-schizophrenia kunabantu abavela kwilizwe.
- Ukuba i-Afrika yaseMelika bekuye kwacingwa ukuba yingozi ngenxa yokuba ama-America ase-Afrika anamaxesha angama-1.5 ngaphezu kwamhlophe aseMerika ukuphuhlisa i-schizophrenia. Nangona kunjalo, eso siphumo siphumo ngenxa yamanani amaninzi ase-Afrika aseMelika ahlala kwiidolophu kwaye ayinyaniso xa kuphela abantu abahlala kweli lizwe baqwalaselwa.
- Abantu baseMelika baseMerika bangenakukwazi ukuhlakulela i-schizophrenia. Abemi baseSpain baseLos Angeles babenesiqingatha esicinga ukuba babe ne-schizophrenia njengabantu abangahlali baseSpeyin. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba abantu baseSpeyin banamaqela amaninzi, ngoko ke akucaci ukuba isiphumo sinye yenkcubeko okanye i-genetics.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kokuqala komntwana kwindlala . Abantwana basetyhini abafumana indlala kwinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa baye baboniswa ukuba banokukwazi ukuphucula i-schizophrenia.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le miba ingozi, ngokwayo, ibonisa isizathu schizophrenia. Kunoko, izazinzulu zifuna ukungafani phakathi kwala maqela abantu abangachazela isizathu sokuba babe namazinga ahlukeneyo engozi.
Ukuxinezeleka kunye neSchizophrenia
Ingcinezelo ayikholelwa ukuba iyingozi yokuphuhlisa i-schizophrenia, nangona inkolelo ephosakeleyo ngokuqhelekileyo abantu abavela kwiintsapho ezixhaphazayo okanye abantwana abasengozini abasenakukwazi ukuhlakulela i-schizophrenia kunezo ezivela kubantwana abasemgangathweni xa ezinye izinto zengozi zithathwa akhawunti.
Kutheni abantu bakholelwa ukuba uxinzelelo lwabantwana lubangela i-schizophrenia? Ukuba nabazali be-schizophrenic, okanye bahlala kwisixeko esingaphakathi, esichengeni, kubangela ukuba abantwana babandezeleke. Kwakhona, ngexesha lesiganeko sokugula, ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu eziphefumlelweyo ziphuhlise, ubomi babantu bavame ukuba buhlungu kakhulu, ubudlelwane obuphazamisekile, imisebenzi elahlekileyo. Ezi ziganeko zibonakala kamva ziye zafaka isandla ekuguleni, kodwa ngokwenene zibonakaliso zezifo eziza kuqhubeka.
Abantu abaninzi abane-schizophrenia babenomngcipheko okanye baxhaphaze abantwana. Aba bantu bafumana ubunzima obubi ngenxa yokuba bengenakukwazi ukuphuhlisa izibonelelo kunye nenkxaso yeenkqubo ezingabancedisa ukujamelana nokugula.
Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abane-schizophrenia bevela emakhaya, enothando, nabancedisayo. Akufanelekanga ukugxeka aba bazali abanothando ngenxa yokugula abantwana babo. Ukwenza oku kuncedisa kwisicatshulwa esichazela abantu ukuba babe neentloni kwaye besoyika ukuxilongwa kwe-schizophrenia.
Imithombo:
> Uphando lweSizwe loLwabiwo. Uhlolo lweNgcaciso kaZwelonke. I-Harvard School of Medicine, 2005.
> I-Schizophrenia: incwadana enemifanekiso echaza impawu, izizathu, kunye neyeza, ngolwazi malunga nokufumana uncedo kunye nokuhlangabezana. Iziko zeSizwe zeMpilo yengqondo. (2006). https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/schizophrenia-booklet/index.shtml.
> Torrey, EF Ukusinda kweSchizophrenia: Umqulu weeNtsapho, > Izigulane > kunye nabanikezeli, i-5 Edition. INew York: Abapapashi baHarperCollins, ngo-2006.