Iimiphumo eziqhelekileyo, izibonakaliso kunye nemiba
Ekuqaleni kwee-1990, iiklasi elitsha lamachiza laphuhliswa ukunyanga iimpawu zesifo se- schizophrenia . Iziyobisi, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-antipyychotics ye-atypical, zivakala ngokugqithiseleyo njengezizukulwana zangaphambilini zi -antipsychotics kodwa zincinci ye-extrapyramidal side effects (kubandakanywa izibilini, ukuxubha, ukunyaniseka, i-tics, kunye nokuxinwa).
Abilify (Aripiprazole)
I-Abilify (aripiprazole) ifumane imvume evela kwi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ngo-2003 ukuze isebenziswe kunyango lwe-schizophrenia kunye ne- bipolar disorder . Kwakhona ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa ukuphatha uxinzelelo olukhulu, ukukhathazeka okugqithiseleyo (OCD) , kunye nokucasula okuhambisana ne-autism.
Umlinganiselo osemgangathweni omdala umlinganiselo wee-10 ukuya kwi-15 milligrams ngosuku. Nangona i-milligram ezingama-30 ingaqulunqwa imihla ngemihla, i-dosage ephezulu ayizange iboniswe ukuba inikeze iziphumo ezingcono. I-Abilify ayifanele isetyenziswe ukuphatha i-schizophrenia kubantwana abangaphantsi kwe-13 okanye ukunyangwa kweengxaki ze-bipolar kwabantwana abangaphantsi kwe-10.
Imiphumo emibi ibandakanya inzuzo yesisindo, intloko, ukukhathazeka, ukuxhalaba, ukulala, ukukhwabanisa, ukunqandwa, kunye nobunzima.
Kaninzi
Risperdal (Risperidone)
U-Risperdal (risperidone) ufumene imvume yakhe ye-FDA ngo-1994 kwaye isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekuphatheni i-schizophrenia, i-bipolar disorder, kunye nokucasula okuhambisana ne-autism.
Umyinge omdala uphakathi kwama-milligram emibili ngemini, ngelixa abantwana banikwa i-0.5 milligrams imihla ngemihla. I-Risperdal ayifanele isetyenziswe ekuphatheni i-schizophrenia kubantwana abangaphantsi kwe-13, ukuphatha ingxaki ye-bipolar kwabantwana abangaphantsi kwe-10, okanye ukunyanzelisa abantwana abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-5.
Imiphumo emibi ibandakanya ukungcola, isisulu, isambiso, ukuhlanza, ukunyanzelisa. Nangona kunemiphumo engaphantsi kwemihla kunezinye i-antipsychotics ezinama-atypical, ithambe ukuba ibe nemiphumo engaphezulu ye-extrapyramidal kunezinye iziyobisi.
Kaninzi
Zyprexa (Olanzapine)
I-Zyprexa (olanzapine) yavunywa yi-FDA ngo-1996 ukuze isebenziswe kunyango lwe-schizophrenia kunye ne-bipolar disorder.
Umthamo omdala oqhelekileyo uphakathi kwama-10 ne-15 milligram ngosuku. Akufanele kubekwe kumaxabiso angaphezulu kwama-20 milligrams imihla ngemihla. Umthamo we-teenage uphakathi kwama-2.5 ukuya kwi-10 milligrams ngosuku. UZyprexa akufanele unikwe abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-13.
Iziphumo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zeZyprexa zifumana inzuzo yesisindo kunye nokwanda kweeshukela zegazi kunye namazinga e-lipid (ukwandisa umngcipheko wokukhuseleka kwe-insulin kunye nesifo sikashukela). Ngokwahlukileyo, isilwanyana sinomlinganiselo ongaphantsi weemoto ezichaphazelekayo kunamanye ama-antipsychotics atypical.
Kaninzi
Seroquel (Quetiapine)
I-Seroquel (quetiapine) yamkela imvume ye-FDA ngo-1997 ukuze isebenziswe kwindlela yokwelapha i-schizophrenia, i-bipolar disorder, kunye ne-disorder disorder.
I-Seroquel ibhalwa ngokukhawuleza kwimiba yesuku ephakathi kwama-400 ne-800 milligram (okanye ngaphezulu kubantu abanesifo esinganyangekiyo). Njengamanye ama-antipsychotics angama-atypical, uSeroquel akufanele asetyenziswe ukuphatha i-schizophrenia kubantwana abangaphantsi kwe-13 okanye ukuphatha ingxaki yokuguquguquka kwe-bipolar kwabantwana abangaphantsi kwe-10.
I-Seroquel ineziganeko eziphantsi zemiphumo yemigodi. Nangona igalelo elichaphazelekayo lingabandakanya inzuzo yesisindo kunye neshukela ephezulu yegazi, ngokuqhelekileyo kuncinci kunokuba noZyprexa okanye Clozaril. Ezinye iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo ziquka ukulungiswa ixesha elide kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi xa limi.
Kaninzi
Geodon (iZiprasidone)
I-Geodon (ziprasidone) yamkela imvume ye-FDA ngo-2001 kwaye isetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-schizophrenia kunye nokuba yi- manic okanye isixube esixubileyo se -bipolar disorder. Ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa iileyibhile ukuze baphathe i- post-traumatic disorder stress (PTSD) kunye nokudakumba okukhulu.
Umlinganiselo osemgangathweni omdala uphakathi kwama-80 ne-160 milligram ngosuku. Ukuqulunqwa kweentramuscular kuyafumaneka kwakhona ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwi-schizophrenia. I-Geodon akufanele isetyenziswe kwabantwana abangaphantsi kwe-10.
I-FDA ikhishwe isilumkiso sebhokisi emnyama ekucebiseni ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuye kwadibaniswa nobungozi bokufa kwabantu asebekhulile abaneengqondo. Ngoxa uGeodon engenakunceda ukuba uzuze ubunzima okanye iimpawu ze-extrapyramidal, kunokubangela i-cardiac arrhythmia (ukubetha kwentliziyo engaqhelekanga), ukuxakeka, kunye nokuwa kwegazi xa uxhomekile.
Kaninzi
Clozaril (Clozapine)
I-Clozaril (clozapine) yayiyi-antipsychotics yokuqala ye-antipyychotics yokufumana imvume ye-FDA ngo-1990 kwaye ihlala iyona nto ingundoqo yabantu abanonophelo abane-schizophrenia enganyangekiyo. Nangona kubonakala kusebenza kubantu abanokuziphatha ngokuzibulala , ziza neempembelelo ezinobungozi.
Umlinganiselo osemgangathweni omdala uphakathi kwama-milligram engama-300 no-700 ngosuku. Akukhuthazwa kubantu abangaphantsi kwe-18.
Ezinye zeempembelelo zeClozaril zinzulu kwaye zinokubulala. Inxulumene nomngcipheko ophezulu weeseli zegazi ezimhlophe ezingabangela ukufa. Akufanele isetyenziswe kubantu asebekhulile abaneengqondo. I-myocarditis enxulumene neziyobisi (ukuvutha kwentliziyo) iye yaziwa ngokuba yenzekile kwaye ingaba yingozi.
Ezinye iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo ziquka ukufumana isisindo, ukuzinya, ukuqina komzimba, ukulala, ukulala kwebhedlele, ukulala kwebusuku, kunye neshukela ephezulu yegazi. Abantu baseClozaril bafuna ukulandelelaniswa rhoqo kunye nokunyamekela kwezokwelapha ukubeka uphuhliso lwaluphina umphumo.
> Imithombo:
> Crossley, N. kunye neConstante, M. "Ukusebenza kwe-atypical v. I-antipsychotics ngokuqhelekileyo kunyango lokuqala lwe-psychosis: meta-analysis." Br J Psych. 2010: 196 (6): 434-439.
> Maher, A .; Maglione, M .; kunye ne-Bagley, S. "Ukusebenza kunye nokuPhathelene nokuPhatheka kweMicrosoft Antipsychotic Medication ye-Out-Label Uses kwiZiko eziPhambili: UkuHlola okuHlolo kunye nokuhlaziywa kweMeta." JAMA. 2011; 306 (12): 1359-1369.
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