Ukusuka ekungahambisani nokungahambi kakuhle
Abanye bathi ingcinga yinto ebangela ukuba sibe ngabantu. Ngomqondo othize, ukucinga kubhekisela kumandla omntu okwenza izigqibo nokulungisa iingxaki. Ngomqondo obanzi, ukucinga kubhekisela kumava onke okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwengqondo yomntu. Oku kubandakanya iingcinga kodwa iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo, iinkumbulo kunye neengcamango, eziyizona zibhloko zokwakha zokucinga "umsebenzi." Ukucinga ngokucetyiswayo kubonisa ukuba isakhiwo sokucinga sithintela ulwalamano kunye nehlabathi ngaphandle.
Umxholo wokuCinga kunye neMeko yokucinga
Ukucinga akude kube yinto elula, esicatshulwa kwezi zixhobo. Enyanisweni, ukucinga yinkqubo edibanisa zonke "iibhloko zokucinga" ezingafaniyo ngendlela eqondakalayo kubo bobabini kunye nehlabathi. Nangona kubalulekile, iibhloko zokwakha ezinengqiqo ayaneleyo ukwenza "ukucinga okuvakalayo," oku kuthetha ukuba iibhloko zokucinga zihambelana ngendlela ehlelekile, ngokuqhelekileyo zichazwa ziimpawu ezifana "ezinengqiqo" kunye "nenjongo ejoliswe kuyo."
Kube nengqiqo ukuzama ukuqonda ukucinga ngeendlela ezimbini:
- Umxholo wokucinga
- Inkqubo yokucinga
Amanye amaqaku achaza ingcamango engafanelekanga kwi-schizophrenia, ngokuqhelekileyo iquka iingcamango ezingaqhelekanga zengqondo, ezifana neengcamango eziphicothiweyo (izandi zokuvakala kunye neengxolo ezingaxhomekeke enyanisweni), okanye ukukhohlisa (ukuchithwa, ukulungelelanisa, ukulungelelanisa izinto ezichasene nazo nge nyaniso).
Eli nqaku lijolise kwinkqubo yokucinga engafanelekanga kwi-schizophrenia.
Iyintoni Inkqubo Yokucinga?
Inkqubo yokucinga ibhekisela kwindlela yokwakha izitena zokucinga (iingcinga, iimvakalelo / iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo-kuquka ukuziva, iinkumbulo kunye neengcamango) zidibana. Ukususela kwindlela yokucinga eqhelekileyo inengqiqo, idibeneyo kunye nenjongo ejoliswe kuyo.
Ukubeka nje, kuqondakala. Ngelishwa, oku kuqhelekanga kudibana nezigulane ezinobomi be-schizophrenia. Enyanisweni, i-schizophrenia idla ngokubizwa ngokuthi "ngengxaki yokucinga ngengqondo" ngenxa yokuba ukuphazamiseka okanye ukucinga okungenangqiqo ngenye yeempawu zayo eziqhelekileyo.
Ukuphazamiseka, ukuCinga okuNqabileyo, kunye noTangential Thinking
Kwezinye izigulane isantya "sokucinga okuphazamisekileyo" sinobubele obangela ukuphazamiseka:
"Emva koko ndashiya iSan Francisco ndaza nda ... ndawaphi na loo nto?" (Andreasen 1986).
Ngaphandle koko, udibaniso olunokuthi lube lukhulu, lukhokelela ekucingeni ukuba iingcamango zomntu ziya kwiidolo ngaphambi kokuba ekugqibeleni zifike kwinqanaba, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba nengqiqo. U-Andreasen unikela umzekelo wesigulane, ngubani ekuphenduleni ukubuza esithi "Liliphi igama lakho?" Lathi:
"Ewe, ngamanye amaxesha xa abantu bandibuza ndifanele ndicinge malunga nokuba ngaba andiyi kuphendula ngenxa yokuba abanye abantu bacinga ukuba igama elingavumelekanga nangona andiyiyo kuba umama wam unike yona kwaye ndicinga ukuba utata wam uncedisa kodwa lihle igama njengalowo naluvo lwam kodwa ke ngu Tom "(Andreasen 1986).
Iingcamango ezixhatshazwayo ngokufanelekileyo ziquka ukucinga okubonakalayo, kubonwe ukuba iingcamango ziqhubeka zixhulumene, kodwa ngendlela engathandabuzekiyo:
"Ndiyadumala gqitha njengoko ndilinde kumgca kwivenkile. Andikwazi ukuma imigca. Ukulindela nokulinda. Ndalinde ixesha elide ukuba ndifumane ilayisenisi yamatshini. Ukuqhuba ezi ntsuku nje kukuphosa. "
UkuDerailment, Associations Associates, kunye neClang Associations
Kwiimeko zeengcamango eziphazamiseka kakhulu, iingcamango zilahlekelwa phantse zonke iinkcukacha, zidibanisa kwaye zidibaniswe, zikhokelela ekugqibeleni oogqirha ababiza i- diserailment okanye i-association associations . Iimigaqo zichaza ngokucacileyo: Inkqubo yokucinga ihlala ichithwa, ibonakaliswe yimibutho ebuthakathaka okanye ehlukileyo:
"Ndihlala ndiyithanda i-geography. Utitshala wam wokugqibela kweso sifundo nguNjingalwazi uAgasti A. Wayeyindoda enamehlo amnyama, ndiyakuthanda amehlo amnyama." Kwakhona amehlo anesibhakabhaka namagrey kunye nezinye iintlobo ... "(Bleuler 1911/1950 ).
Umcimbi othize wemibutho evulekile xa umntu edibanisa iingcamango ezingahambelani ngokusekelwe kwintetho yabo, isenzo sokungaqhelekanga esichazwa njengezinkampani ze- clang . Ngamanye amaxesha, amagama ayenziwe okanye i- neologisms zihlala zikhona:
"Ndandithukuthele kangangokuba ndathabatha isidlo ndaza ndiphonsa kwi- geshinker ." (Andreasen 1986)
Ukungahambi
Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, isakhiwo samagama kuphela sigcinwa kodwa akukho ukudibanisa okucacileyo phakathi kwamagama. Akunakwenzeka ukuqonda ukucinga komntu; Olu hlobo lwenkqubo yengcamango ebizwa ngokuba yi- incoherence okanye i- salad yegama :
Kulo mbuzo "Kutheni abantu badibanisa iinwele zabo?" U-Andreasen uxela ukuba isigulane sathi:
"Ngenxa yokuba yenza i-twirl ebomini, ibhokisi yam yaphukile yandinceda indlovu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. (Andreasen 1986)
Kwi-schizophrenia, ukucinga okungahambi kakuhle kuyabalwa njengenye yezimpawu ezilungileyo .
Nangona ezinye iinkathazo zenkqubo yokucinga ezibonakalayo kubantu abaninzi abane-schizophrenia, ukucinga ngengxaki kubonakala nakwabanye abaneengxaki zeengqondo, ngokugqithiseleyo abantu abane-autism enzima, i-mania enzima kunye nokuxinezeleka okukhulu.
> Imithombo:
> Andreasen NC. Ukucinga, ulwimi, kunye neengxaki zokunxibelelana. I. Uvavanyo lweZiklinikhi, Inkcazo yeMigqaliselo, kunye nokuVavanyo koKhemba kwabo. IiNgcaciso Zengqolowa-Jikelele Yeengqondo 1979; 36 (12): 1315-21. PMID 496551.
> Bleuler, E. E. 1911 / 1950. Ukufuna i-Praecox, okanye iqela le-Schizophrenias. ENew York: IiYunivesithi zamazwe ngamazwe Cindezela.