I-Neurotransmitters yiMithunywa yeBrain

Uthatha iPzac, kwaye uyivile uyichazwe njenge-SSRI. Mhlawumbi uyazi ukuba i-SSRI imele i-serotonin ekhethiweyo i-inhibitor. Kodwa loo nto imlomo - ithetha ntoni?

1 - Isingeniso kuma-Neurotransmitters kunye nee-SSRI

Imigomo efana ne-serotonin ekhethiweyo i-inhibitor , i- monoamine oxidase inhibitor , kunye ne-serotonin norepinephrine i-reuptake inhibitor yonke ichaza indlela imithi ethile isebenza ngayo. Ezi zintathu zigqityiweyo njenge-SSRI, i-MAOI, kunye ne-SNRI, kwaye zonke iindidi ze-anti-depressants.

Ukuze wenze ingqiqo nayiphi na le nto, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda into malunga nendlela iimpembelelo ezigqithiselwa ngayo kwiimbilini enye ukuya kutsho ekubeni imithi enjenge- mood stabilizers , i-anti-depressants, kunye ne-antipsychotics zichaphazela le nkqubo ukuzisa utshintsho.

Kule nqaku, ndiya kunika inkcazo elula malunga nendlela izithuthi zengqondo zengqondo (i- neurotransmitters ) zisebenza ngayo kwaye zizama ukucacisa inkqubo ngokuxelela ibali eliboniswayo "i-GABAs kwi-Move."

Qaphela: Ezinye izidandlululo kunye neentlobo zonyango lweengqondo zineenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo ezingabonakalisa ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali (umzekelo, i- tricyclic antidepressants ), yintoni abayisebenzisayo (i-anticonvulsants) okanye idibaniso yezinto ( eziqhelekileyo kunye ne- antipsychotics, , ngokulandelanayo, amayeza amdala kunye amasha aphatha ngengqondo .

2 - Ama-neurotransmitters

Kukho iindidi ze-neurotransmitters, kodwa ezo zihambelana nokukhathazeka kwemizwelo efana ne-bipolar disorder yiyo:

• I- monoamines- serotonin , i- norepinephrin , ne- dopamine
• IGABA (gamma amino butyric acid)
• Glutamate

Ezinye i-neurotransmitters ziquka i- acetylcholine , ehambisa imiyalelo kwimisipha; kunye ne-histamine, enento eninzi yokuyenza ngokunyamezela, ummiselo wesondlo, inzuzo yesisindo (kulawo mayeza athile) kunye nomgangatho wobuthongo.

Xa umyalezo ungena kwesinye isiphelo seselingo senzwa, umfutho wombane uhamba "umsila" weeseli (axon) kwaye ubangela ukukhululwa kwe-neurotransmitter efanelekileyo. Iimleksi ze-neurotransmitter zithunyelwa kwisithuba esincinane phakathi kweeseli zentsholongwane, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-synaptic cleft. Kukho, enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo ziyakwenzeka kwi-molecule ngayinye:

1. Ingabophela (fakamshela) kwiimvume ze-cell cell, esithumela umyalezo, ushiye i-receptor, uphinde uphinde le nqubo okanye uqhubeke kwenye yamanye amanyathelo.
2. Inokuthi ixhomeke kwi-synapse ide ifike i-receptor, ibophe kuyo, ikhulule kwaye iqhubeke ngamanyathelo 1 ukuya ku-3 de kube umsebenzi wayo uphele ngamanyathelo 4, 5 okanye 6.
3. Ingabophela kwi-autoreceptors yeseli yokuqala, exelela ukuba iseli ayiyikukhulula nayiphi na i-molecule ye-neurotransmitter, kwaye ushiye umlawuli we-autoreceptor kwaye uqhubeke uzama ukubopha kwakhona kwindawo ethile kude kube yinto yokuphela komsebenzi wayo isinyathelo 4, 5 okanye 6.
4. Inokuthi ingenziwa ingasebenzi nge-enzyme.
5. Inokuphinda ibuyiselwe yiseli yokuqala kwi-"reuptake" inkqubo, iphinde iphinde isetshenziswe ukuze isebenzise kamva okanye ingasebenzi.
6. Ingasasazeka kwi-synapse ize ikhutshwe kwenye indawo.

Musa ukukhutshwa phantsi kwesi sigama apha.

3 - Kutheni i-Neurotransmitters ingabi sebenzi

Ngoku, izinto ezininzi zinokungahambi kakuhle ngale nkqubo ukuba akuyiyo into emangalisayo yokukhathazeka kwemizwelo. Umzekelo:

• Iisensi zeentsimbi (i-neurons) kungenzeka ukuba zingenzi izinto ezaneleyo ze-neurotransmitter.
• Uninzi lwee-molecule ze-neurotransmitter zinganqunyulwa okanye zingasebenzi nge-enzyme.
• Uninzi lwe-neurotransmitter linokukhutshwa.
• Iimlekyuli zinokubuyiselwa kwakhona ngokukhawuleza ngabafaki abathungelayo.
• Iimoto-mvume ziyakwenziwa ngokukhawuleza, zivale ukukhutshwa kwee-molecule ze-neurotransmitter kungekudala.

Iziteshi ezithonyelwa ngamaqhekeza aphantsi kombane, njenge potassium, i-sodium, i-chloride okanye i-calcium, zibandakanyeka ekulawuleni inkqubo. Kwanele ukwenza intlungu yakho ibuhlungu, akunjalo?

4 - Uqhagamshelwano kwi-Brain Complex (okanye "i-GABAs kwi-Move")

Kwimbali yethu, masitshintshe amacandelo aboniswe ngasentla kwinto eyaziwayo - iindawo zommandla. Ezi zimbini ze-neuron zakha i-A (phezulu) kunye neZakhiwo B (ezantsi) ze-Brain Complex. Bahlukaniswe isitalato esincinci (i-synapse okanye i-synaptic cleft).

Inkinobho yokuphela ye-GABA ukusuka kwiSkrini 1 ngoku isixhobo sokuhamba. I-vesicle nganye equkethe i-neurotransmitter molecules iya kuba yi-minibus egcwele i-GABA Team. Ama-receptors kunye ne-autoreceptor babe ngamabhoksi efoni. I-reuptake i-transporter, apho i-neurotransmitters ilandelwa kwakhona ukuze iphinde iphinde isetshenziswe kwakhona, utshintsho kwisitolo sekhofi esimema. Kwaye i-enzymes iyabulala kwiithuthuthu. (Akukho siphumo esithintekayo kubathandi bezithuthuthu!)

Ngoko, phezulu kwiZakhiwo A, umqhubi we-minivani ufumana ifowuni evela kwi-ofisi yangaphambili (leyo yinto yomzimba we-neuron ephezulu, engaboniswa) kwiselfowuni yakhe: "Thumela lo myalezo ngaphezu kweZakhiwo B!" Kwaye izinto ziqala ukuza kwenzeka.

I-5 - I-Neurotransmitters yabaMthumeli baValiwe

Ngokukhawuleza abaqhubi bathatha izithuthi zabo (oko kukuthi, i-vesicles) kwi-garage yokuphuma kunye nokukhulula izithunywa ze-GABA (i-neurotransmitters) kwisitalato (i-synaptic cleft) phakathi kweZakhiwo A (i-neuron yokuthumela) kunye neZakhiwo B (i-neuron efumanayo). Njengabancinci, i-GABAs ihamba ngokukhawuleza, nganye ifuna indawo yefowuni ehambelana nomfaniswano wayo (abanako ukungena kuyo nayiphi enye ibhokisi).

UGertrude, uGerald, noGloria bafike khona kuqala. Ngokukhawuleza nganye isalathisi singene kwisigodlo (receptor) kwaye yenza umnxeba kwiofisi (umzimba weseli) weZakhiwo B, ukuthumela umyalezo. Emva koko ngamnye uphindela ngaphandle kwisitrato (synapse) kwaye ujonge enye indawo. Zonke izithunywa ze-GABA zikhankanyiswa ngaphandle kwendlela (kunye nokukhwela izithuthuthu) ukuze zifike kwiidumba ezikhoyo kwaye zenze ifowuni efanayo xa zingena.

6 - Izinto ezinokungahambi kakuhle kwii-neurotransmitters

Kodwa zikhona izibatha kunye neengozi zeqela leGABA. UGeorge GABA akalokwenza kube yinto yokwakha B kuyo yonke into - uye wangqongqozwa ngumntu osisithuthuthu-ogibelayo (i-enzyme). Utshintsho lwakhe lombala lubonisa ukuba ukhohlile umyalezo ngoku - ngokuyinene, "uye wacima." Ukuba ngaba bathunywa abaninzi banokubetha ngesithuthuthu, abayaneleyo baya kuphila ukuze badlulisele umyalezo kwiZakhiwo B, iseli yolwazi lokufumana.

Okwangoku, u-Glenn GABA uye waya kwibhendi yefowuni ehlanganiswe kwiZakhiwo A. "Kuninzi kakhulu apha apha," utshele iofisi yangaphambili. "Musa ukuthumela enye." Sekunjalo, emva koko uphindela phandle waya esitrato ukuya kwizakhiwo zefowuni zeZakhiwo zeB. Kuphela xa iofisi yangaphambili ifumana iifowuni ezaneleyo ezifana ne-Glenn yimiqhubi ye-minivan ixelelwe ukuba ibuyele kwisibini semoto kwaye ingathumeli nabathunywa ngaphandle. Ukuba i-GABA ezininzi zenza le fowuni enye ngokukhawuleza, bambalwa abathunywa abanokuthunyelwa kwiSakhiwo A. Ukuba amaGABA ambalwa kakhulu angabiza, kungabakho abaninzi abathunywa abavakashele iibhentshi zeefowuni (i-receptors) zeZakhiwo B.

Kwaye ke kukho ivenkile yekhofi ekhohlisa (i-reuptake transporter) kwelinye ikona leZakhiwo A. Ukuba umthunywa onje njengoGary apha usondele ngokukhawuleza ukuvumba iphunga lasezulwini lekhofi elitsha kunye ne-donuts, ngokuqinisekileyo uza kusondela, kwaye kanye ngaphakathi, uya kuhlaziywa aze abuyele kwisibini samanzi ukuze alindele isabelo esilandelayo. Ngoxa ekugqibeleni, zonke i-GABAs eziza kuhlala zibuyela ekhaya ngevenkile yekhofi, ukuba zineentlobo ezikhethekileyo kwii-chocolate ze-cookie, abaninzi bathunywa bangena evenkile ngaphambi kokugqiba imisebenzi yabo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba izinto zisebenza ngokugqibeleleyo okanye iingxaki zivela, eso siganeko asithatha ngaphezu kwe-millisecond.

7 - Buyela kwi-Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Saqala ukuthetha ngentsingiselo yegama elithi "i-serotonin i-reuptake inhibitor ekhethiweyo," yile iklasi yeziyobisi ezibandakanya iPzac, Paxil , Zoloft , nabanye. Khumbula ivenkile yeefesi kwimifanekiso? Lo ngumthumeli we-reuptake, kwaye enye inkolelo malunga nokudakumba kukuba akukho okwaneleyo nge-neurotransmitter serotonin etholakalayo kwi-synapses ukuthumela imiyalezo esuka kwi-neuron enye ukuya kwenye. Umsebenzi we-SSRI ukukhetha ngokuthe ngqo i- serotonin ivenkile zeefestile (i-reuptake transporters) de i-serotonin izithunywa zidibanise neSakhiwo 2 (i-cell reception cell) ngamaxesha amaninzi kunokuba ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kuloo ngqondo yomntu. Ngaloo ndlela, ezi zi yobisi zivimbela ngokutsha ukubuyiswa kwakhona kwe-serotonin.

Yaye ukhumbule ukuba le miyalezo ayifuni ukusuka kwenye i-neuron ukuya kwenye. Bahamba kwizigidi zamaseli ezinyantya ukuya kwizigidi zabanye kwiminyango ende. Ukuba le nkqubo ayenzekanga ngokuchanekileyo, izifo zesimo sengqondo kunye nezifo zenyama zingabangela.