Izaziso zangaphambili zangasese zisetyenziswe kunyango lokuqala
I-antipsychotics ezinje, ngamanye amaxesha ezibizwa ngokuba yi-antipsychotics zokuqala, ziyiklasi yezilwanyana ze-psychotropic ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimpawu zengqondo . I-Psychosis ichazwa njengokuziphatha apho umntu elahlekelwa yintsebenziswano kunye neyinyaniso, ngokuhlala ebonakalisa ngeengcinga kunye nokukhohlisa .
I-antipsychotics ephawulekayo sele ilandelwa yiklasi elitsha lonyango elibizwa ngokuba yi- antipyychotics ye-atypical .
I-antipyychotics ye-Atypical yaqaliswa kuqala kuma-1990 kwaye yaziwa ngokuba nemiphumo emibini engaphantsi kwayo.
I-Psychosis ingabangelwa zizifo zengqondo okanye izifo ezichaphazela ingqondo nokuziphatha. Izifo zengqondo ezixhaphakileyo ngokuqhelekileyo ezihambelana nesiganeko sengqondo ziquka:
- Ukuxhuzula
- Schizophrenia
- I-post-traumatic disorder stress (PTSD)
- Ukuxinezeleka kwengqondo
- I-Postpartum psychosis
Iimeko eziphathekayo eziqhelekileyo ezixhomekeke kwi-psychosis ziquka ukuhluthwa, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo, isifo se-Parkinson, isifo, isifo somzimba, isifo sengqondo se-aging, kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-methamphetamine.
Iibraki kunye namaGrikhi
Ama-antipsychotics athile aqala ukuphuhliswa ngawo-1950 ukunyanga kwengqondo. Ukwelapha namhlanje kwandisiwe ukuze kubandakanye i-mania ephawulekayo, ukuphazamiseka, kunye nezinye izifo ezinzulu. I-antipsychotics ekhoyo ngoku ivunyiwe ukusetyenziswa e-US iquka:
- Haldol (haloperidol)
- Loxitane (loxapine)
- Mellaril (thioridazine)
- Moban (molindone)
- I-Navane (thiothixene)
- Orap (pimozide)
- Prolixin (fluphenazine)
- Serentil (mesoridazine)
- I-Stelazine (trifluoperazine)
- ITrarazine (chlorpromazine)
- Trilafon (perphenazine)
Ngokuqaliswa kwezidakamizwa zamatsha amasha, akuzona zonke i-antipsychotics ezisetyenziswayo njengokuba zakuba zikhona. I-Compazine (prochlorperazine), umzekelo, isetyenziselwa ukuphatha uxhalaba okanye ukulawula isicuphoso esinomsoco kunye nokuhlanza.
Imiphumela
Imiphumo emibi ingahluka ngokusekelwe kwiziyobisi okanye ukudibanisa kwesilwanyana esisetyenzisiweyo. Ezinye zeziphumo zempembelelo zinokuba zimebe kwaye zifutshane; abanye bangabandakanya ixesha kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wezinye iziphumo ezingathandekiyo. Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Isisu esimoshakele
- Utywala
- Ukuvutha
- Ukuhluma
- Ukutyeba kwakho
- Umlomo omile
- Tics kunye neentshukumo
- Ukulala
- Umbono ogqabileyo
- Ukungabi naso
- Ukutyunjwa
Amachiza okutshatyalaliswa kwamachiza athile angabangela ukuba ezinye iziphumo zecala xa zithelekiswa nabalingane be-atypical. Ezi ziquka izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi- extrapyramidal side effects ezichaphazela ukunyakaza nokuthetha.
Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa "isifo somrathisi," iimpawu ze-extrapyramidal ziquka ukungazinzi, ukuthungca, ukuthetha okutshatyalaliswayo, ukucotha ukucinga, ukunyakaza okunyanisekileyo, kunye nokuchasana kwemizimba. Amaphesenti angamahlanu abantu abaphathwa nge-antipsychotics eziqhelekileyo baya kuvelisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-extrapyramidal.
I-Tardive i-dyskinesia yenye yempembelelo yecala ehambelana nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezide. Ubonakaliswa ngokunyuka kwakhona nokuzibandakanya kwimizimba ebomini, njengokugxotha ulwimi, ukuguqulwa okanye ukwenza i-chewing motion.
Uluhlu lweNyango
Xa zisetyenziselwa ukhathaza isifo sengqondo, i-antipsychotics imiselwe ngokubambisana kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezinjengezimo ezizinzileyo, ukuxhatshazwa kwemithi kunye neyeza zokuxhalabisa.
- Ukuqiniswa kwemoya kusetyenziselwa ukunceda ukunciphisa isiqhelo somntu okanye isiqendu. Izinketho ziquka i-Tegretol (carbamazepine), i-Depakene (i-valproic acid), i-Lithobid (i-lithium), ne-Depakote (i-divalproex sodium).
- I-Anti-depressants, njengegama lawo, isetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukuxinezeleka kwaye ingaquka nayiphi na iklasi ezintandathu zeekliniki: i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), i- serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (i-SNRIs), i-norepinephrine ne-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), i-tricyclic i-anti-depressants (TCAs), i- monoamine oxidase inhibitors (i-MAOIs), kunye ne-anti-depressants e-atypical.
- Amayeza anxamnye noxinzelelo, awaziwa ngokuba yi-benzodiazepines, anokunceda ngokulala nokuxhalabisa kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo imiselwe nje ixesha elifutshane. Izinketho ziquka iKlonopin (clonazepam), iValium (diazepam), i-Ativan (lorazepam) kunye neXanax (alprazolam).
Ukongezelela, iipilisi ezimbini ngeyodwa ebizwa ngokuthi yiSymbyax (i-fluoxetine / olanzapine) ivunyiwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration, ukudibanisa i-antipsychotic efana ne-SSRI yokudandathelanisa.
> Umthombo:
> Kasper, D .; Fauci, A .; Hauser, S. et al. Iinqununu zeHarrison zeMithi yoPhakathi . ENew York: iMacGraw Hill Education, 2015. Print.