UMax Wertheimer wayengomnye wabalinganiswa bokusekwa kwesikolo esicatshulwa njenge-Gestalt psychology. Indlela yeGestalt igxininise ekujongeni izinto ngokubanzi, ebonisa ukuba yonke loo nto yayingekho nje ukubalwa kwamalungu ayo. Oku kunokungafani nesikhokelo somgaqo- sakhiwo , esasijolise ekuphula izinto phantsi kwizinto zazo ezincinci.
Umsebenzi we-Wertheimer kunye nokuphawula kwenzelwe kwiindlela zeGestalt kunye nakweminye imimandla enjengeengqondo zengqondo kunye nokufunda ngokuvakalelwa kunye nokuqonda.
Eyaziwayo kakhulu:
- Ngqondweni weGestalt
- Imithetho ye-Gestalt yombutho oqondayo
- I-Phi Phenomenon
Ukuzalwa nokufa:
- UMax Wertheimer wazalwa ngo-Apreli 15, 1880.
- Wafa ngo-Oktobha 12, 1943.
Obomi bakwangoko
UMax Wertheimer wazalelwa ePrague, eCzechoslovakia ngasekupheleni kwee-1800. Uyise wayengutitshala kwaye wakhonza njengomlawuli wesikolo sendawo ngaphezu kokufundisa. Ngoxa wayenomdla kakhulu kumculo, wathandwa yifilosofi. U-Wertheimer wayesefunda umthetho eyunivesithi ekuqaleni, kodwa ngokukhawuleza watshintshela kwifilosofi nakwizengqondo. Ngomnyaka we-1904, waphumelela i-summa cum laude ngesigidi se-doctorate kwiYunivesithi yaseWurzburg.
Umsebenzi
Emva kokuqwalasela indlela izibane ezikhanyayo kwisitishi sezitima ezidala ukungahambi kakuhle, waba nentshisekelo ekufundeni ukucinga .
Wabiza le ngcamango yokunyakaza kweFi phenomenon, eyona mgaqo ofanayo apho imifanekiso eshukumisayo isekelwe.
Ngethuba e-University of Frankfurt's Psychological Institute, waqala ukusebenza kunye nabancedisi ababini ogama linguWolfgang Kohler noKurt Koffka. La madoda amathathu asebenza kunye nabo baza kuqhubeka nokudala isikolo sombono obizwa ngokuba yi-Gestalt psychology.
Emva kokusebenza njengoprofesa kwiYunivesithi yaseFrankfurt iminyaka emininzi, wafudukela eUnited States ngo-1933. Wandula ke waqala ukufundisa kwiSikolo esitsha soPhando lwezeNtlalo eNew York City kwaye waqhubeka esebenza apho kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo.
Ngombulelo emsebenzini wakhe, iSitsha esiSitsha saba esinye sezikolo eziphambili zengqondo kwixesha lokuqala kwinxalenye yeshumi leminyaka. Ngo-Oktobha 12, ngo-1943, u-Wertheimer wabulawa yindoda yokubulala e-New York. Abantu abaninzi babeya kwiinkonzo zesikhumbuzo ezaziqhutyelwa inhlonipho yakhe kwiSikolo esitsha emva kweeveki emva kokufa kwakhe, kubandakanywa noswazi owaziwayo u-Albert Einstein.
Unyana kaWertheimer, uMichael Wertheimer, naye uyisazi sengqondo esaziwayo kunye noProfesa Emeritus kwiYunivesithi yaseColorado-eBoulder.
Igalelo lakhe kwengqondo
Njengomnye wabasunguli abathathu be-Gestalt yengqondo, uMartheimer wayenempembelelo enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo kunye nakwiindawo ezincinci ezibandakanya ukuvakalelwa kunye nokuqonda kwengqondo kunye nokuhlola kwengqondo .
Ngowe-1946, isazi sengqondo sengqondo uSolomon Asch wabhala ukuba "... ukucinga ngoMax Wertheimer uye wangena kwimida yonke yengxelo yengqondo kwaye uyeka ukugxininisa isigxina kwiingqondo zeengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wabo wemihla ngemihla.
Imiphumo ibe yinto efikelela kumsebenzi kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, kwaye iyakwazi ukwandisa kwixesha elizayo. "
Iingqondo ze-Gestalt zenza enye inxaxheba njengendlela yokusabela kwi-atom ye sikolo somgaqo-sakhiwo. Ngokungafani nokulungiswa kwezakhiwo, ezijolise ekuphuleni iinkqubo zengqondo kwiindawo zabo ezincinci, i-Gestalt yengqondo ithatha indlela epheleleyo. Ngokutsho kwabaGestalt bacinga, lonke likhulu kunexabiso leziqendu.
Kusuka kwesi sikolo sengcamango kwavela imithetho ye - Gestalt yenhlangano eqondayo . Le setethi yemigaqo yokuqonda ichaza ukuba izinto ezincinci ziqokelelwe ndawonye ukuze zenze ezinkulu.
ILizwi
U-Max Wertheimer wayenendima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kokuqala kwengqondo. Ukongezelela ekusekeni isikolo esitsha sengcamango kwengqondo esabangela ukuba siqonde indlela umqondo osebenza ngayo, u-Wertheimer uphinde waba nefuthe kwabanye abantu abangacingiyo abaye baqhubeka nokwenza iminikelo ebalulekileyo kwintsimi yengqondo.
> Imithombo:
> Hergenhahn, i-BR & Henley, T. Isingeniso kwiNkcazo ye-Psychology. EBelmont, CA: iWadsworth Cengage Learning; 2014.
> Wertheimer, uMax Wertheimer kunye neGestalt Theory. ENew York: uRoutledge; 2017.