Ingqiqo kunye neNkqubo yokuPhepha

1 - Yintoni ukuqonda?

Inkqubo yokuqonda ivumela ukuba sivelele ihlabathi elisijikelezayo. Thatha isikhashana ukuba ucinge ngezinto zonke ozibonayo imihla ngemihla. Naliphi na ixesha elithile, unokubona izinto eziqhelekileyo kwimeko yakho, uzive ukuchaphazeleka kwezinto kunye nabantu bekunqanda, ukhupha iphunga lesidlo esiphekwe ekhaya uze uve umsindo womculo odlala kwigumbi lommelwane wakho. Zonke ezi zinto zinceda senze amava ethu kwaye sivumele ukuba sisebenzisane nabantu kunye nezinto ezisijikelezayo.

Kule ngqungquthela yokujonga kunye nenkqubo yokuqonda, siya kufunda ngokubanzi malunga nendlela esiya ngayo ekufumaneni i-stimuli kwimeko yokusingatha isenzo esekelwe kule ngcaciso.

Yintoni Ukuqonda?

Ukuqonda ngethuba lethu lovakalelo lwehlabathi elikujikelezayo kwaye lubandakanya kokubili ukuqonda imimiselo yendalo kunye nezenzo ekuphenduleni ezi zinto. Ngendlela yokuqonda, sithola ulwazi malunga nepropati kunye nezixhobo zendalo ezibalulekileyo ekusindeni kwethu. Ukuqonda akuyikudala kuphela amava ethu ehlabathini esisijikelezile; lusenza ukuba senze ngaphakathi kwimeko yethu.

Iingcamango ziquka iintlobo ezintlanu; ukuthintela, ukubona, isandi, iphunga, kunye neentle. Kwakhona kuquka oko kwaziwa ngokuba yinto engafanelekanga, isethi yeengqondo ezibandakanya ukukwazi ukubona utshintsho kwizikhundla zomzimba kunye nokunyakaza. Kwakhona kubandakanya iinkqubo zokuqonda ezifunekayo ukulungiselela ulwazi, njengokujonga ubuso bomhlobo okanye ukufumanisa iphunga eliqhelekileyo.

2 - Inkqubo yokuqonda

Inkqubo yokuqonda ilandelelaniso lwamanyathelo aqalayo ngendalo kwaye ikhokelela ekuboneni kwethu ukuvuselela kunye nesenzo ekuphenduleni ukuvuselela. Le nkqubo iyaqhubeka, kodwa awuyikuchitha ixesha elide ucingisisa ngenkqubo ekhoyo eyenzekayo xa uqonda ezininzi izinto ezikujikelezayo ngasiphi na ixesha.

Inkqubo yokuguqula ukukhanya ewela kwi-retinas yakho ibe ngumfanekiso wembonakalo owenzekayo uya kwenzeka ngokungazi kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo. Utshintsho olufihlakeleyo kwingcinezelo elukhumbeni lwakho oluvumela ukuba uzive into engekho ngaphandle kwengcamango eyodwa.

Ukuze siqonde ngokupheleleyo indlela inkqubo yokujonga ngayo isebenza ngayo, siza kuqala ngokutyhula isinyathelo ngasinye.

Amanyathelo kwindlela yokuqonda

1. I-Environmental stimulus
2. I-stimulated
3. Umfanekiso kwi Retina
4. Transduction
5. Ukuqhutyelwa kweeNeural
6. Ukuqonda
7. Ukuqwalaselwa
8. Isenzo

3 - I-Environmental stimulus

Ihlabathi lizele i-stimuli enokutsala ingqalelo ngeengqondo ezahlukeneyo. Ukukhuthazwa kokusingqongileyo yinto yonke kwindawo esikuyo enokukwazi ukuyiqonda.

Oku kunokubandakanya nayiphi na into ebonakalayo, echukumisiweyo, enambithayo, eve, okanye eve. Kwakhona kunokubandakanya umqondo wokungena, njengokuhamba kweengalo nemilenze okanye utshintsho kwisimo somzimba ngokumalunga nezinto ezisingqongileyo.

Ngokomzekelo, cingela ukuba uphume kwintsimbi yokusa kwipaki yakho. Njengoko uqhuba umsebenzi wakho, kukho iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinokubamba ingqalelo. Amagatsha omthi ahamba ngomoya omncinci; Indoda isezantsi kwingca yokudlala i-Golden Retriever yayo; imoto idlulayo idlulileyo kunye neefestile zithwele kwaye umculo uphawula; Idada iyaqhuma kwindawo echibini elisondeleyo. Zonke ezi zinto zimela umonakalo wokusingqongileyo kwaye zikhonza njengendawo yokuqala kwinkqubo yokuqonda.

I-4 - I-Stimulus eya

Ukuya kwintsimi yinto ecacileyo kwimeko esibhekiselele kuyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, sinokugxila kwizinto eziqhelana nathi, njengobuso bomhlobo kwisihlwele semzini kwivenkile yekhofi. Kwezinye iziganeko, sinokuya kwii-stimuli ezinezinga elithile elitsha.

Ukususela kumzekelo wethu wangaphambili, makhe sicinge ukuba ngethuba lakho lokusa ujolise ingqalelo kwidada ejikelezayo kwisibonda esiseduze. Ibhinqa limela ukukhuthazwa kwintlanganiso. Ngexesha elilandelayo kwinkqubo yokuqonda, inkqubo ebonakalayo iya kuqhubeka.

5 - Umfanekiso kwi Retina

Emva koko, i-stimulus iya kubumba njengomfanekiso kwi-retina. Inxalenye yokuqala yale nkqubo ibandakanya ukukhanya ngokudlulayo ngokugqithisa nge-cornea kunye nomfundi kunye ne-lens yeso. I-cornea isiza ukugxila ekukhanyeni njengoko ingena kwilihlo, kwaye iris yeso ilinganisa ubukhulu babantwana ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba lukhulu kangakanani ukukhanya okumele luvumeleke. I-cornea kunye ne-lens zisebenza ndawonye ukuze iphrojekthi ifumaneke umfanekiso ongenayo kwi-retina.

Njengoko usenokuba uqaphele, umfanekiso kwi-retina empeleni uphahla ukusuka kumfanekiso wangempela kwindawo. Kule nqanaba kwinkqubo yokuqonda, oku akuko kubaluleke kakhulu. Umfanekiso awukabonakali, kwaye le nkcazelo ebonakalayo iya kutshintshwa ngakumbi nakwizinga elilandelayo kwinkqubo.

6 - Utshintsho

Umfanekiso kwi-retina uguqulwa ube ngumqondiso wombane kwinkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-transduction. Oku kuvumela ukuba imilayezo ebonwayo ihanjiswe kwingqondo ukuba ishicilelwe.

I-retina iqukethe iiseli ezininzi ze-photoreceptor. Ezi iiseli ziqulethe iiprotheni ezaziwa njengeentonga kunye neebhondi. Izindonga ngokuyinhloko zibona izinto ekukhanyeni okuphantsi, ngelixa iimbonisi zidibaniswa nokubona umbala kunye nemilo kumgangatho oqhelekileyo wokukhanya.

Iintonga kunye neenqwelwana ziqulethe i-molecule ebizwa ngokuthi i-retinal, eyona nto ibangela ukutshintshela ukukhanya kwiimpawu ezibonakalayo ezithe zatshatyalaliswa ngemiphumo yesibindi.

7 - Ukusetyenziswa kweeNeural

Izibonakaliso zombane zize ziqhutywe nge-neural processing. Umendo olandelwa ngumqondiso othize kuxhomekeke kukuphi uhlobo lwesignali (oko kukuthi isalathisi esicacisayo okanye uphawu olubonakalayo).

Ngomxholo woonxibelelwano lwee- neurons ezikulo lonke umzimba, izibonakaliso zombane zisakazwa kwiiseli zamkeli ukuya kwengqondo. Kwimzekelo yethu yangaphambili, umfanekiso wodada ojikelezayo kwisityanti ufunyenwe njengokukhanya kwi-retina, leyo leyo yenziwa ngokugqithiselwa kwisiganeko sombane kwaye iqhutywe nge-neurons kwi-network ebonakalayo.

Kwisinyathelo esilandelayo kwinkqubo yokuqonda, uya kubona ngokwenene isistim kwaye uqaphele ukuba khona kwimeko.

8 - Ukuqonda

Kwisinyathelo esilandelayo kwinkqubo yokujonga, ngokuqinisekileyo siyayiqonda into ekhuthazayo kwindawo. Kule ngxaki ukuba siyazi ngokucacileyo ukuvuselela.

Makhe siqwalasele umzekelo wethu wangaphambili, apho sasicinga ukuba uphumelele kwintonga yokusa epakini. Kwinqanaba lokujonga, uqaphele ukuba kukho into ephuma kwisibini ukuqonda.

Ngoku, kuyinto enye ukuba uqaphele ukukhuseleka kwimeko engqongileyo, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uyazi ngokucacileyo oko sikufumene. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo lwenkqubo yokuqonda, siya kuluhlula ulwazi oluchongiweyo kwiindidi ezinengqiqo.

9 - Ukuqwalaselwa

Iingcamango azibandakanyi nje ukuba ziqonde ngokucacileyo le nto. Kwakhona kunyanzelekile ukuba ingqondo yethu ihlukanise kwaye ityhicule into esiyiva ngayo. Ukukwazi kwethu ukutolika nokunika intsingiselo kwinto esilandelayo, eyaziwayo njengokwamkelwa.

Ukuqhubela phambili umzekelo wethu, kwinqanaba lokuqaphela inkqubo yokuqonda ukuba uyaqonda ukuba kukho ibhanki ejikelezayo emanzini. Inqanaba lokuqaphela liyingxenye ebalulekileyo yokujonga kuba ivumela ukuba sibe nengqiqo yehlabathi elisijikelezayo. Ngokubeka izinto kwiindidi ezinentsingiselo, sikwazi ukuqonda nokusabela kwihlabathi elisijikelezayo.

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Isinyathelo sokugqibela senkqubo yokuqonda iquka uhlobo oluthile lwamanyathelo ekuphenduleni ukukhuselwa kwendalo. Oku kunokubandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezenzo, ezifana nokuguqula intloko yakho ukujonga ngakumbi okanye ukujika ukujonga enye into.

Isigaba sinyathelo sophuhliso lokuqonda luquka uhlobo oluthile lwemoto eyenziwa ngokuphendula kwisiphumo esicatshulwayo. Oku kungabandakanya inyathelo enkulu, njengokusebenza kumntu obandezelekileyo, okanye into efihlakeleyo ngokukhawuleza amehlo akho ekuphenduleni ukukhupha komthunzi ovuthayo emoyeni.

_Imithombo:

_{IGoldstein, E. (2010). Ukuqonda kunye nePerception. EBelmont, CA: I-Cengage Learning.}

_{Yantis, S. (2014). Ukuqonda kunye nePerception. IYew York: Abapapashi abafanelekileyo.}