Iingcebiso zokudala i-APA Style
Ifomathi ye-APA isitayela esisemthethweni seMelika ye-Psychological Association kwaye isetyenziswe ekubhalisweni kwengqondo kunye nezinye iintlalo zesayensi. Ezi zikhokelo zetekisi zichaza imiba eyahlukileyo yenkcazo kunye nokuhlelwa komqulu, kubandakanywa namaphepha ahlelwe ngayo, intlangano yeenkcukacha, kunye nendlela echazwe ngayo. Le fom ibonisa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-abstract eyenzelwe ukufutshane isishwankathelo iinkcukacha eziphambili ezibhalwe kwiphepha ngaphandle kokunika iinkcukacha ezininzi.
Kutheni Kukho Okubalulekileyo KuFomati ye-APA?
Nangona ngamanye amaxesha kungakhanjelwa okanye kulandelelwe emva koko, into engabalulekanga yinto ebalulekileyo yiphina iphepha lezemfundo okanye lobugcisa. Le nkcazo emfutshane isebenza njengesishwankathelo sephepha lakho, ngoko kufanele ukuba ngokucacileyo kwaye imele ngokucacileyo ukuba iphepha lakho lini na kwaye umfundi angalindela ukuyifumana.
Ngethamsanqa, ngokulandela izikhokelo ezimbalwa ezilula, unokwenza izinto ezingabonakaliyo ezibangela umdla kumsebenzi wakho kwaye uncede abafundi bafunde ukuba ngaba iphepha liya kuba nomdla kubo.
Iisiseko ze-APA Ifomathi engumzekelo
I-abstract yikhasi lesibini lepoti lebhu okanye iphepha lefomati ye-APA kwaye kufuneka lilandele kwangoko iphepha lephepha. Cinga ngento ebonakalayo njengesishwankathelo esiphezulu sephepha lakho lonke.
Injongo yesibonakaliso sakho kukubonelela ngokukhawuleza kwiphephancwadi lakho. Incwadana ye-APA yokushicilela ibonisa ukuba i-abstract yakho kufuneka isebenze ngokufana nephepha lakho lesicatshulwa-kufuneka livumele umntu ukuba alifunde ngokukhawuleza ukuba yintoni na iphepha lakho.
Incwadana ye-APA ibuye ithi i-abstract iyona mhlathi ubaluleke kakhulu kwiphepha lakho lonke . Yinto yokuqala abantu abaninzi abayiyifunda, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ikwazisa isigqibo sabo sokufunda iphepha lakho lonke. I-good abstract ivumela umfundi ukuba iphepha lifanelekile ukufunda.
Ngokwezikhokelo ezisemthethweni zeMelika ye-Psychological Association, into ebalulekileyo kufuneka ibe yile:
- Ngcaciso emfutshane kodwa ilayishwe ngolwazi. Isivakalisi ngasinye kufuneka sibhaliwe ngempembelelo enkulu engqondweni. Ukugcina okufutshane, ungagxininisa ekubandakanyekeni ezine okanye ezintlanu zamanqaku abalulekileyo, iingcamango okanye iziphumo.
- Injongo kunye nechanekileyo. Injongo engabonakaliyo kukunika ingxelo kunokuba unike ingxelo. Kwakhona kufuneka kuchaneke ngokuchanekileyo ukuba iphepha lakho lithetha ntoni. Faka kuphela ulwazi olufakwe kumzimba wephepha lakho.
Indlela yokubhala i-Abstract
- Okokuqala, bhala iphepha lakho. Nangona i-abstract iya kuba ekuqaleni kwephepha lakho, kufuneka libe yicandelo lokugqibela obhalayo. Emva kokuba usuqedile uxwebhu lokugqibela lwephepha lakho lezengqondo , lisebenzise njengesikhokelo sokubhala okubhaliweyo.
- Qalisa ukucaca kwiphepha elitsha uze ufake intloko yakho kunye nenombolo yesi-2 kwinqona eliphezulu lasekunene. Kufuneka uqhube igama elithi "Abstract" phezulu kwiphepha.
- Gcina lifutshane. Ngokomgaqo-nkqubo we-APA wesicatshulwa, umxholo kufuneka ube phakathi kwama-150 ukuya kuma-250 amagama. Ukubala kwegama elichanekileyo kunokuhluka kwijenethi ukuya kwiphephancwadi . Ukuba ubhala iphepha lakho kwenkcazo yengqondo, unjingalwazi wakho unokufumana iimfuno ezithile zegama, ngoko qiniseka ukuba ubuze. Okubhaliweyo kufuneka kubhalwe phantsi njengomhlathi owodwa kuphela ngaphandle kwesihlomelo. Ukuze ucacise ngokucacileyo iphepha lakho lonke, kuya kufuneka ufumane ukuba zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo.
- Ulwakhiwo olubhaliweyo kwindlela efanayo kunye nephepha lakho. Qalisa ngesishwankathelo esifutshane soNkulumkiso , kwaye uqhubeke kunye nesishwankathelo seMigangatho , yeZiphumo , kunye neNgxoxo.
- Khangela ezinye iziganeko zamaphephancwadi obugcisa ngemimandla yendlela yokufingqa iphepha lakho. Phawula iingongoma eziphambili abakhethiweyo bakhetha ukuthetha ngazo. Sebenzisa le mizekelo njengesikhokelo xa ukhetha iingcamango eziphambili kwiphepha lakho.
- Bhala ibrafu ebhaliweyo yakho. Nangona ufanele uhlose ukukhawuleza, qaphela ukuba ungenzi isishwankathelo sakho sifutshane. Zama ukubhalela izivakalisi ezimbini ukuya kwisibini ukufingqa nganye icandelo lephepha lakho. Emva kokuba unesigqeba esilungileyo, ungahlela ubude nokucaca.
- Buza umhlobo ukuba afunde ngokubhaliweyo . Ngamanye amaxesha ukuba umntu ekhangele ukubonakala kwakho ngamehlo amatsha unokubonelela ngombono kwaye unokukunceda ubone ukuba unobungozi kunye nezinye iziphene.
Izinto Omele Uziqwalasele Xa Ubhala Ingqiqo
Ifomathi ye-abstract yakho ixhomekeke kwiphepha elibhalayo. Ngokomzekelo, i-abstract efomanca iphepha lokulinga liya kuhluka kwi-meta-analysis or case study .
Ingxelo engumzekelo:
- Qalisa ngokuchonga ingxaki.
- Chaza abathathi-nxaxheba kwisifundo.
- Ngokufutshane, cacisa indlela yokufunda esetyenzisiweyo.
- Nika iziphumo eziphambili.
- Ukubonelela ngeziphi izigqibo okanye iimpembelelo zesifundo.
Ngomxholo wokuhlaziywa kwemeta okanye uhlolo lweencwadi:
- Chaza ingxaki yomdla.
- Cacisa imigaqo eye isetyenziselwa ukukhetha izifundo ezifakwe kwiphepha.
- Ukuchonga abathathi-nxaxheba kwizifundo.
- Ukubonelela ngeziphumo eziphambili.
- Chaza nayiphi na izigqibo okanye impembelelo.
Kufuneka Kube Kangakanani Kangakanani Ukuthi Ungabonakali?
Incwadana ye-APA ye-6 ye-APA ibonisa ukuba i-abstract ibe ngamazwi angama-150 no-250. Nangona kunjalo, bayaqaphela ukuba iimfuno ezichanekileyo ziyahluka ukusuka kwirekhodi enye ukuya kwilandelayo. Ukuba ubhala incwadi engabonakaliyo kwiklasi, unokufuna ukukhangela umqeqeshi wakho ukuba ubone ukuba unalo igama elithile engqondweni.
Amaphepha e-Psychology ezifana neengxelo zebhabhi kunye namaxwebhu asefomathi ze-APA nazo zifuna ukuba zingabonakali. Kule meko ngokunjalo, i-abstract ifanele ifake zonke iinkalo eziphambili zephepha lakho, kubandakanywa nokusungulwa, i-hypothesis, iindlela, iziphumo kunye nengxoxo. Khumbula, nangona i-abstract ifanele ibekwe ekuqaleni kwephepha lakho (emva nje kwephepha lephepha), uya kubhala okokugqibela emva kokugqiba uxwebhu lokugqibela lwephepha lakho.
Ukuze uqinisekise ukuba yonke ifomathi yakho ye-APA ichanekile, cinga ukubonisana nekopi yoMqulu wokupapashwa we-American Psychological Association .
ILizwi
I-abstract ingaba mfutshane, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba incwadana ye-APA ye-style esemthethweni iyichaza njengomhlathi obaluleke kakhulu kwiphepha lakho lonke. Kungathatha ixesha elininzi ukubhala, kodwa ingqwalasela ingqalelo ingcaciso ingakuqinisekisa ukuba i-abstract yakho inomsebenzi omuhle omele okubhalwe kwiphepha lakho.
Ezinye iingcebiso ezingakunceda ukuba ufumane okubonakalayo kwisimo se-tip-top:
- Khangela kwiincwadi zeengxelo zeengqondo zezemfundo zemizekelo yezenzo.
- Qhubeka unikezela ikopi yesicatshulwa sesitayela esashicilelwe nguMbutho we- Psychological Association ukuze ubhekiselele.
- Ukuba kunokwenzeka, thabatha iphepha lakho kwibha yokubhala yesikolo ukuze uncede.