Iingcebiso kunye neendlela zokufumana amaxwebhu e-APA ngokufanelekileyo
Unokwenza njani iimferensi zamanqaku ezipapasho kwifomathi ye-APA? Ukuba udinga ukubhala iphepha lezengqondo, ngoko kuya kufuneka ukuba ubhekisele kwinani lamanqaku eendaba ahlukeneyo. Amanqaku anjalo atshwankathela iziphumo zophando kunye novavanyo olwenziwa ngabaphengululi kwizinto ezininzi.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, mhlawumbi kufuneka udale iingxelo malunga nantlanu okanye amanqaku amanqaku athile kwiphepha lefomathi ye-APA oceliwe ukuba ubhale.
Ifomathi ye-APA icacisa imigaqo yemigaqo ecacileyo yokujonga amanqaku avela kwiimagazini zezemfundo nakwezinye ii-periodicals. Iingqinisiso zeSihloko ziyahlukahluka ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba elichazweyo kwaye ngubani obhala umxholo. Nangona amanqaku amaninzi oya kuwasebenzisa kwiingxelo zakho mhlawumbi avela kwiimagazini zezemfundo kunye neengcali, unokufumana kwakhona amanqaku kumaphephancwadi, kumaphephandaba nakwiimpapasho ze-intanethi.
Icandelo lokubhaliweyo linye yeendawo ezilula ukulahlekelwa ngamaphuzu ngenxa yefomati ye-APA engafanelekanga, ngoko rhoqo uhlolisise iingxelo zakho ngaphambi kokuba unikezele amaphepha akho ezengqondo . Ukufunda ukubhala amanqaku kwisitayela esifanelekileyo se-APA kunokukunceda ekufundeni kwakho kwengqondo. Khangela le migaqo kunye nezikhokelo ezibhekiselele kumanqaku kwifomathi ye-APA .
Isakhiwo esiSiseko Xa Uchaza iNqaku leNcwadi kwi-APA Ifomathi:
Qala ngokubeka uluhlu lwababhali igama lokugqibela kunye namaziko okuqala, alandelwe ngumhla wokupapashwa kwabazali.
Ukubonelela ngesihloko salo nqaku, kodwa usebenzise kuphela incwadi yokuqala ye sihloko. Emva koko, dwelisa i-journalist okanye i-periodical nenombolo yevolumu kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo. Ekugqibeleni, nikeza amanani ephepha apho inqaku lingafumaneka khona.
Umzekelo:
Umbhali, IN (Unyaka). Isihloko salo nqaku. Isihloko seNcwadi okanye iPeriodical, inombolo yenani, amanani ephepha.
okanye
USmith, uLV (2000). Ukuqwalasela amanqaku kwifomathi ye-APA. I-APA Ifomathi yeveki, 34, 4-10.
Izihloko zeMagazini:
Isakhiwo senqaku elibonakala kumagazini lifana nelo phephancwadi. Nangona kunjalo, umhla wokupapashwa kufuneka udibanise inyanga kunye nosuku lokupapashwa.
Umzekelo:
UJames, SA (2001, Juni 7). Amanqaku kumagazini kwifomathi yeAAPA. Newsweek, 20, 48-52.
Iimpapasho zeendaba
Iingqinisiso zamanqaku epapasho zilandela isiseko esisiseko, kodwa sebenzisa ama-initials p. okanye iphe. ukubonisa iinombolo zephepha.
Umzekelo:
Tensky, JA (2004, Januwari 5). Indlela yokukhankanya amanqaku epapasho. I-New York Times, iphe. 4D, 5D.
I-APA Ifomathi Yemiqulu Yeendaba kunye Nabalobi Ababini
Ukuba inqaku linabalobi ababini, landela isiseko esisisiseko sokubhaliweyo kwirekhodi. Faka i-comma emva kokuqala kokuqala kombhali olandelwa ngu-ampersand (&). Emva koko faka igama lokugqibela kunye neyokuqala yokuqala yombhali wesibini.
Umzekelo:
Mischel, W., & Baker, N. (1975). Ukuguqulwa kwengcamango yezinto ezifumana umvuzo ngemiyalelo. I-Journal of Personality and Psychology, 31 , 254-261.
I-APA Ifomathi Yemiqulu Yombhalo kunye neBathathu AbaThathu AbaMveleli
Ukufumana amanqaku eendaba kunye nabalobi abathathu ukuya kubasixhenxe, landela ifomathi efanayo njengoko unokuba ngababhali ababini, kodwa hlukanisa umbhali ngamnye kunye nabaqalayo nge-comma.
Umbhali wokugqibela kufuneka alandelwe ngu-ampersand. Landela le fomathi efanayo kwombhali ngamnye obongezelelweyo ukuya kubalimi abasixhenxe.
Umzekelo:
Hart, D., Keller, M., Edelstein, W., & Hofmann, V. (1998). Ubuninzi bomntwana kubangelwa kukuphuhliswa kwentlalo-nkqubela: Ukufunda okude. I-Journal of Personality and Psychology, 74, 1288-1289.
kwaye
Keller, JL, Smithfield, KB, Ellis, M., Michelina, R., & Bels, S. (1987). Ukunciphisa ukunyaniseka kwezinto. J yethu ye-Market Research, 17 , 115-119.
I-APA Ifomathi Yeenqaku Zeendaba kunye neMibhalo Engaphezu Kwezixhenxe Zababhali:
Imithetho yokubhekisela kokubhaliweyo kunye nabaninzi abasebenzisa kuyo yonke imithombo ukuba ingaba iincwadi zivela kwiincwadi, iimagazini zamaphephancwadi, amanqaku epapasho, amanqaku eendaba, okanye kwimithombo ye-intanethi.
Faka igama lokugqibela kunye neyokuqala kokuqala kombhali ngamnye, ngamnye umntu ohlukaniswe yi-comma. Umlobi wokugqibela kufuneka alandelwe kunye ne-ampersand.
Ukuba le nqaku ibandakanya abalobi abasixhenxe okanye abambalwa, dwelisa umlobi ngamnye ngokwahlukileyo.
Ukuba kukho ezingaphezu kwe sixhenxe, zibandakanya ezithandathu zokuqala uze uzibandakanye i-ellipses (....) Endaweni yamagama umbhali ngaphambi kokuba ubhale umbhali wokugqibela.
Umzekelo:
Jones, H., Smith, P., Kingly, R., Plathford, RH, Florin, S., Breckherst, P.,. . . Lightlen, PS (2012). Indlela yokubhekisela kwinqaku elinamabhali angaphezu kwezixhenxe. I-APA Ifomathi namhlanje , 17, 35-36.
Amanqaku angenawo Umbhali
Ukuba inqaku alichazi nabani na ababhali, qalisa ngokunika isihloko sesicatshulwa, esilandelwa ngumhla wokushicilela, umthombo, kunye ne-URL ukuba ufikelele kwinqaku lekhompyutha.
Umzekelo:
Oososayensi bafuna umthombo wokudala. (2012, Matshi, 6). Newston County News. Kubuyiselwa kwi-http: //www.daytoncountynews.com/news/39756_39275.html
Iingcebiso ezingaphezulu
- Ukuba kunokwenzeka, faka i-DOI (inombolo ye-digital object identifier) kwinombolo ekupheleni kwereferensi yakho.
- Ukuba inombolo ye-DOI ayifumanekanga kwaye ufikelele kwinqaku le-intanethi, yinika i-URL yekhasi lasekhaya lephepha.
- Qiniseka ukuba uhlolisise iingxelo zakho usebenzisa umqulu oshicilelweyo wokupapashwa kwe-American Psychological Association
- Qinisekisa igama lokuqala kwisihloko, umxholo kunye nezibizo ezifanelekileyo.
- Yenza italicize igama lopapasho kunye nenombolo yevolumu.
- Iingqinisiso mazibe ziphindwe kabini.
- Umgca wokuqala wesalathisi ngasinye kufuneka ube yi-flush-left left and any streams lines should be.
- Ukuba ufikelele kwinqaku kwi-database kwaye engenayo i-DOI, faka ikhonkco kwiphepha lekhasi lasekhaya apho eli nqaku lishicilelwe ekuqaleni. Ukuba iphephancwadi okanye indawo ayikho ikhona, faka ikhonkco kwiphepha eliphambili leenkcukacha apho ufikelele khona kwinqaku.
Bona umzekelo weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkcukacha kwaye ufunde kabanzi ngefomathi ye-APA .