Xa ubhala iphepha le-APA , uya kudla ngokubhekiselele kwimisebenzi yabanye abantu. Oku kungabandakanya ukuchaza uphando olwenziwa ngabaphengululi beengqondo , ukucaphula omnye umbhali, okanye kubandakanywa isicatshulwa esivela kwelinye umsebenzi. I-APA ecacileyo ekhankanyiweyo ibonisa ukuba uqhelana nophando ngesihloko sakho, ukuba imithombo yakho ibhalwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye izigqibo zakho zixhaswa ngobungqina obuqinileyo.
Ukubhaliweyo kwakho okubhaliweyo kubaluleke kakhulu njengecandelo lenkcazo yakho. Ifomathi ye-APA imisela inani leemigaqo ecacileyo malunga nendlela yokwenza umsebenzi usebenzisa ulwazi lombhali. Ifomathi ethile yeenkcukacha zakho ezibhalwe kwi-text will vary depending on the source and number of authors to whom the source is attributed.
Ukukhankanya Imithombo Yakho kwi-APA Ifomathi
Yonke imithombo oyisebenzisayo kwiphepha kufuneka icatshwe ngeendlela ezimbini. Okokuqala, icatshulwa ngokubhaliweyo kufuneka isetyenziswe naluphi na ukubhekisela kwelinye umthombo kumzimba wephepha lakho. Oku kudlalwa ngokubandakanya igama lomlobi womthombo kunye nomnyaka wokupapashwa.
Indlela yesibini imithombo ekufuneka ifakwe kwifomathi ye-APA kukubandakanya icandelo lokwiphepha ekupheleni kwephepha lakho elibonelela ngokubhekiselele kuyo nayiphi na imithombo ekhankanywe emzimbeni wephepha lakho. Njalo khumbula, ukuba ukhankanyile umthombo kwiphepha lakho, kufuneka lifakwe kwicandelo lokubhekisa .
Indlela yokuchaza abalobi kwiFomati ye-APA
Akukho Mbhali:
Ngelixa amaninzi amanqaku, iincwadi kunye nezinye izinto ezibhekiselele kuzo ziza kubandakanya umbhali wezobhaliweyo, ezinye iindawo ezingenalo ulwazi malunga nokubhala. Ungacacisa njani ezi zixhobo kwifomati ye-APA? Ukubhaliweyo kokubhaliweyo kufuneka kusetyenziswe isihloko esincinci sesihloko esibhalwe ngabazali kunye nomhla.
Xa iinqununu zezihloko zide, sebenzisa igama lokuqala okanye ezimbini zesihloko.
Umzekelo:
Uphononongo lubonakalise ukulungelelaniswa okunamandla phakathi kweenguqu ezimbini ("Funda i-APA," ngo-2006).
Omnye Umbhali:
Xa incwadi, inqaku okanye enye imithombo ibonisa umlobi omnye kuphela, yenza nje igama eligqityiweyo lomlobi lilandelwe ngumhla wokupapashwa.
Umzekelo:
... abafundi babonisa ukuqonda okuqinileyo kweengcamango nolwazi (uJones, 2001).
okanye
UJones (2001) wafumanisa ukuba abafundi babonisa ukuqonda okunzulu kwezi ngcaciso kunye nolwazi.
Ababhali ababini:
Xa umthombo ubhala abalobi ababini, iibhalo ezibhalwe kwi-text quote kufuneka zinike amagama okugqibela abo babini ababhali kunye nomhla wokupapashwa.
Umzekelo:
Ucwaningo lwexesha elide lwabonisa umphumo ofanayo (Ross & Hudson, 2004).
okanye
U-Ross no-Hudson (2004) bafumene umphumo ofanayo kwizifundo zakamuva.
Abathunywa abathathu ukuya kwabathandathu:
Ifomathi efanelekileyo ye-APA yemithombo eneempawu ezintathu kunye nabangabalandeli kufuneka ihlalutye amagama okugqibela abo bonke ababhali okokuqala ukhankanya umthombo kunye nomhla wokupapashwa.
Umzekelo:
... iziphumo zibonise ulungelelwano olunamandla phakathi kweenguqu ezimbini (uRobsen, Hutchkins, Ru, & Selanis, 1989).
okanye
URobsen, uHutchkins, uRu, no-Selanis (1989) bafumana ukulungelelaniswa okunamandla phakathi kweendlela ezimbini.
Amagama alandelayo kufuneka abhale kuphela igama lokugqibela lomlobi wokuqala kunye nomhla wokupapashwa.
URobsen (1989) wabonisa iimpembelelo ze ...
okanye
.. kwisifundo esibonisa le miphumo (uRobsen, et al., 1989).
AbaBhali abasixhenxe okanye abaninzi:
Ukubhalwa kwegama lokugqibela lomlobi wokuqala kunye nomhla wokupapashwa kufuneka uchaze imithombo eneebhali ezingaphezu kwe sixhenxe.
Umzekelo:
... abafundi babonisa ubuchule emva kokufunda ngefomathi yePAA (Smith et al., 2005).
okanye
USmith et al., (2005) bafumanisa ukuba ...
Imibutho njengabalobi:
Unokwenza njani uxwebhu lwe-in-text in format APA xa umbhali inhlangano okanye iqumrhu?
Njalo uquka igama elipheleleyo lombutho okokuqala ukhankanya umthombo kwi-text. Isicatshulwa sifanele sibandakanye isichazi sombutho ukuba umntu ukhona. Amagama alandelayo angabhala nje uluhlu kunye nomhla wokupapashwa.
Umzekelo:
I-American Psychological Association (2000) yabika ukuba ...
okanye
... yabona ukuba abafundi baphendule kakuhle (i-American Psychological Association [APA], 2000).
kunye neziqendu ezilandelayo
(APA, 2000).
Qiniseka ukuba uhlolisise izikhokelo zakho kunye nezivakalisi usebenzisa uMqulu woLuntu oluSetyenziswayo we-American Psychological Association.
Indlela Yokushicilela Iincwadi Kwi-APA Ifomathi
I-APA ekhankanya ifomathi oyisebenzisayo kwiincwadi iyakwazi ukuhluka ngokubhekiselele kwinani labalobi abalweliswe.
Ukuba incwadi inomnye umbhali, vele unikeze igama lokugqibela lomlobi lilandelwe ngumhla wokupapashwa. Kwiimeko apho kunabalobi abangaphezu kwesithandathu, igama lokugqibela kunye neyokuqala yokuqala kwombhali oyibhaliweyo kufuneka isetyenziswe, ilandelwe ngu "et al.".
Umzekelo:
... abafundi babonisa ubuchule emva kokufunda ngefomathi yePAA (Smith et al., 2005).
okanye
USmith et al., (2005) bafumanisa ukuba ...
I-APA ifuna i-Articles kwiiNdaba, iiMagazini kunye nezinye iiPeriodicals
Xa ukhankanya amanqaku kwiphepha lezemfundo , iphephancwadi, amaphephandaba okanye ezinye iincwadi, kufuneka ulandele ifomathi yosuku lokubhala. I-APA icacisa ifake igama lokugqibela lomlobi, lilandelwe ngumhla wokupapashwa.
Umzekelo:
... njengoSmith noJones (2005) bachaza ...
okanye
... ucwaningo lufumene ubudlelwane obubalulekayo phakathi kweenguqu ezimbini (Smith & Jones, 2005).
Kwezinye iimeko, uncwadi olungenakho ukubhala umlobi. Faka isihloko esifutshane seqendu elilandelwe ngumhla wokupapashwa.
Umzekelo:
... iziphumo zaphikisana nophando lwangaphambili kwisifundo ("Uphando olutsha," 2009).
Ukucaphula amanqaku angabikho Mlawuli:
Kwiimeko apho kungekho mbhali odweliswe khona, faka isihloko esifutshane senqaku elilandelwe ngumhla wokupapashwa.
Umzekelo:
... iziphumo zihambelana nophando lwangaphambili ("UFundo olutsha," 2003).
Ukuba usebenzisa i quotation ngqo, i-APA yakho ecacisayo kufuneka ihlale ifaka inombolo yephepha apho umthombo ungafumaneka khona. Kwiimeko apho ukhankanya intlangano enjenge-American Psychological Association (APA), cela igama lonke okokuqala ukhankanya umthombo. Zonke izicatshulwa ezongezelelweyo kufuneka zisebenzise igama elifanelekileyo.
I-APA icacisa imithombo ye-elektroniki
Uhlobo oluchanekileyo olusetyenziswayo lwe-APA ukuchazwa kwimidiya yecomputer kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomthombo osetyenziswayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ifomathi iya kufana kakhulu neyeencwadi okanye amanqaku eendaba, kodwa kufuneka udibanise i-URL yomthombo kunye nomhla owawufikelele kuyo kwicandelo lokubhekisa. Funda kabanzi kweli nqaku malunga nendlela yokukhankanya imithombo ye-elektroniki kwifomati ye-APA .
> Umthombo:
> I-American Psychological Association. Umqulu wokupapashwa we-American Psychological Association (6th ed.) . IWashington DC: I-American Psychological Association; 2010.