U-Edward Bradford uTitchener wayengumfundi kaWilhelm Wundt kwaye udlalwa ngokuzisa isikolo sengcamango. Nangona iWundt ngamanye amaxesha ibonwa ngokuba ngumsekeli wezakhiwo, iicwecwe zeTitchener zahluka ngeendlela ezibalulekileyo ezivela kwiWundt. Ngoxa wayesebenza ngamandla kwengqondo ngexesha lobomi bakhe, isikolo sokucinga esasisiseko safa kunye naye.
Funda kabanzi ngobomi bakhe, umsebenzi wakhe, kunye nefuthe kwizengqondo kwi-biografi emfutshane.
U-Edward Titchener wayeyaziwayo kakhulu
- Ulwakhiwo
- Ukwazisa
- Yakha igama elithi " uvelwano ," ukuguqulelwa kwegama lesiJamani elithi 'Einfühlung.'
- Ukujongana nezifundo zoMgqibelo uMargaret Floy Washburn, umfazi wokuqala ukufumana i-PhD kwi-Psychology
Obomi bakwangoko
U-Edward Bradford Titchener wazalwa ngoJanuwari 11, 1867 e-Chichester, eNgilani waza waya kwi-Malvern College kwi-scholarship. Ngoxa intsapho yakhe yayifuna ukuba angene kubarhulumente, iimfuno zikaTitchener zaye kwenye indawo.
Ngo-1885, waqala ukufunda eOxford. Ekuqaleni wayegxile kwi-biology, kodwa ngokukhawuleza watshintsha ekufundeni kwengqondo . Ngexesha lakhe e-Oxford, waqala ukufunda iincwadi zikaWilhelm Wundt kwaye kamva waguqulela umqulu wokuqala we-Wundt eyaziwayo i- Principle ye-Psychology ye-Psychology evela kwisiJamani ukuya kwisiNgesi.
UTitchener waphumelela e-Oxford ngo-1890 waza waqala ukufunda kunye noWundt eLeipzig, eJamani.
Waqhubeka ufumana iPh.D. yakhe. kwi-Psychology evela kwiYunivesithi yaseLeipzig ngowe-1892.
Umsebenzi
Emva kokufumana i-Ph.D., uTitchener wathatha isikhundla sokuba nguprofesa wezesayensi kwiYunivesithi yaseConell eItca, eNew York. Yayilapha apho yasungula isikolo sengqondo esicatshulwa njengokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo.
U-Titchener wayekholelwa ukuba ngokucacisa ngokucacileyo nokuhlukanisa iziganeko zengqondo, abaphandi banokuqonda ukubunjwa kweenkqubo zengqondo.
Nangona edlalwa ngokuba ngumpostile weWundt, iingcamango zikaTitchener zahluke kwii-mentor. Wasebenzisa indlela ye-Wundt yokufaka ingqwalasela kodwa phantsi kwezikhokelo ezingqongqo. Wayenomdla kuphela kwizinto ezazikhona, ngoko ke izinto ezifana nezilwanyana okanye ukungenazi nto zazingenamdla kuye.
I-Introspection yindlela exhomekeke ekuziboneleleni. Abaqapheli abaqeqeshiweyo banikezwa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo okanye iziganeko kwaye bacela ukuba bachaze iinkqubo zengqondo abaye bahlangabezana nazo. Ngokusekelwe kulolu hlobo lophando, iTitchener yagqiba ukuba kukho izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo ezenza amava onke amava: iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo kunye nemifanekiso.
Yiyiphi i-Edward B. Titchener Igalelo elikhulu kwiNzululwazi?
I-Titchener ichazwa ngokuzisa isakhiwo seWundt kwi-United States. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iimbali-mlando ziyaqaphela ukuba iingcamango zikaTichener zahluke kwii-mentoring kunye nabagxeki abaninzi bathi i-Titchener empeleni yayichaza ngokungafani ezininzi iingcamango zeWundt.
Nangona isikolo sengcamango asizange siphile ekufeni kwakhe, wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusekeni kwengqondo njengesayensi yokulinga.
I-Titchener yayiyinxalenye yokuqala ye-American Psychological Association. Nangona kunjalo, akazange abe khona kwintlanganiso enye. Ngowe-1904, wasungula iqela lakhe elibizwa ngokuba yi-Experimentalists. I-Titchener ikholelwa ukuba i-APA yayingenasiphelo kunye nokwamkelwa kwezihloko zengqondo.
Iqela likaTitchener laziwa ngokuba livinjelwe ngabasetyhini, oluqhubeka kude kube sekufeni kwakhe. Nangona u-Titchener wenqabe ukuvuma abesifazana kwiqela lakhe, umfundi wakhe wokuqala ugqirha wayenguMargaret Floy Washburn.
Ngomnyaka we-1894, waba ngumfazi wokuqala ukufumana i-PhD kwingqondo. Ngethuba ixesha abafazi abaninzi babenqatshelwe ukuba bafunde kwiiyunivesithi ezinkulu eziquka iHarvard ne-Columbia, iTitchener yayijongene nezifundo zoogqirha zabafazi abaninzi kunabanye abanikazi bezengqondo belo xesha.
Ukongezelela kumsebenzi wakhe njengoprofesa owaziwayo kunye nothando, uTitchener wakhonza njengomhleli weengxelo ezivelele ezibandakanya ingqondo , izifundo ezivela kwiSebe lezengqondo kwiCyunivesithi yaseConell , kunye ne- American Journal of Psychology . Waphinda wakhankanya iincwadana ezininzi zeengqondo eziphambili eziquka Inkcazo ye-Psychology (1897), i-Primer ye-Psychology (1898), kunye ne-4-volume volume ye -Psychology (1901-1905).
UTitchener wafa ngo-Agasti 3, 1927, kwaye ngokufa kwakhe, isikolo sobunzulu besicatshulwa kakhulu sanyamalala ngokunjalo.
> Imithombo
> Leahey, TH. Imbali Yeengqondo: Ukususela Kwixesha Lase-Antiquity ukuya kwiNzululwazi. ENew York: uRoutledge; 2017.
> Hergenhahn, i-BR & Henley, T. Isingeniso kwiNkcazo ye-Psychology. EBelmont, CA: iWadsworth Cengage Learning; 2014.
> Schultz, DP & Schultz, SE. Imbali Yeengqondo Zanamhlanje. IBoston, MA: UkuFunda kweCengage; 2016.