UThutho lweziThutho zoLuntu, lweMvakalelo kunye noPhuhliso lweCognitive
Kuyazi kakuhle ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala komama kunempembelelo enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kwabantwana kwangaphambili , kodwa into engaziwa ngokubanzi kukuba iingxaki zobawo zinokuchaphazela ukuphuhliswa kwabantwana ngeli nqanaba.
Abo batywala abafanayo bathetha ukuba ukusela kwabo akuthinteli mntu kodwa baya kumangaliswa ukufumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala, ukuxinezeleka kunye nezinye iingxaki zengqondo zingaqala ukuba nefuthe kubantwana babo ngeenyanga ezili-12 ubudala.
Uphuhliso loLuntu, lwengqondo kunye noCognitive
Nangona ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala komzali kudlala indima ephambili ekuphuhlisweni komntwana, ukusela utywala akunakunqweneleka. Ubungqina beengxaki zokudakumba kumzali nokuba lunokuba yinto, abaphandi bathi.
Uphuhliso loluntu, lwengqondo kunye nolwaphulo-nzulu lwabazali olwenziwe kakubi kotywala luye lwaphawulwa kuphando kwiYunivesithi eBucalo Research Institute kwiZiDovya (RIA).
Kwi-RIA, uKenneth Leonard, Ph.D., kunye noogxa bafumana ukuphuhliswa kwabantwana bokusetyenziswa kotywala-basebenzayo kunye neqela lolawulo kwi-12, 18 ne-24 ubudala. Abantwana babonwa kunye nomzali ngamnye kwindawo yokudlala yemvelo.
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kuchaphazela abazali
Xa abantwana bezinyanga ezili-12 ubudala, isifundo sifumane ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo lobawo, ootata abasebenzisa utywala:
- I-Spoke encinane kwintsana yabo
- Ubonakalisa ukubandakanyeka okuthe ngqo
- Imvakalelo eninzi engathandekiyo
- Bachaza ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nosana lwabo
Ukuqwalaselwa kwabazali kunye nabantwana babo kubonisa ukuba ootywala-abasebenzisa kakubi utywala babengacatshanganga kakhulu ekuzaleni kwabo abazali xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo lwabawo. Oku kuthetha ukuba babengazi kakuhle indlela abaziphatha ngayo abantwana babo, okanye bengakhange baqondiswe ngokuziphatha kwabantwana babo.
Oomama abatshatile utywala-abasebenzisa kakubi utywala baziphatha ngeentsana zabo zinjengeomama abatshatileyo kulawulo lobawo. Kodwa, ukuba unina wayenayo ingxaki yokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala okanye yabonakalisa iimpawu zokudakumba, kwanegalelo ekukhululeni abantwana abangenabantwana.
Ukuxhalabisa, ukuxinezeleka kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha
Ngelo xesha abantwana babeneminyaka eyi-18 ubudala, abantwana bootywala-abaphatha kakubi uyise:
- Ubonakalisa iimpawu zokuxhalaba
- Unempawu ezininzi zokudandatheka
- Ubonise ngakumbi ukugqithisa iingxaki, njengengqumbo
Ukuba oomama babantwana babengenalo iimpawu zokudandatheka, kuphela abantwana bootywala-abasebenzisa kakubi utywala babonakalisa iingxaki. Nangona kunjalo, xa unina ayenayo impawu zokudandatheka, abantwana babonakalisa ukugqithisa ngakumbi iingxaki nokuba ngaba ooyise babenengxaki zokusela utywala okanye cha.
Ukuxinezeleka kunokudlala indima enkulu
Ngenxa yoko, abaphandi be-RIA baphetha ukuba iimpawu ezidangalisayo okanye ngabazali bobabini banokudlala indima enkulu ekuphuhliseni komntwana kunokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala.
Abaphandi babhala ukuba kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba akubona bonke abantwana abasetyhini-ukuxhaphaza iintsapho babonakalisa nayiphi na ingxaki. Enyanisweni, kwakukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo phakathi kokuziphatha kweentsapho zotyphulo kwaye abanye babo abantwana benza kakuhle.
Ukuphuhlisa ezinye iingxaki
"Imiphumo yokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala ekuphuculweni kwabantwana ayikwazi ukucatshungulwa yodwa. Kufuneka sihlolisise le miphumo kwaye sifune ukufumanisa imithombo yokuqinisekiswa kwezi ntsapho," kubhala ababhali.
Olunye uphando lufumene ukuba ukusela kwabazali kuqhubeka kuthintela abantwana ngaphaya kweenyanga ezingama-24 kwaye abantwana bezobisi banokuphuhlisa iziphumo ezingahambiyo ezibandakanya ukuxinezeleka, ukuxhalaba, ukucinga ngokuzibulala, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi okanye ubunzima bobuqu.
Imithombo:
Edwards, EP, et al. Ingxaki kunye neendlela zokuziphatha phakathi kweentsana ezinxilweni ezinxilisayo. " Ingxelo yeMpilo yengqondo yaseNtwaneni ngoMeyi 2001
Park, S. et al. Uhlolo lokuHlola oluPhezulu loPhando lwaBantwana bezoTywala: Ukunyamezela kwabo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwabo. " I-Journal ye-Studies Child and Family Meyi 2015